INDEX

AAUW (American Association of University Women) 197

abstraction 176–7, 178

Abu-Lughod, Janet L. 75

ACTfl (American Council for the Teaching of Foreign Languages) 174

advertising 7, 8, 9–11, 13, 64;

see also BPAmoco’s iMPACT;

Waste Management Inc.

Afghanistan 19, 139, 151, 195–6

African American youth;

see Chicago school policy;

race agency 239–46

Albert, Derrion 156

Albrecht, James E. 253, 254

AltaVista 9–11, 13

Althusser, Louis 143, 150, 154(n114), 157

Alvarez, Anita 156

Alvarez, Lizette 199

American Association of University Women (AAUW) 197

American Council for the Teaching of Foreign Languages (ACTfl) 174

American Dream 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 242–4

American Enterprise Institute 264

American Indian education:

forceful hegemony 166–72;

authoritarian pedagogy 169;

BIA mentality 169;

blood quantum policies 169;

curriculum 167–8;

decreasing boundaries 170;

high-stakes standardized testing 168;

military recruitment 169–70;

military teachers and administrators 170;

neoconservative character education 168;

non-Indian teachers 169;

religious conversion 170;

state exemption 170–1;

tradition paradigm 171–2;

Western medical and psychological approaches 171

Amin, Samir 4, 196

Amnesty International 166

Anderson, James 141

Arafat, Yasir 215–16

Arendt, Hannah vii, xv, 270

Aronowitz, Stanley 242

Arrighi, GIovanni 20

asymmetrical warfare 221

Atwell, Nancy 44–5

authoritarian pedagogy 169

authoritarian populism 296–7

Bakhtin, Mikhail M. 281

Baldwin, James 157(n133)

Baldwin, William 142

Balfanz, Robert 156

Banks, Paula 52

Barak, Ehud 216

Barthes, Roland 281

Baudrillard, Jean 225–6, 281

Bauman, Zygmunt 5, 114, 124, 242–3, 268, 270

Beauvoir, Simone de 194

Beger, Randall xiii–xiv

behavior problems 29

Bell, Sean 156

Bennett, William 28

Bentham, Jeremy 277

BIA (Bureau of Indian Affairs) 169

bilingual education 95, 97, 186, 251;

Chicago 76, 77, 78, 82

Bin Laden, Osama 223

Binkin, Mark 189

biopolitics of disposability 123

Blake, Robert 174

Bloom, Allan 26–7, 28

Bloomberg, Mayor xii

Boorstin, Daniel J. 281

Bourdieu, Pierre 20, 87, 133, 135(n13), 142

Bowles, Samuel 137(n18), 150

BP Educational Services 36

BPAmoco’s iMPACT science curriculum 36–53;

colonialism 51–2;

function 36–42, 52–3;

knowledge 44–7;

Monsanto’s soil exhibit 47–51;

nature 42–4, 46–51;

oil pollution 40–1

Brown, Wendy 263

Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) 169

Bush (G. W.) administration 4, 20, 39, 57, 73, 150, 173–4, 181, 221, 222, 230, 239, 281;

see also No Child Left Behind

Bush, George H. W. 184, 189, 224

Butler, Judith 202

Byrnes, Heidi 174

Caldera, Louis 185–6

Campbell, David 226

capitalism 40, 41, 51, 143, 177, 196, 203–5, 226, 267

Carroll, Eugene J. 139–40

celebrity 15

Center for Constitutional Rights 2

Central Committee of Conscientious Objectors (CCCO) 187–8

Chang, Nancy 2

character education programs 168, 252

Charlson, Dennis 87

Cheney, Dick 139

Chicago public housing 152–3

Chicago school policy 73–88, 138;

accountability and racialized regulation 76–80, 87;

common sense 86–8;

differentiated schooling 81–2;

discipline 85, 119, 155;

identity construction 81–2, 83;

inequalities and labor force demands 79–80;

