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A zouave in the 19th Illinois proudly said of his unit’s counter-attack and capture of General Adams: ‘No regiment in the Confederacy of anywhere near equal size had any business with the 19th Illinois at close quarters. It was the only regiment in the whole army drilled in the French bayonet drill by their zouave officers and this gave them a confidence nothing could shake.’ Other zouave regiments at the battle included 2nd Kentucky, 2nd Ohio, 1st Wisconsin, 4th and 15th Alabama, 6th and 154th Tennessee, and 9th Texas. (National Archives)

GENERAL EDITOR DAVID G. CHANDLER

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CHICKAMAUGA 1863

THE RIVER OF DEATH

JAMES R. ARNOLD

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Harker’s brigade defended its sector of Horseshoe Ridge by an exhibition of something rare on any Civil War battlefield, controlled volley firing. The brigade occupied a crest line position in two lines. When the Rebels attacked the first line fired a volley and withdrew behind the crest to reload. The second line then volleyed and exchanged position with the first. (Library of Congress)

First published in Great Britain in 1992 by Osprey Publishing,

Elms Court, Chapel Way, Botley,

Oxford OX2 9LP, United Kingdom.

© Copyright 1992

Osprey Publishing Ltd.

Reprinted 1996 (twice), 1998, 1999, 2000

All rights reserved. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study, research, criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright Designs and Patents Act, 1988, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, electrical, chemical, mechanical, optical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. Enquiries should be addressed to the Publishers.

ISBN 1 85532 263 3

Produced by DAG Publications Ltd for Osprey Publishing Ltd. Colour bird’s eye view illustrations by Cilia Eurich. Cartography by Micromap. Wargaming Chickamauga by Paul Stevenson. Wargames consultant Duncan Macfarlane. Typeset by Ronset Typesetters, Darwen, Lancashire. Mono camerawork by M&E Reproductions, North Fambridge, Essex. Printed in China through World Print Ltd.

Acknowledgements

The author wishes to thank: Robert C. Arnold, the photographer who reproduced the Tennessee State Library’s pictures; Jim Ogden, historian at the Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park; the reference librarians at Handley Library, Winchester, Virginia; the archivists of the photograph collections at the National Archives, the Library of Congress, the Tennessee State Library in Nashville and the US Army Military History Institute; Dr Richard Sommers and his staff at the Archives Branch of the US Army Military History Institute it Carlisle, Pennsylvania; Carl Teger, the photographer who reproduced the pictures held at the National Archives and the Military History Institute; Roberta Wiener, for her work as editor and researcher.

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