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Achillea millefolium 22, 31, 36, 59, 243
adaptogen, see herbal actions
Aesculus hippocastanum 124
AGFORWARD project 109, 119
agriculture
agro-ecology 66,105, 119, 233
Good Agricultural Practice (GAP) 116
herb farm 34
smallholder 117
small scale cultivation 5, 72
Agrimonia eupatoria 237
agrimony see Agrimonia eupatoria
agroforestry, definition 5, 7, 35, 109
agroforestry, organisations 66, 109, 11
Agroforestry Research Trust 65-6
ague, see musculoskeletal system complaints
Alchemilla xanthochlora 59, 240
alcohol, benzyl alcohol 113
alcohol, use in tinctures 85-9, 104, 237
alder, see Alnus glutinosa
alder buckthorn, see Frangula alnus
alkaloid 19-22, 36, 42, 130, 138, 145, 162, 185, 188, 215, 228, 231, 233, 237-8
Allium ursinum 22, 29, 243
Alnus glutinosa 10, 15, 39, 73
Alnus viridis 11
alterative, see herbal actions
Althaea officinalis 19, 59, 73, 240
Alzheimer’s disease 15, 20, 145, 162, 185, 206-7, 220
analgesic, see herbal actions
Angelica archangelica 30, 237
Angelica sylvestris 42
anthocyanin 12-3, 19, 126-7, 157, 188, 191, 197, 202, 213, 215, 221, 223, 233
anthraquinone 15, 19, 162, 233
antibacterial, see herbal actions
antibiotic, see herbal actions
anticoagulant, see herbal actions
antifatigue, see herbal actions
antifungal, see herbal actions
antihypoxic, see herbal actions
anti-inflammatory, see herbal actions
antimicrobial, see herbal actions
anti-oxidant, see herbal actions
antipyretic, see herbal actions
antiscorbutic, see herbal actions
antiseptic, see herbal actions
antispasmodic, see herbal actions
antitumour, see herbal actions
antitussive, see herbal actions
anti-ulcer, see herbal actions
antiviral, see herbal actions
anxiety, see nervous system complaints
arbor vitae, see Thuja occidentalis
Arctium lappa 30, 238
Aronia melanocarpa vi, 13, 23, 63, 73, 92, 126
Artemisia absinthum 36, 41, 243
Artemisia annua 20
Artemisia vulgaris 19, 73, 241
arthritis, see musculoskeletal system complaints
ash, see Fraxinus excelsior
Asia:
ethnobotany 11
invasive plants 11, 34
ornamental plants 43
plant introductions 43, 174
aspirin 19, 22, 133, 212, 240
astragalus, see Astragalus membranaceus
Astragalus membranaceus 237
astringent, see herbal actions
Atropa belladonna 42
authentication, see testing
barberry, see Berberis vulgaris
berberine 14, 19-21, 129-30
Berberis aquifolium vi, 14, 19, 21, 24, 63, 73, 129
Berberis vulgaris 14, 19, 31, 59, 191
bergamot, see Monarda didyma
Betula pendula vi, 14, 19, 24, 36, 59, 63, 73, 94, 99-100, 112, 131
betulinic acid 14, 133, 197
bilberry, see Vaccinium myrtillus
biochar 53, 233
biodiversity
and climate change 2, 121
and forest gardens v, 2-3, 35
benefits 15, 33, 109, 119, 121
harvesting practices 56, 72
resilience 15, 33, 109, 119, 121
tree pathogens 56
birch, see Betula pendula
bistort, see Polygonum bistorta
bitter, see herbal actions
bittersweet, see Solanum dulcamara
black cohosh, see Cimicifuga racemosa
blackberry, see Rubus fruticosus
blackcurrant, see Ribes nigrum
bloodroot, see Sanguinaria canadensis
blood pressure, see circulatory system complaints
blue flag, see Iris versicolor
body care, see skin complaints
bogbean, see Menyanthes trifoliatum
borage, see Borago officinalis
Borago officinalis 31, 59
botanical:
herbarium 75
identification 25, 28, 42, 72, 74-5, 116, 118
voucher specimen 75
bracken in compost 61
bronchitis, see respiratory system complaints
broom, see Cytisus scoparius
buddleia, see Buddleja asiatica
Buddleia asiatica 43
burdock, see Arctium lappa
burns, see skin complaints
buyer organisations 107
Caffea arabica 20
Calendula officinalis 30, 59, 64, 73, 97, 240
Californian poppy, see Eschscholtzia californica
Canada:
guidelines on good practice 116
Inuktitut use of alder 11
mountain ash species 70