JROTC 136–7, 138–9;

local school councils (LSCs) 83;

military schools 84–5, 86;

policing and criminalization xi, xii, 85–6, 269;

political-economic context 74–5;

politics of race 75–6, 155;

powerlessness 81, 82–3;

probation schools 79, 82–3;

racialized social discipline 80–1;

remedial programs 79, 80;

scripted direct instruction schools 73, 79;

study framework, methodology, data 74;

transition high schools 79, 80, 82

Chico, Gery 84

Chomsky, Noam 12, 95, 110, 111, 293

Christie, Zachary x, 114–15

church 58–9, 62

citizenship 37, 42, 62, 63, 116, 177, 199, 254

civil rights 182

classical liberal tradition 141–2

Clinton administration 38, 185, 221

Clinton, Bill 9, 14, 184, 225

Colbert, Stephen 198

Cold War 220, 222, 223, 224, 225, 226, 264

Colombia 37–40, 166

colonialism 51–2, 71

Columbine High School shootings 9–11, 13–15, 218, 219, 226

Columbus, Christopher 167

Commercial Club of Chicago 80

community 297–8

competition 13–14, 29, 66, 84

compulsory schooling in market societies 57–72;

compliance 63, 64–6;

devaluing of education 64–5;

education and development 68–72;

educational credentials 61;

learning to need school 61–6;

market societies 57–61;

market values 66–8;

roots of enforcement 57–61

conflict management programs 226

conscience 58, 59, 62, 63, 65

conservative modernization 297

Constitution 23

consumerism 48–50, 66–8, 224, 232, 240, 242–5, 267–8;

acquisitiveness 67;

and democracy 4, 297;

and violence 10–11

containment 220;

as domestic foreign policy 224–5;

foreign policy 220, 224, 225–6;

social control ix–x, 92–3, 94, 116, 118, 152, 155, 226–7;

see also prison

Cooke, Miriam 199

Cooper, Marc 38

corporate globalization 2–3, 16, 39–40

corporatization 2, 21–2, 26, 58, 66, 231, 241, 244, 251, 262, 267–8;

see also BPAmoco’s iMPACT

Coumbe, Arthur 183

creative identities 266–8

crime:

governing through crime ix–xv;

and race xiv, 9, 11, 111, 152

critical pedagogy 110–12, 294–5

critical policy scholarship 74

Cromwell, David 41

Cuesta, José 38

cultural capital 81, 95, 120, 133

cultural literacy 242

culture of fear ix–x, 117, 154, 223, 227

culture of privilege 44–5, 131

curriculum 257–8;

American Indian education 167–8;

expansion 267;

hidden curriculum 66, 115–16, 226;

inequity 134, 136;

preparation for the future 137–41, 142–3;

see also BPAmoco’s iMPACT science curriculum

Dale, Roger 297

Daley, Richard 73, 75, 85

Debnam, Angel 121, 123

Debord, Guy 278–9, 282, 283–4

Delacour, Justin 38

Deleuze, Gilles 239, 244

Deloria, Vine 169

democracy 52, 125, 193, 199, 204, 244, 251, 297, 298, 299

Department of Defense (DOD) 139, 175, 185, 188, 226

deregulation 242–3

dérive 283, 284–5

détournement 283–6

Detroit 187, 192, 265

development 37–8, 68–72, 195–7

Dewey, John 125, 265

direct instruction (DI) 73, 79

disciplinary schools 155

discipline xi, 243, 252–3;

and conflict 11, 226–7;

and educational quality 21, 27, 28–9;

and national security 2, 16;

see also security;

social control;

surveillance, spectacle and testing;

suspension and expulsion;

zero tolerance

Disproportionate Minority Contact (DMC) 155

Dobbs, Lou 177

doctrine of original sin 59, 60

DOD see Department of Defense

domestic analogy 220–1

Dorgan, Byron 117

DREAM Act 139

dropouts 96, 156, 256

drug trade and enforcement 37–8, 39–40, 68, 151, 152, 155, 166

DuBois, W. E. B. 142

Duncan, Arne xv, 131, 138, 149, 265–6, 282

Durand, Jean-Marie viii

Eban, Abba 213

ecclesiology 58–9

economic crises 22;

creative identities 266–8;

enclosure of the commons 262–3;

expansion of sovereign power 263;

individualization 263;

and inequality 146–8, 268–70;

marketization and deregulation 262, 263;

neoliberal control 262–3, 264–6;

postmodernization of production and labor 263;

security 261–70;

and superfluous youth 268–70

Edison Schools Inc. 230–1, 232, 233

“Educate to Innovate” campaign 261

education as enforcement vii–ix, 1, 2, 16, 19–22, 57;

roots of enforcement 22–4, 57–61

education for war in Israel 209–16;

Arab wars 210, 211, 212, 214, 215, 216;

history teaching 212–13, 215;

