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Grateful acknowledgment is made to reprint the following: Excerpt from John Ashbery, The Tennis Court Oath, © 1962 by John Ashbery. Reprinted by permission of Wesleyan University Press.

“From a Photograph.” By George Oppen, from New Collected Poems, copyright © 1962 by George Oppen. Reprinted by permission of New Directions Publishing Corp.

“The Red Wheelbarrow.” By William Carlos Williams, from The Collected Poems: vol. 1: 1909–1939, copyright © 1938 by New Directions Publishing Corp. Reprinted by permission of New Directions Publishing Corp.

“Excerpt.” By Susan Howe, from Pierce-Arrow, copyright © 1999 by Susan Howe. Reprinted by permission of New Directions Publishing Corp. Exerpts from Lorine Niedecker, Collected Works, copyright © 2002. Reprinted by permission of University of California Press.

All Louis Zukofsky material copyright © Paul Zukofsky; the material may not reproduced, quoted, or used in any manner whatsoever without the explicit and specific permission of the copyright holder. Reprinted by permission of New Directions and Wesleyan University Press.

A version of chapter 1 was published as “Petalbent Devils: Louis Zukofsky, Lorine Niedecker, and the Surrealist Praying Mantis,” Modernism/Modernity 13, no. 2 (2006): 325–347. Copyright © 2006 The Johns Hopkins University Press. Reprinted with permission by The Johns Hopkins University Press.

A version of chapter 2 was published as “At Clark Coolidge: Allegory and the Early Works,” American Literary History 13, no. 2 (2001): 295–316.

Part of chapter 3 was published as “Mobilizing Forms: Lyric, Scrolling Device, and Assembly Lines in P. Inman’s ‘nimr,’” in Mark Jeffries, ed., New Definitions of Lyric: Theory, Technology, and Culture, 3–15 (Levittown, Pa.: Garland, 1998).

Special thanks to

Peter Inman, for permission to quote from Think of One, copyright © 1986.

Myung Mi Kim, for permission to quote from Dura, copyright © 1998.

Craig Dworkin, for permission to quote from Strand, copyright © 2005.

Charles Bernstein, for permission to quote from A Poetics, copyright © 1992.

Clark Coolidge, for permission to quote from Own Face, copyright © 1978; Polaroid © 1975; Quartz Hearts, copyright © 1978; Smithsonian Depositions/Subject to a Film, copyright © 1980; Space, copyright © 1970; The Maintains, copyright © 1974.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Golston, Michael.

Poetic machinations : allegory, surrealism, and postmodern poetic form / Michael Golston.

pages cm

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 978-0-231-16430-6 (cloth : acid-free paper)—ISBN 978-0-231-53863-3 (ebook)

1. American poetry—20th century—History and criticism.   2. Allegory.   3. Surrealism (Literature)   4. Poetics.   I. Title.

PS323.5.G65 2015

811'.509—dc23

2014045626

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