plant exporter 8
cancer, see metabolic disorders
canopy, upper 2, 35, 39-40, 44-5, 51, 61, 235
carbon sequestration 2, 121
carminative, see herbal actions
Castanea sativa vi, 20, 24, 39, 135
catmint, see Nepeta cataria
Ceanothus americanus vi, 24, 31, 63, 137
certification:
biodynamic 114
FairWild 116
forest stewardship 116
organic 106, 114, 248
organisations 248
certification 5, 107, 114, 116 248
chasteberry, see Vitex agnus castus
Chelsea Physic Garden 11
cherry, bird, see Prunus padus
cherry, wild, see Prunus avium
chickweed, see Stellaria media
China, plant exporter and importer 8, 133, 148, 151, 154, 168, 174, 205, 212, 220
China:
plant introductions 11
plantation diversity 3
wild-harvesting co-operative 119
Chionanthus virginicus vi, 23, 30, 41, 139
chokeberry, see Aronia melanocarpa
cholagogue, see herbal actions
Cimicifuga racemosa 67, 111
circulatory system complaints:
haemorrhage 171
haemorrhoids 23, 124-5, 159, 162, 171, 191
heart disorders 15, 40, 126, 143-5, 148, 174, 223
hypertension 15-6, 23-4, 143, 202, 220
hypotension 23
poor circulation 23, 167-8, 226, 230, 237
varicose veins 23, 124-5, 171
cleavers, see Galium aparine
climate:
boreal 9
breakdown v, 3, 5, 35, 56, 58, 70, 247
change 2, 9, 43, 65, 70, 109, 121, 247
local 28-9, 35
temperate v, 9, 43, 122, 147, 155, 180, 231
tropical 9, 180, 231
zones 3, 9, 29, 123, 147, 169, 244-5
climate zone:
Atlantic 3
Europe vii, 244
US vii, 245
coffee, see Caffea arabica
colds, see respiratory complaints
comfrey, see Symphytum officinale
complementary medicine 8, 12
compost:
leaf mould 61
seed 60-1
Conium maculatum 42
conservation:
agroforestry 5
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) 5
organisations 247
US medicinal plants 6, 118
constipation, see digestive system complaints
coppicing:
safety and 53
technique 39-40, 44-5, 51, 54, 64, 81, 234
cough, see respiratory system complaints
cramp bark, see Viburnum opulus
Crataegus monogyna vi, 19, 23, 31, 36, 55, 75, 141
Crataegus oxyacantha 19, 31, 36, 55, 73
Crawford, Martin 65, 249
Cynara scolymus 239
Cytisus scoparius vi, 23, 35, 63, 144
dandelion, see Taraxacum officinale
Dartington Estate 109-10
Daucus carota 35, 243
Davis, Jeanine 5, 246
deadly nightshade, see Atropa belladonna
decoction 10, 23-4, 30-1, 85-6, 89-91, 97-8, 125, 138, 144-5, 159, 162, 171, 182, 185, 188, 197, 205, 210, 233, 231, 234, 237-40, 242-3
decongestant, see herbal actions
dementia, see nervous system complaints
demulcent, see herbal actions
Department for Environment and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) 43, 267
design:
base map 27-8, 43
edges 33, 36
elements 27, 33, 35
guilds 36
light and shade 3, 23-4, 29-31, 33, 36, 40, 44, 47, 53
multifunctional element v, 33, 35
planning 27-8, 35, 39, 44, 48
site assessment 27-8
zones 27, 33
diabetes, see metabolic disorders
diaphoretic, see herbal actions
diarrhoea, see digestive system complaints
diet:
children and forest diet 13
dietary supplements 111, 114
superfoods 13
digestive system complaints:
constipation 23-4, 157, 161-2, 164, 172, 188, 215, 235, 238
diarrhoea 31, 136, 142, 147-8, 154, 167, 169, 182, 191, 201, 205, 208-9, 215, 223, 226, 237, 240, 242-3
flatulence 164, 177, 185, 228, 233, 237-8
gallbladder 23, 30-1, 130, 139-40, 142, 233, 238-9
haemorrhoids 23, 124-5, 159, 162, 171, 191
lack of appetite 30, 179, 185, 236
nausea 143-4, 147, 185
distillation 24, 43, 101, 103, 133, 154,
203-6, 234
diuretic, see herbal actions
dock (curled), see Rumex crispus
dosage:
children 85
elderly 123
herbal medicines 12, 85
Douglas fir, see Pseudotsuga menziesii
drying:
equipment 77-9, 82, 115-6
labelling 75
moisture levels 77-8, 206
temperature 78
Echinacea purpurea 61, 73, 151, 217
eczema, see skin complaints
Elaeagnus rhamnoides vi, 20, 24, 52, 63, 147