Holocaust 213, 214–15;

kindergarten 210–12;

myths of heroism 210–11, 212;

nationalism and chauvinism 211–12;

peace education 209, 215–16;

power and powerlessness 209–10, 213–14, 216;

survival 213, 214;

victim mentality 210, 213–14;

Zionism 212, 213

education reform 247–59;

administrators 257, 258;

character education 168, 252;

control 252–3;

corporatization 251;

curriculum and pedagogy 257–8;

dropout rates 256;

funding 255–6, 257;

inequality 254–5, 256–7;

legacy of A Nation at Risk 247–50, 251, 253–5, 256, 257–8;

neoliberalism 22, 148–51;

No Child Left Behind 248–50;

predatory culture 240, 242, 244, 245;

race 252, 256;

teachers 250, 252, 257, 258;

testing 250, 251–2, 253, 254, 255;

uses of schools 247

Eisenhower, Dwight D. 264

Eisenstein, Zillah 198

Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) 249, 264

Eli Broad Foundation 264

enclosure movement 59–60

enforcement, foundations of 22–4, 57–61

Engels, Friedrich 143

English-only movements 95, 167, 177

Enloe, Cynthia 199, 201

environmental issues 293;

see also BPAmoco’s iMPACT science curriculum

ESEA see Elementary and Secondary

Education Act

Esteva, Gustavo 70, 71

ethics 6, 123–4, 280

Family Research Council 218

farming 47–8, 49, 50

fear ix–x, 117, 154, 223, 227

Feinstein, Diane 117

feminism 193, 196, 198, 199, 200

Ferguson, Thomas 34

Firestone, Shulamith 194

Flecha, Ramon 81

Florida, Richard 266, 268

Foner, Eric 297

forceful hegemony 165–7;

see also American Indian education

Ford, Gerald 184

foreign language education see language education

foreign policy 219–20, 222, 224–6, 293, 294–5

Foster, William Z. 189–90

Foucault, Michel 80, 276–8, 279, 282–3

freedom 297–8

Freire, Paulo 45–6, 97(n14), 110, 239, 245

Friedman, Milton 4

Friedman, Thomas L. 3–4, 5, 7, 12, 38, 264, 266, 268

Fukuyama, Francis 5, 224

Galtung, Johan 181

gaming 13–14, 50, 139

Garrett v. Board of Education 192

Gates, Robert 139

gender relations 222;

see also militarization of women’s bodies

Gerstner, Louis 4

Gery Chico 73

GFSA see Gun-Free Schools Act of 1994

Gingrich, Newt 264–5, 266

Gintis, Herbert 137(n18), 150

Giroux, Henry 11, 53, 93–4, 123, 241, 242, 244, 245, 269–70

global cities 74–5, 80

global economy 68, 69, 71, 196–7

globalization 2–4, 6, 59, 223;

corporate globalization 2–3, 16, 39–40

Glover, Carlos 186

Goldman Sachs 195

Goodman, Ellen xi

Gordon, Colin 282

governing through crime ix–xv

Grace, Gerald 74

Gramsci, Antonio 86

Grant, Oscar 156

Greider, William 49

Grossberg, Lawrence 124

Guattari, Felix 239, 244

Gulf War 189, 224

Gun-Free Schools Act of 1994 (GFSA) x, 117, 155

Haiti 44

Hall, Stuart 296

Hammond, Darling 268

hands-on learning 44–5

Hanukkah 210–11

Haraway, Donna 50

Hardt, Michael 270

Harford, Lee 183

Harris, Ryan 156

Hart, Jeffrey 167

Harvey, David 21, 51, 262

Hawaii 43

health care 23, 148, 262

Helms, Jesse 218–19

Herbert, Bob 264

Herman, Edward 5, 37

hidden curriculum 66, 115–16, 226

high-technology industry 32–3, 145–6

higher education 8

Hirsch, Jr., E. D. 5, 242

Holocaust 213, 214–15

Homeland Security 223, 233

hooks, bell 245–6

Huizenga, Wayne 42

human rights 52, 210, 211;

imperialism 12, 37–8, 40

Hunt, Sandra L. 254

identity:

and agency 239–46;

commodification 111;

construction 81–2, 83, 130, 131;

creative identities 266–8;

national identity 242, 250–1;

religious conversion 170;

social identity 111

Ideological State Apparatus (ISA) 144, 151, 152, 154, 157

ideology and repression 154–7

Ikeda, Daisaku 173, 176–7, 178

Illich, Ivan 58, 69–70

image 274, 275–6, 278, 279, 280, 287–8

independence 29–30, 95

indigenous cultures 166

individualization 263

indoctrination 26–30

industrial production and technology 144–6

inequity in education 130–58, 254–5, 256–7;

classical liberal tradition 141–2;

curricular and pedagogical experiences 134, 136;

curricular preparation for the future 137–41, 142–3;

domestic militarism 148–9, 150–4, 157;

economic crises, unemployment and wealth disparity 146–8, 268–70;

economy and the state 143–4;

education reform 148–51;

financial and material resources 116, 133, 134, 135, 136–7, 141, 255–6;

Groundview High 135–7, 140, 142–3, 157;

history of inequality 141–3;

ideology and repression 154–7;

industrial education 141–2;

industrial production and technology 144–6;

and labor force demands 79–80;

militarism 130, 136–7, 138–40, 143, 154–5;

Mountainview 133–5, 137–8, 143, 157;

neoliberalism 148–51;

race 134, 137, 139, 141–2, 150;

SATs 140;

security 135–6;

social relationships 133–4, 135–6, 140;

see also voice

innovation 266–7

institutions 22–3

instrumental schooling 5–6

Iraq 19, 156, 193, 198–9, 200, 201, 202–4

ISA see Ideological State Apparatus

Isaacson, Walter 13

Israel see education for war in Israel

Japan 31–3

Jappe, Anselm 284, 285

Jefferson, Thomas 182

Johnson, Lyndon 264

Joint Advertising Market Research and Studies Program (JAMRS) 139

Jordan, Aldustus 236

JP Morgan 195

JROTC (Junior Reserve Officer Training Corps) 1, 19–20, 181–90;

budget 185;

Chicago 136–7, 138–9;

history 181–4;

military recruitment 7, 181, 185–9;

myths vs. realities 186–9;

national campaign 139–40;

objectives 181, 184, 186;

resistance to 16;

structural violence as economic conscription 181, 184–6, 189

Juvenile Justice Bill 219, 225

Kaldor, Mary 219, 223

Kaminer, Wendy 194, 198

Karpatkin, Marvin 118

Karpinski, Janis 193, 200–1

Kempin, Arlene 235

Kennan, George 220, 224, 226

Kennedy, John F. 183

Kerry, John 120

King, Martin Luther, Jr. 188–9, 190

Kirsch, Ted 234–5

Klein, Naomi 173, 176, 266

knowledge 44–7

Knowledge Universe 5

Kosovo 9–11, 12–13, 15, 226

Kozol, Jonathan 141

Kramsch, Claire 174, 175, 176

Kristof, Nicholas D. 197

Kurtis, Bill 43, 46, 51

Labaree, David 4–5

labor:

division of 193–7, 200–1;

postmodernization of 263

labor unions 151–2, 189–90

Ladson-Billings, Gloria 79

language education 173–8;

abstracting the other 176–7, 178;

bilingual education 76, 77, 78, 82, 95, 97, 186, 251;

context 173–5;

English-only policies 95, 167, 177;

immigration and language abstraction 177–8;

language policies abroad 175–6;

militarism in 173–6, 177;

society for education 178

Latino youth;

see Chicago school policy;

race

law and order 16, 61, 85, 87, 117, 151, 152;

see also security;

social control;

surveillance, spectacle and testing

Le Myers, Steven 201–2

Legters, Nettie 156

Lehr, Fran 253

Lewis, Tyson viii

liberalism 194, 195

Lipman, Pauline 268

Lipschutz, Ronnie D. 227

Livnat, Limor 213

love 270

McCarthy, Carolyn 225

McCarthy, Joseph 296

McChesney, Robert W. 5

Macedo, Donaldo 97(n14), 245

McFarlane, Karen 50

McLaren, Peter 240, 241, 243, 244, 245

McLuhan, Marshall 281

McNamara, Robert 183–4

Madison, James 23

magnet schools 36, 73, 131

Makigushi, Tsunesaburo 178

Mann, Horace 114

Mann, Michael 223

Marcel, Gabriel 176

Marcus, Greil 284

market societies 57–61, 67–8;

see also compulsory schooling in market societies

market values 66–8

marketization and deregulation 262

Massada 212

material resources 133, 134, 135, 136–7, 141

media 219, 221, 226, 291–3;