elder, see Sambucus nigra
elecampane, see Inula helenium
Eleutherococcus senticosus vi, 24, 36, 149
Elkes, Richard 10
emmenagogue, see herbal actions
emodin 15, 162
emollient see herbal actions
environment:
and overharvesting 2, 5, 151, 226
and tourism 3
and trees 3, 5, 10, 15, 43
habitat loss 5
equipment:
grain grinder 80
hammermill 80, 82
hand tools 49, 51
power tools 28, 51, 55
safety 47, 49, 53, 72
Eschscholtzia californica 143
ethnobotany 11, 248
eucalyptus:
Eucalyptus pauciflora vi, 19, 24, 152
species 13, 40, 61, 90, 97-9, 101
Europe:
agroforestry 5, 35, 109, 116, 119, 246
climate zones 244
consumer market 105
coppicing and pollarding 54
good agricultural practice 116
harvesting guidelines 118
herbal product demand 8
plant introductions 1, 43
plant monographs 12
product regulations 111, 113
provenance and climate change 58, 70
threatened habitats 3
traditional herbal registration 7
traditional practice 11-2
European Medicines Agency 111, 202, 220
Evelyn, John 15, 48, 164, 174
exhaustion, see nervous system complaints
expectorant, see herbal actions
Fairtrade, 85
febrifuge, see herbal actions
feverfew, see Tanacetum parthenium
Ficus carica vi, 23, 41, 155
fig, see Ficus carica
Filipendula ulmaria 22, 34, 59, 64, 240
flatulence, see digestive system complaints
flu see respiratory system complaints
folklore, see history
forest:
bathing 16, 18
Forestry Commission 32, 177, 246, 253
Forestry Stewardship Council 116
non-timber forest products 5, 8, 83, 105, 109, 114, 116-7, 119
forest garden definition 2-3
school v, 118
tropical 3, 51
see also woodland
forsythia, see Forsythia suspensa
Forsythia suspensa vi, 13, 23, 31, 40, 63, 86, 158
Fragaria vesca 30, 35, 37
France, traditional practice 11
Frangula alnus vi, 15, 19, 23, 35, 41, 73, 91, 96, 161
Fraxinus excelsior vi, 11, 23, 30, 39, 76, 80, 163, 165
fringe tree, see Chionanthus virginicus
funding:
business plan and 116
charitable 116
crowdfunding 116
research 12
Woodland Trust 246
fungi:
disease 3, 56
Lentinus edodes 36, 39
mycorrhiza 48, 51-2, 62, 235
Trametes versicolor 36, 39
galactogogue, see herbal actions
Galega officinalis 239
Galium aparine 30, 238
gallbladder, see digestive system complaints
garden angelica, see Angelica archangelica
gardens:
botanic garden 10-1, 28, 118, 247
cottage garden 3, 10, 27, 40-1
medicinal forest garden, definition v, 2-3
garlic (wild), see Allium ursinum
Germany:
herb exporter and importer 8
retail sales 8
Geum urbanum 19, 237
ginkgo, see Ginkgo biloba
Ginkgo biloba vi, 16, 23, 29, 31, 40-1, 59, 68, 73, 86, 167
ginseng, see Panax ginseng and Panax quinquefolius
Glechoma hederacea 239
globe artichoke, see Cynara scolymus
glycerin 85-6, 90, 92-3, 202, 234
Glycyrrhiza glabra 19, 240
goat’s rue, see Galega officinalis
goldenrod, see Solidago virgaurea
goldenseal, see Hydrastis canadensis
Goldenseal Botanical Sanctuary 6
gypsywort, see Lycopus europea
habitat loss 2-3, 5, 43
haemorrhage, see circulatory system complaints
haemorrhoids, see circulatory system complaints
haemostatic, see herbal actions
Hamamelis virginiana vi, 24, 30, 33-4, 50, 62, 64, 68, 98, 103, 108, 169
Hart, Robert 72
harvest:
labelling 69, 72, 75, 83
planning 43-4, 72-4, 107, 115
records 57, 75, 83
seasonal 61, 64, 72-3
sustainable 45, 72, 105, 111, 117
tools 42, 73, 78, 115
wild-harvesting 5, 7-8, 75, 105, 109, 114, 116, 118
zones 33
hawthorn, see Crataegus monogyna
health and safety 45, 49, 74
heart complaints, see circulatory system complaints
heartsease, see Viola tricolor
hemlock, see Conium maculatum
hepatoprotective, see herbal actions
herbal actions:
adaptogen 149, 151, 233, 241
alterative 130, 140, 174, 233, 237-42
analgesic 179, 207, 211-2, 233, 242