see also surveillance, spectacle and testing

medication 226

Melman, Seymour 16

meritocracy 62, 63

Mexico 166

Meyer, Andrew 120

militarism 1;

definition 223;

domestic militarism 148–9, 150–4, 157, 222–4;

in education 130, 136–7, 138–40, 143, 154–5, 165, 177, 244;

in language education 173–6, 177;

of market societies 67–8

militarization 222–4;

of civil society 2, 8, 20–1, 151–4

militarization of women’s bodies 192–205;

citizens 197–8;

democratization 193, 199, 204;

development 195–7;

labor 193–7, 200–1;

neoliberalism 194–6;

privatization 194, 195–7, 201, 204–5;

self-expression 203;

sexuality 201–4;

single-sex classrooms 192–3, 194, 197–8, 199;

soldiers 198–201

militarized schooling 1, 2, 6–7, 16, 19–20, 149, 186, 188;

see also education for war in Israel

military chic 8

military education 1–2, 130, 138, 139–40, 185, 186

Military Out of Our Schools campaign 16

military recruitment 7–9, 139, 169–70, 177, 181, 185–9

military schools, Chicago 84–5, 86

Milken, Michael 5

Mill, John Stuart 194–5

Miller, Mark Crispin 8

MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) 26, 34–5

Moberg, David 80

Molnar, Alex 41

Monsanto 39, 47–51

Morgenthau, Hans 220

Morial, Marc H. 156

Morrill Act (1862) 182

Mortenson, Greg 195–6

MTV 45

Mukherjee, Elora xii–xiii, 118

multiculturalism 60, 71, 251, 258

Murell, Peter C. 79

A Nation at Risk 4, 16, 116, 247–50, 251, 253–5, 256, 257–8

nation-states 222

National Center for Education Statistics 119, 120

National Defense Act 183, 184

National Education Association 183

National Education Defense Act (NDEA) 264

national identity 242, 250–1

National Organization of Women (NOW) 192

National Schools Safety and Security Services (NSSSS) 121

national security 16, 22, 173–5, 223, 225;

see also education for war in Israel

nature 42–4, 46–51

Nave, Eyal 212–13

NCLB see No Child Left Behind

Negri, Antonio 270

neoconservatism 20, 22, 168

neoliberal education:

Philadelphia 230–7;

administrators 235;

Edison Schools Inc. 230–1, 232, 233;

students 235–7;

take-over 231–2;

teachers 232–5

neoliberalism 2–6, 16, 20–1, 52–3, 87, 181;

in education reform 22, 148–51;

and security 123, 262–3, 264–6;

and women’s bodies 194–6

new imperialism 3–4

New Orleans 265

New York City Public Schools xii–xiii, 118, 269

New York Times 192, 193, 195, 196, 197, 198, 199, 201–2

Nitze, Paul 226

No Child Left Behind (NCLB) 21, 95, 131, 139, 148–9, 150, 168, 170, 177, 239, 248–52, 253, 255, 256, 264, 275, 281

NOW (National Organization of Women) 192

NSSSS (National Schools Safety and Security Services) 121

Obama administration 19, 20, 131, 149, 150, 177, 261–2, 265;

see also economic crises

Obama, Barack xv, 140, 150, 261, 282

Ohiyesa 172

oil industry 166;

see also BPAmoco’s iMPACT science curriculum

Ong, Aihwa 196

Operation TIPS 154

Orfield, Gary 86

original sin 59, 60

Orwell, George 277

Osborn, Terry 174

Paige, Rod 282

Parenti, Christian 151, 152

Partnership for 21^st Century Skills 267

Passeron, Jean-Claude 142

Patriot Act 2, 154, 277

patriotism, compulsory 291–9;

authoritarian populism 296–7;

community 297–8;

conservative modernization 297;

democracy 297, 298, 299;

flag and control 295–9;

foreign policy 293, 294–5;

freedom 297–8;