anti-inflammatory 15, 19-22, 30, 40, 90, 95, 97, 100, 125, 133, 136, 138, 143, 148, 151, 154, 157, 159, 164-5, 171, 177, 179, 182, 185, 188-9, 191, 197, 200-3, 205, 207, 209, 211-2, 215-6, 220, 223, 228, 231, 233-4, 237, 239-243
anti-oxidant 15, 19-20, 36, 51, 70, 78, 92, 104, 125-7, 133, 135-6, 138, 140, 143-4, 147-8, 151, 157, 159, 164, 168, 174, 177, 179, 182, 185, 188, 191, 197, 201-2, 205, 207, 209, 215, 220, 223, 226, 233
antibacterial 13, 19-20, 30, 36, 43, 92, 130, 143, 154, 157-9, 163, 174, 177, 179, 185, 191, 201, 205, 207, 215, 228, 231, 240-2
antibiotic 10, 31, 36, 121, 130, 145, 189, 233, 235, 243
anticoagulant 125, 138, 159, 168, 202, 205, 223, 233, 241
antifatigue 151
antifungal 56, 148, 154, 162, 174, 177, 179, 191, 194, 200, 228, 231, 233, 235, 239
antihypoxic 168, 233
antimicrobial 12-3, 19, 21, 104, 136, 148, 157, 162, 174-5, 177, 179, 182, 188, 191, 194, 200, 205, 209, 212, 216, 223, 233
antipyretic 211, 233
antiscorbutic 205, 209, 233
antiseptic 11, 13, 19, 21-2, 30-1, 90, 95, 97, 100, 102, 125, 133, 152, 154, 177, 193-4, 200, 207, 211, 216, 223, 237-43
antispasmodic 21-2, 30, 40, 81, 138, 142, 154, 157, 179, 182, 185, 197, 207, 220, 224, 226, 233, 237-8, 240-3
antitumour 36, 131, 148, 151, 174, 194, 223
antitussive 136, 197, 233
anti-ulcer 133, 136, 151, 159, 164, 182, 209, 217, 223
antiviral 20, 36, 151, 154, 159, 162, 164, 171, 182, 191, 200-2, 205, 215-7, 231, 235, 240, 242
astringent 11, 19, 22, 25, 30-1, 89, 125-6, 131, 135-6, 138, 143, 157, 159, 164, 169, 171, 174, 179, 182, 188, 191, 197, 201, 203-5, 207-9, 211, 223, 226, 233, 236-43
bitter 30, 40, 88-9, 131, 140, 144, 159, 162-4, 185, 197, 207, 211, 226, 233, 238-41, 243
carminative 30, , 151, 157, 179, 191, 205, 207, 231, 233, 237-8, 240-3
cholagogue 130, 133, 140, 162, 233, 238-41, 243
decongestant 194, 234
demulcent 21, 89, 220, 234, 238, 240-1
emmenagogue 30, 179, 185, 207, 216, 234, 237, 240-3
emollient 21, 234
expectorant 19, 30-1, 136, 138, 154, 182, 197, 200, 207, 215-6, 228, 234, 239-40
febrifuge 125, 164, 234
galactagogue 157, 234, 239, 241
haemostatic 191, 209, 234
hepatoprotective 151, 177, 182, 188, 191, 234
hypertension 15-6, 23-4, 143, 202, 220, 233
hypoglycaemic 151, 188, 223, 234, 239, 241
hypolipidaemic 157, 234
hypotensive 143, , 226, 234, 241-3
immune stimulant 148, 151, 154, 205, 237, 241
laxative 19, 30, 35, 40, 91, 96, 130, 140, 157, 159, 161-4, 174, 188, 200, 205, 215-6, 233-242
lymphatic 30, 137-8, 235, 238
oxytocic 144, 235
purgative 174, 188, 215, 233, 236-7
sedative 31, 142, 197, 219-20, 226, 236-7, 239-43
sialogogue 231, 236
tonic 30-1, 39-40, 88-9, 125, 130, 136, 138, 140, 143, 148-9, 151, 159, 162-4, 168, 172, 177, 191, 194, 197, 205-9, 211, 223, 228, 233, 236-43
vasodilator 143, 168, 220, 226, 236, 243
vermifuge 144, 157, 236
vulnerary 22, 182, 236-40, 242
herbal medicine:
practitioners v, 12, 21, 25-6, 107, 111, 114-5, 117, 119, 232, 247-8
trade 5, 8, 105, 114
training 25, 34, 247-8
herbarium 75
Himalayas, plant introductions 11
history:
ethnobotany 11
folklore 10, 215
Native American 126, 129, 138, 169, 182, 200, 211, 216, 226
plant introductions 11
traditional medicine 131, 151, 158-9, 182-3, 197, 227
Holt Wood v, 3, 31-3, 44, 48, 51, 53, 55, 61, 74, 78, 80-1, 83, 85, 108, 118-9, 122, 129, 141, 169, 172, 175, 183, 198, 210, 226, 231
honey 85-6, 90, 92, 94-5, 97, 136, 197, 200
honeysuckle, see Lonicera periclymenum
Hong Kong, herb importer 8
hops, see Humulus lupulus
horsechestnut, see Aesculus hippocastanum
Humulus lupulus 30, 36, 38, 63, 73, 240
Hydrastis canadensis 5, 7, 111
hydrosol 23-4, 97-8, 101-4, 191, 200, 205-6, 234
Hypericum perforatum 7, 19, 31, 59, 68-9, 73, 97, 99, 242
hypertension, see circulatory system complaints
hypoglycaemic, see herbal actions
hypolipidaemic, see herbal actions
hypotensive, see herbal actions
immune stimulant, see herbal actions
India, herb exporter 8
infusion 23-4, 30-1, 78, 85-6, 89-91, 97-8, 126-7, 130, 133, 136, 145, 157, 159, 168, 174, 177, 179, 182, 185, 191, 194, 197, 201-2, 204-5, 207, 209, 212, 215-6, 220, 223, 228, 234, 237-43
ingredients:
organic 7, 85, 107, 109, 148
provenance 8
self-sufficiency 85
insects:
bees 85, 124, 135, 144, 158, 161-2, 178, 189, 194-5, 201, 203, 206, 208, 210, 219-20
brimstone butterfly 162
insecticide 11, 145, 191
Inula helenium 30, 59, 64, 73, 239
Ireland, traditional practice 11
Iris versicolor 238
ivy, ground, see Glechoma hederacea
Japan:
herb importer 8
plant introductions 11
Juglans regia vi, 24, 29, 172
Juniper, see Juniperus communis
Juniperus communis vi, 13, 23, 31, 39, 48, 63, 98-100, 106, 175
Kew Gardens 9
kidney, see urinary system complaints
lack of appetite, see digestive system complaints
lady’s mantle, see Alchemilla xanthochlora
Lady Park Wood 51
Lamium album 242
Laurus nobilis vii, 13, 24, 30-1, 63, 100, 178
Lavandula angustifolia 41, 59, 73, 104, 106
lavender, see Lavandula angustifolia
laxative, see herbal actions
lemon balm, see Melissa officinalis
Lentinus edodes 36, 39
Leonurus cardiaca 241
lichen 36
limeflowers, see Tilia cordata
Liquidambar styraciflua vii, 13, 24, 40-1, 90, 98, 180
liquorice, see Glycyrrhiza glabra
Lonicera periclymenum 31, 36, 38
Lycopus europaeus 239
lymphatic, see herbal actions
magnolia, see Magnolia liliifora
Magnolia liliiflora vii, 24, 183
marigold, see Calendula officinalis
marketing:
business plan and 116
co-operative 105
ethical marketplace 107
non-timber forest products 5, 119
medicinal claims 111
premium 72
marshmallow, see Althaea officinalis
meadowsweet, see Filipendula ulmaria
medicine:
Ayurvedic medicine 12
Chinese medicine 12, 148, 151, 158-9, 163, 167, 182-3, 185, 216, 227, 231, 237-8, 241
diagnosis 85
herbal v, 5, 9, 10, 12, 19, 26, 28, 105, 107, 111, 114, 118, 122, 140, 210, 231, 247
pharmaceutical discovery 11, 25
Mediterranean, see Europe
Melissa officinalis 30, 35, 64, 97, 109, 240
memory, see nervous system complaints
menopause, see reproductive system complaints
menstrual disorders, see reproductive system complaints
mental health 15-6
Mentha × piperita vulgaris 19-20, 33, 64, 73, 238
Menyanthes trifoliatum 238
metabolic disorders:
cancer 10, 13-4, 20, 126, 130-1, 133, 148, 151, 157, 159, 164, 171, 174, 177, 185, 194, 202, 205, 231, 233-4
diabetes 15, 126, 133, 157, 174, 179, 185, 188, 191, 215, 223, 233, 239
methicillin-resistant Staphylcoccus aureus (MRSA) 13, 145, 182, 233
metrorrhagia, see reproductive system complaints
Miles, Simon 4
mint, see Mentha x piperita
Mintal Herbal Products 106
Monarda didyma 97, 237
monoterpene 19-20, 43, 133, 154, 171, 177, 185, 194, 200, 202, 217, 234-5
Morus nigra vii, 11, 20, 23, 41, 63,187, 223
motherwort, see Leonurus cardiaca
mugwort, see Artemisia vulgaris
mulberry, see Morus nigra
mullein, see Verbascum thapsus
musculoskeletal system complaints:
ague 10, 144, 164, 174, 179, 233
arthritis 23, 30, 40, 87, 95, 163-5, 179, 194, 205, 237-8, 240-1
sprain 24, 97, 171, 240
swellings 10, 21, 125, 160, 169, 201, 233, 235
mushrooms, see fungi
myrtle, see Myrtus communis
Myrtus communis vii, 13, 19, 24, 61, 63, 71, 102, 189
nausea, see digestive system complaints
Nepeta cataria 15
nervous system complaints:
anxiety 16, 23-4, 40, 141, 143, 167-8, 185, 206-7, 226, 233, 240-2
dementia 23, 167-8
exhaustion 24, 148-9, 209, 242
glaucoma 202
memory 24, 168, 206-7, 233
pain 19, 21-2, 24, 31, 39-40, 85, 94-5, 125, 164, 169, 185, 203, 205, 208-12, 226, 233, 237, 242
Parkinson’s disease 145, 220
nettle, see Urtica dioica
North America:
contamination of plant supplies 7
ethnobotanical studies 117
horticultural information 9
plant introductions 11, 108
traditional practice 12
Norway, forest bathing 18