September 11 291–5;

social criticism 298;

solidarity 293–4, 295

Pavlenko, Anita 175

peace education 209, 215–16

peace organizations 189–90

Pearlstine, Norman 9

pedagogy 257–8;

authoritarian pedagogy 169;

critical pedagogy 110–12, 294–5;

effects of hyper-punitive control 124–5;

pedagogy of neglect 95–7;

of punishment ix–xv

peer reporting 226

Peltier, Leonard 166

Pentagon 292;

and high-technology 32, 33;

and military education 130, 138, 139–40, 185, 186

Philadelphia see neoliberal education: Philadelphia

Philippines 44

PIE see Prison Industries Enhancement Act

Pierce, Bonny Norton 111

Pine Ridge, South Dakota 166

Polanyi, Karl 57–8

poverty 94, 184, 197, 269

Powell, Colin 184, 186, 188

power relations 110–12, 132, 263, 276, 278–9, 283

powerlessness 81, 82–3, 209–10, 213–14, 216, 263

predatory culture 240, 241–3, 245

Preston, Julia 177

prison 8, 22, 82–3, 92–3, 94, 152, 153–4, 155–6, 276–7

Prison Industries Enhancement Act (PIE) 153, 155

privatization 2–3, 5, 6, 148–9, 153, 155, 181, 185;

of education 222, 241;

and militarism 194, 195–7, 201, 204–5;

see also neoliberal education: Philadelphia

privilege 44–5, 131

progressive education 45–6

public schools:

federal funding 116;

see also Chicago school policy;

inequity in education;

New York City Public Schools;

social control

Purim 211

quality of education 21, 27, 28–9

Rabin, Yitzhak 209, 215–16

race:

and control xii, xiv, 80–1, 92–3, 115, 116, 119–20, 153, 155–7, 252;

and crime xiv, 9, 11, 111, 152;

and dropout rates 96, 156, 256;

economics 184–5;

inequity in education 134, 137, 139, 141–2, 150;

in the military 139, 188–9;

see also Chicago school policy

Race to the Top (RTTT) 21, 131, 149–50

racial profiling 88

Ramirez, Kevin 16

Rasberry, William 5

Reagan administration 4, 6, 151, 181, 225, 241–2;

see also A Nation at Risk

Reno, Janet 225

Repressive State Apparatus (RSA) 144, 151, 152, 154, 157

resistance 16, 111, 282–6

revolution in military affairs (RMA) 221–2

Rich, Frank 287

Ridge, Tom 223, 233

right to education 61, 62–3, 66

Robbins, Carla Anne 37

Roosevelt, Theodore 182

Ross, E. Wayne 80

RSA see Repressive State Apparatus

RTTT see Race to the Top

Rumsfeld, Donald 221

Saltman, Kenneth J. 57, 94, 194, 240, 245, 261

scarcity 60, 62, 70–1

Schiller, Herbert I. 241

Schmidt, Benno 232

Scholastic 41, 43

Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) 140

schools, function of 26–35;

cruder control 34–5;

discipline 27, 28–9;

independence 29–30;

indoctrination 26–30;

subtler control 30–4

Schor, Juliet 58

Schwartz, John 177

Schweiker, Richard 233

science curriculum see BPAmoco’s iMPACT science curriculum

Scollon, Ron 177–8

second language education see language education

security:

of the corporate state 261–70;

and creative identities 266–8;

democratizing security 270;

national security 16, 22, 173–5, 223, 225;

neoliberal control 262–3, 264–6;

in schools ix, xii–xv, 118, 120–2, 135–6, 226–7;

and superfluous youth 268–70

self-esteem 192, 197

September 11, 2001 1, 4, 6, 15–16, 154, 178, 223, 224;

see also patriotism, compulsory

sex segregation in schools 192–3, 194, 197–8, 199;

see also militarization of women’s bodies

Sharon, Ariel 216

Sieminski, Gregory C. 287

Simon, Jonathan ix

Situationist International (SI) 283

slavery 12, 141, 153, 157

Slouka, Mark 267

Snite, Albert J., Jr. 236

social class 115, 116;

see also inequity in education

social control 114–25;

containment ix–x, 92–3, 94, 116, 118, 152, 155, 226–7;

cruder methods 34–5;

ethical distancing 123–4;

hidden curriculum 115–16;

hyper-punitive social control 120–5;

pedagogical effects 124–5;

and race xii, xiv, 80–1, 92–3, 115, 116, 119–20, 153, 155–7, 252;

security measures 118, 120–2, 223, 225, 226–7;

students’ rights 118;

subtler methods 30–4, 140;

suspension and expulsion 85, 96–7, 117, 118, 119, 155;

tasers 115, 120–3, 124;

teacher authority 117–18;

teacher–student relationship 117–18, 124;

tough love 116–17, 122;