nursery stock:
container-grown 66
heeling in 48, 66
terminology 66
oak, see Quercus robur
oestrogen imbalance, see reproductive system complaints
oils:
carrier 85, 98
essential 13, 19-21, 64, 73, 90, 98, 101, 103-4, 106, 109, 133, 154, 172, 174, 177, 194, 200, 217, 231, 234
oregano, see Origanum vulgare
Oregon grape, see Berberis aquifolium
organic:
certification 27, 34, 75, 106, 114, 248
market 8, 71, 85, 171
standards 5, 105, 113-4, 116
Organic Herb Growers Co-op 119
Organic Herb Trading 114-5
Origanum vulgare 31
oxymel 86, 90, 92, 94-5
oxytocic, see herbal actions
paclitaxel 13-4, 20
Paeonia lactiflora 64, 73
paeony, see Paeonia lactiflora
pain, see nervous system complaints
Panax ginseng 151
Panax quinquefolius 5, 111, 149
Parkinson’s disease, see nervous system complaints
Passiflora incarnata 36, 59, 63, 241
passionflower, see Passiflora incarnata
peppermint, see Mentha × piperita
permaculture:
ethics 7, 57
organisations 249
regenerative processes 7, 27, 35
see also design
phenols 19-20, 36, 126-7, 157, 174, 185, 202, 205, 209, 212-3, 220, 223, 235-6
phenoxyethanol 113, 171, 235
phytochemistry:
herbal actions and 21
research 9
secondary metabolite 19
synergy 25
Pine species 22, 194, see also Pinus sylvestris
Pinus sylvestris vii, 13, 19-20, 24, 193
Plant List, The 9, 247
plantain species 97, see also Plantago major
Plantago major 59
Plantlife 5, 247
plants:
bare-root 45, 48, 66
climbers 2, 30-1, 36, 38-9, 43, 237, 241
cultivar 64, 71
DNA barcoding 7
ground cover 2, 35-7, 43, 51, 68, 137, 207, 209, 239-40, 242-3
guilds 36
identification 25, 42, 74-5, 116, 118
medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) 5, 8
monograph 12, 113-4
nitrogen-fixing 35, 51-2
ornamental 11, 13, 20, 43, 64, 71, 121, 126, 128-30, 139-40, 145, 158-9, 169, 172, 180, 183, 206, 216, 224, 227, 229
poisonous 42
semi-hardy 9
spacing 43-4, 60, 81, 109, 155, 168, 179
weeds 51, 53, 109, 172
Plants for a Future 9, 249
pollarding 40-1, 45, 54-6, 75, 121, 129, 139, 141, 180, 187, 195, 198, 210, 235
Polygonum bistorta 237
polysaccharide 19, 36, 151, 217, 220, 234-5
pomegranate, see Punica granatum
poultice 23, 31, 36, 85, 97-8, 154, 159, 165, 169, 171, 200-1, 209, 219, 236, 238, 242-3
powdering:
equipment 80, 82
particle size 78-80
Poyntzfield Herbs 66-7
pregnancy vii, 16, 125, 130, 133, 138, 145, 151, 159, 162, 165, 174, 177, 179, 182, 185, 191, 194, 200, 207, 209, 212, 215, 217, 223, 226, 229, 231, 237-43
premenstrual tension, see reproductive system complaints
preserving:
drying 72, 75, 77-9, 80-2, 114-6, 125, 138, 141, 167, 179, 191, 204, 206, 210, 237
freezing 82, 92, 102, 147
with preservatives 104, 113, 171
preventative health 10, 13, 104, 113, 197
prickly ash, see Zanthoxylum americanum
Priestlands Birch 111-2
processing:
batch number 83
cut herb 28, 78, 80
mesh sizes 79
screening 79
products:
anti-ageing 8, 205
artisan 84, 104, 107-8
cold remedies 8
cosmetics 5, 8, 105-6, 108, 113, 115, 121, 148, 191, 207
imports 43, 85, 121
labelling 111, 113
nontimber forest product 119, 121
seasonal 5, 26
propagation:
cuttings 33, 58, 62-3, 66, 70-1
division 58, 62, 64
hormone rooting 62
layering 58, 62, 64
seeds 48-9, 51-2, 58-62, 64, 66, 68-70
tree nursery 58, 66, 71
willow extract and 62
Prunella vulgaris 31, 36-7, 242
Prunus:
Prunus avium 40, 73, 91, 195
Prunus padus vii, 23, 31, 63, 73, 76, 91, 195
species 22, 60, 141
Pseudotsuga menziesii vii, 13, 21, 23, 89, 98, 102-3, 198
Pukka Herbs 9
Punica granatum 20,
purgative, see herbal actions
purging buckthorn, see Frangula alnus
purple coneflower, see Echinacea species
quality:
drying 77-8
food hygiene 111
good agricultural practice 116
harvesting 72
pharmaceutical 114
standards 5, 12, 28, 107, 114
see also testing
Quercus petraea, see Quercus robur
Quercus robur 10-1, 19, 36, 39, 69
ramsons, see Allium ursinum
raspberry see Rubus idaeus
recipe:
Birch bud and sweet bay balm 100
Blackcurrant bud glycerite 93
Cherry bark syrup 91
Chokeberry fruit leather 92
Cramp bark capsules 96
Dried ash bark tincture 88
Fresh nettle leaf tincture 87
Fresh woodland tonic infusion 89
Inhalation of sweet gum 90
Making incense sticks 103
Myrtle leaf hydrosol 102
Raspberry leaf vinegar 94
Rosemary and birch oxymel 94
St John’s wort infused oil 99
Willow bark honey pills 95
Yarrow poultice 97
red root, see Ceanothus americanus
Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation (REDD) 3
reproductive system complaints:
menopause 23, 227-8, 237, 241
menstrual disorders 81, 94, 123-4, 209, 226, 228, 237, 239-243
metrorrhagia 171, 235
oestrogen imbalance 228
premenstrual tension 23, 228, 241
pregnancy 16, 125, 130, 133, 138, 145, 151, 159, 162, 165, 174, 177, 179, 182, 185, 191, 194, 200, 207, 209, 212, 215, 217, 223, 226, 229, 231, 237-43
vaginal discharge 171, 191, 239-40, 242
see also pregnancy
resin 19, 22-4, 31, 92, 133, 140, 180, 182, 193-4, 197-8, 200, 226, 231, 236
respiratory system complaints:
bronchitis 24, 167, 194, 239-40, 243
colds 8, 23-4, 30-1, 40, 90, 111, 126, 135-6, 148, 152, 154, 159, 182, 188, 197, 200-1, 205, 212-3, 215-7, 220, 227, 240, 243
cough 8, 22-4, 31, 40, 91, 111, 131, 135-6, 147, 149, 151-2, 154, 182, 191, 194, 197, 200, 209, 216, 227, 233, 239
flu (influenza) 8, 23, 30-1, 40, 159, 182, 188, 201, 205, 211-3, 215
sinus congestion 183, 185
sinusitis 24, 40, 90, 95, 185, 191, 194, 239
sore throat 10, 19, 23-4, 31, 40, 94-5, 130, 137-8, 159, 171, 188, 200-2, 209, 211-2, 220, 237, 241
Rheum species 15, 59
rheumatism, see musculoskeltal system complaints
rhubarb, see Rheum species
Ribes nigrum vii, 23, 63, 73, 201
risk assessment 42, 45, 47, 49, 74, 113
Rosa canina vii, 23, 63, 73, 86, 203
rose hips, see Rosa canina
rose species 33, 69, 73-4
see also Rosa canina
rosemary, see Rosmarinus officinalis
Rosmarinus officinalis vii, 13, 24, 62-4, 94, 98, 102-4, 206
Rubus fruticosus 19, 22, 25, 30, 73
Rubus idaeus vii, 24, 35, 63, 73, 94, 208
Rumex acetosella 242
Rumex crispus 19, 29, 238
St John’s wort, see Hypericum perforatum
sage, see Salvia officinalis
Salix alba 19-20, 22, 33, 73, 54-5, 95
Salix daphnoides vii, 22, 24, 63, 73, 95, 210
Salix species 33, 35, 39-40, 51, 62, 86, 106 see also Salix alba and Salix daphnoides
Salvia officinalis 31, 41, 63, 94, 98, 103, 241
Sambucus nigra vii, 8, 10-1, 13, 23, 30, 34, 40, 63, 73, 79, 86-7, 91, 98, 106, 213
Sanguinaria canadensis 111
saponin 19, 125, 133, 140, 143, 220, 236
schisandra, see Schisandra chinensis
Schisandra chinensis 63, 241
Scotland:
food forest 26
herb nursery 66-7, 249
Scots pine, see Pinus sylvestris
Scutellaria laterifolia 59, 242
sea buckthorn, see Elaeagnus rhamnoides
sedative, see herbal actions
seed:
harvesting 66, 68, 77
industry 66
provenance 70-1
scarification 60
seed saving 69
sowing 58, 60-1
storage 60, 82
suppliers 64-7
self-heal, see Prunella vulgaris
sesquiterpene 19-20, 43, 133, 154, 168, 185, 220, 236
sheep’s sorrel, see Rumex acetosella
shitake, see Lentinus edodes
shrubs:
also see trees
definition 10
hedge 40, 53, 121, 159, 189, 216, 219-20
sialogogue, see herbal actions
Siberian ginseng, see Eleutherococcus senticosus
sinus congestion, see respiratory system complaints
sinusitis, see respiratory system complaints
Skelton, John 77
skin complaints:
acne 24, 102, 159, 171, 228
burns 10, 22, 30, 36, 97, 136, 148, 154, 169, 209, 216, 238
eczema 24, 133, 171, 174, 223, 239
hair care 103
skullcap, see Scutellaria laterifolia
soil:
acid 23-4, 29-30, 35, 53, 131, 135, 139, 144, 161, 169, 172, 175, 180, 184, 187, 189, 193, 198, 201, 208, 210, 224,
237-40, 242