see also surveillance, spectacle and testing;

zero tolerance

social criticism 298

social disorganization 70

social policy 148

society for education 178

South America 38–9

Spears, Arthur 133

spectacle 275, 278–9, 281

Spring, Joel 247

Staton, Ann Q. 254

Stotsky, Sandra 258

Strength through Wisdom 173–4

student activism 235–7

students’ rights 118

subsistence cultures 58, 69–70

Sun (Florida) 198

surveillance, spectacle and testing 80, 154, 226–7, 269, 274–88;

dérive 283, 284–5;

détournement 283–6;

high-stakes testing and enforcement 274–5, 279, 280–2;

image 274, 275–6, 278, 279, 280, 287–8;

resistance 282–6;

social control 276–9;

spectacle 275, 278–9, 281;

surveillance 275, 276–8, 279, 281

suspension and expulsion 85, 96–7, 117, 118, 119, 155

tasers 115, 120–3, 124

Taussig, Michael 51

Tavernise, Sabrina 195

teacher authority 117–18

teacher education 250, 254

teachers 232–5, 250, 252, 257, 258

teacher–student relationship 117–18, 124

Tenet, George J. 218, 223

terrorism 2, 6, 20, 88, 154, 223, 226;

see also War on Terror

testing 67, 149, 150, 250, 251–2, 253, 254, 255;

American Indians 168;

Chicago school policy 76–7, 81, 82, 83;

ethical dimension 280;

Philadelphia 234;

see also surveillance, spectacle and testing

Thatcher, Margaret 6

Time magazine 9–10, 11, 13–15, 45

Time Warner 5

TINA thesis 5, 6

tough love 116–17, 122

toxic chemicals 39–40, 41, 47–8, 50

trade and industry 32–3

traditional societies 57–8

Troops to Teachers 1, 16, 131, 170

Truesdale, Frank 42, 52

Truman, Harry 68–9, 71

unemployment 94, 139, 146–8, 151–2, 156, 188, 268

United Nations 123

universities 26, 29, 31, 33, 34

use-value 60, 61, 62, 64, 65, 71, 72

Vallas, Paul 73, 155, 235

vernacular 70

veterans 138–9, 188

Vietnam 12–13, 15, 44, 151, 188–9

Vinson, Kevin D. 80

violence:

competitive violence 13–14;

as conflict resolution 186;

and consumerism 10–11;

in schools 9, 14, 15, 16, 156;

structural violence 181, 184–6;

systemic violence 140, 148, 150–1, 156–7;

in US history 43–4;

see also Columbine High School shootings;

war;

youth violence

voice 92–112;

“at-risk” youth 93–4, 97–110;

challenging pedagogy of entrapment 110–12;

containment 93, 94;

“giving voice” 95;

pedagogy of neglect 95–7;

prison 92–3;

race 92–3

voucher schemes 6, 222

Wacquant, Loïc 93

Wall Street Journal 38

war 4, 6, 7–9, 19, 188–9, 221;

see also Afghanistan;

Cold War;

education for war in Israel;

Gulf War;

Iraq;

Kosovo;

Vietnam

War on Terror 6, 16, 37, 88, 170, 176, 223, 226, 277, 293

Warhol, Andy 277

Washington, George 182

Waste Management Inc. 41, 42

Watzke, John 174

Weiss, Joanne 149

welfare reform 185

West, Cornel 24

West Paducah, Kentucky 219

West Point Military Academy 182

Whittle, H. Christopher 230, 232

Wildcat, Daniel 169

Williams, Kayla 193, 198–9, 202–4

Williams, Patricia 11

Wilson, Woodrow 182–3

Wolff, Richard 147

Wood, Ellen Meiskins 3, 12

Wood, Leonard 183

Yaeger, Jill 46–7

youth violence as (trans)national movement 218–27;

containment 220, 224–7;

domestic analogy 220–1;

domestic foreign policy 224–5;

foreign policy 219–20, 222, 224, 225–6;

media 219, 221, 226;

militarization 222–4;

revolution in military affairs (RMA) 221–2;

in schools 9, 14, 15, 16, 156;

social relations 221–2;

witnessing rituals 218–19

Zarate-Laun, Cecilia 37

zero tolerance x–xii, 84, 85, 114–15, 117, 118, 119, 149, 155, 269

Zionism 212, 213

Žižek, Slavoj 140, 148, 150–1, 156, 262