alkaline 23-4, 29-31, 35, 172, 175, 193, 195, 209, 219, 224, 237, 241, 243
drainage 29-30, 35, 46, 53, 228, 239, 241
fertility 15, 29, 52-3, 147, 172
mulches 2, , 26, 34, 45-8, 51-3, 56, 61, 75, 81-2, 109, 129, 149, 152, 155, 167, 172, 179, 184, 208, 210, 213, 235
panned 29
texture 29, 41
Solanum dulcamara 19, 237
Solidago virgaurea 31, 63, 165, 239
sore throat, see respiratory system complaints
South America, plant introductions 11, 67
sprain, see musculoskeletal system complaints
St John’s wort, see Hypericum perforatum
Stachys betonica 59
standards:
FairWild 116
forest management 116
organic 5, 105, 114, 116
pharmacopoeial 12, 114, 117, 207, 235
Stellaria media 97
storage, shelf life 72, 86, 97-8, 104, 113
strawberry , see Fragaria vesca
stress, see nervous system complaints
suppliers:
seeds 66, 249
tree nurseries 66, 249
sustainability:
herbal medicines 5-9, 114
of harvest 118, 121
resilience 57, 121
sweet bay see Laurus nobilis
sweet chestnut, see Castanea sativa
sweet gum, see Liquidambar styraciflua
sweet wormwood, see Artemisia annua
swellings, see musculoskeletal system complaints
Symphytum officinale 35, 52, 64, 73, 97, 238
syrup 23-4, 28, 30-1, 77, 85-6, 90-2, 133, 159, 162, 182, 188, 197, 202-3, 205, 215, 239-40
Tanacetum parthenium 59, 68, 239
tannin 11, 19, 22, 54, 92, 125, 133, 136, 138, 154, 162, 168, 171, 174, 197, 205, 207, 209, 212, 220, 223, 226, 231, 236
Taraxacum officinale 238
taxol 13-4, 20
Taxus baccata 14, 39, 42
terpenes 19-21, 136, 200, 236
testing:
high performance thin layer chromatography (HPLC) 7
plant DNA testing 7
quality of material 114-5
spectroscopy 7
Thuja occidentalis vii, 11, 23, 31, 63, 216
Tilia cordata vii, 24, 36, 70, 219
Tilia species 36, 39, 73, see also Tilia cordata
tinnitus, see nervous system complaints
tonic, see herbal actions
Traditional Medicinals 119
Trametes versicolor 36, 39
Tree Charter 56
trees:
conifers 9, 32, 39, 193, 200
definition 10
disease control 2, 56
ecosystem services 15
guards 47-8
pest control 56
staking 129
urban 15-6, 158
turkeytail, see Trametes versicolor
understorey 2
United Plant Savers 5-6, 111, 118, 247
urinary system complaints:
kidney 130, 151, 164, 182, 188, 197, 217, 243
urinary infection 23-4, 30-1, 87, 126, 133, 158-9, 167, 177, 179, 188, 191, 195, 201-2, 205, 221, 223, 226, 237-43
Urtica dioica 13, 29-30, 73, 241
US Food and Drug Administration 257
Vaccinium myrtillus vii, 23, 29-30, 59, 63, 221
Vaccinium species 13,19, see also Vaccinium myrtillus
vaginal discharge, see reproductive system complaints
valerian, see Valeriana officinalis
Valeriana officinalis 40, 242
varicose veins, see circulatory system complaints
vasodilator, see herbal actions
vegetation:
classification 29
indicator 29
native 27-9
Verbascum thapsus 31, 36, 59, 68, 241
Verbena officinalis 59, 68-9, 242
vermifuge, see herbal actions
vervain, see Verbena officinalis
Viburnum opulus vii, 22-3, 29, 31, 42, 44, 54, 62-3, 73, 81, 96, 224
vinegar 23-4, 85-6, 92, 94-5, 148, 165, 200, 209, 215
Viola tricolor 59, 239
Vitex agnus castus vii, 23, 62, 227
vulnerary see herbal actions
walnut, see Juglans regia
water:
movement 2-3, 28-30
management 15, 27, 33-4
swales to catch 33
Weleda 9, 148, 217
white deadnettle, see Lamium album
wild angelica, see Angelica sylvestris
wild carrot, see Daucus carota
willow, violet, see Salix daphnoides
willow, white, see Salix alba
witch hazel , see Hamamelis virginiana
wood betony, see Stachys betonica
woodland:
ancient 29
management 47, 54, 66, 109, 111
simulation 5
small 5, 117-8
see also forest
World Health Organization (WHO):
guidelines on good agricultural and collection practices 257
traditional medicine 12
wormwood, see Artemisia absinthum
yarrow, see Achillea millefolium
yew, see Taxus baccata
Zanthoxylum americanum vii, 24, 36, 42, 63, 73, 230