Index
A
Absolute pressure theory
ACS microvascular dysfunction
Advanced trauma life support (ATLS) protocols
Aerobic-anaerobic equation
Anti-inflammatory therapies
Arteriovenous malformations and fistulae
Arteriovenous pressure gradients
Autodecompression concept
B
Bevel-tipped needle
Bhattacharyya study
Biomarker analysis
Bone forearm fracture
Bywater’s or crush syndrome
C
Calcaneal fractures
Capillary permeability
Cell membrane ion exchange
Cellular metabolism
Cellular necrosis
Children, ACS
clinical examination
diagnosis
etiologies
forearm fractures
intramedullary nailing
non-traumatic causes
pathophysiology
supracondylar humerus fractures
surgical fixation
tibia fractures
trauma
treatment
Chronic exertional compartment syndrome (CECS)
Closed claim analysis
Closed tibial fractures
Compartment pressure measurement
accuracy of
advantages
antioxidants
catastrophic errors
catheter placement
clinical assessment
clinical guidelines
clinical symptoms and signs
compartment pressure
decompression threshold
diagnostic performance characteristics
diagnostic protocols
high risk of ACS
intravenously hypertonic fluids
limitations
diagnosis
differential pressure threshold
intracompartmental pressures
measurement inaccuracies
neuromuscular deficits
pain severity
specificity and sensitivity
surgical decompression
tissue pressure
minor errors
overestimation of
randomised controlled trial
Compartment pressure measurement (cont.)
standard end bore needle measurements
technical problems
ultrasound scanning
Compartment syndrome in lumbar region
Compensatory coping strategy
Coronary artery bypass grafting
Cytokine activation
D
Deep flexor compartments in the forearm
Delayed fasciotomy
Delayed primary wound closure of fasciotomy wounds
Diabetes mellitus
Diaphyseal tibia fractures
Differential pressure
Dilation in arteriole system
Dynamic dermatotraction and static tension devices
E
Early fasciotomy
Early primary wound closure of fasciotomy wounds
Edinburgh protocol
Elective surgery
Epidural anesthesia
Epidural anesthesia after joint arthroplasty and infection
Exertional compartment syndrome
F
Fasciotomy
incisions
placement
sites
threshold criteria
wound management
dynamic dermatotraction and static tension devices
early primary wound closure
institutional financial resources
treatment
Femur fractures, in children
Fibro-osseous compartment
Foot compartment syndrome
acute fasciotomy vs. delayed management
anatomic reports
clinical diagnosis
compartments and associated muscles
etiology
functional outcomes
history and physical examination
increased pressure to palpation
injury pattern
irreparable soft tissue damage
management of
non-surgical complications
surgical compartment release
surgical complications
Forearm fractures
Fracture haematoma
G
Gluteal compartment syndrome
Gluteal hematomas
Glycolysis
Glycolytic pathway
Gradual suture approximation technique
H
Hand compartments
Health care professionals, misperceptions
causes
chart inserts and checklists
delayed or missed diagnosis
diagnosis
diagnostics tests
education and institutional protocols
educational programs
ICP monitoring
intracompartmental pressure measurement
open fractures
pain, pallor, pulselessness, parasthesias, and paralysis
presentation and diagnosis
traumatic and non-traumatic causes
Hematological disorders/malignancies
HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) infection
Hypo-perfusion
Hypotension/hypoxia
Hypothermia
Hypothyroidism
I
Idiopathic spontaneous
Indemnity payments in acute compartment syndrome
Inflammatory response
Innocuous distal radius in elderly and low demand patients
Inter-observer variability
Intracompartmental pressure (ICP)
Intramuscular pH monitoring
Invasive monitoring technique
Ipsilateral distal humerus and forearm fractures, in children
Irreversible cell damage
Irreversible injury
Ischemia
Ischemic compartment syndrome
Ischemic infarction of skeletal muscle
Ischemic mammalian animal muscle study
ATP concentration against time
glucose 6 phosphate concentration against time
lactate concentration against time
phosphocreatine concentration against time
pyruvate concentration against time
Ischemic orbital compartment syndrome
K
Kocher-Langenbeck approach
L
Leg compartment syndrome
Limb amputation
Lower extremity compartment syndrome
advance and withdrawal technique
blood transfusion
complications
continuous monitoring
CT scanning
dual incision approach
fasciotomies
foley catheter
high-energy mechanisms of injury
intracompartmental pressure measurements
irreversible ischemic tissue loss
necrotic gluteal muscle debridement
necrotic musculature
pathophysiology
physical examinations
posterior intermuscular septum
preoperative pressure measurements
serum myoglobin levels
single incision release
skin grafts
treatment algorithm
Lower extremity paresthesias
M
Malpractice
and acute compartment syndrome
defendants
insurance
and orthopedics
breach of duty
medical negligence
standard of care
plaintiff
Markers of ACS
Matsen’s arterio-venous gradient theory
Mechanism of injury
Medical malpractice claim/suit
Medico-legal process
Medicolegal ramifications of missed compartment syndrome
Membrane injury
Microvascular response
Missed compartment syndrome
clinical examination
clinical presentation
clinical signs
consistent vigilance
decision making
delayed presentation
in dwelling pressure catheters
fracture patterns
medical liability claims
pain out of proportion
pathological sequelae
signs and symptoms
subjective pain assessment
treatment
Missed compartment syndromes
Muscle degeneration
Muscle ischemia
Muscle paralysis
Myonecrosis
N
Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)
Necrosis of compartment contents
Needle compartment pressure monitoring
Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT)
Neonatal compartment syndrome
Neonatal form of compartment syndrome
Nerve blocks
Non-enzymatic glycosylation
O
Open femur fracture
Orthopedic malpractice claims
Orthopedic trauma
Orthopedic surgery
P
Pathophysiology, ACS
circulation and neuromuscular function
circulatory patency
functional abnormality
tissue pressure
Patient positioning, CS
beach chair position
causes
epidemiology
general anesthesia
intraoperative diagnosis
lateral decubitus positioning
lithotomy position
perioperative complications
physiological space
position specific patho-physiologic response
prone position
risk factors
supine position
technical and digital advances in surgery
therapy
Physiological changes
Polytrauma patients
amputation
anesthesia application
assessment
ballistic fractures
biologic markers
CK values
clinical and medicolegal consequences
clinical diagnosis
clinical signs and symptoms
clinical tools
compartment monitoring system catheter
compartmental pressures
continuous pressure monitoring
demographic factors and mechanisms of injury
diagnosis of compartment syndrome
evaluation process
injury location
intracompartmental pressure measurements
intramuscular and blood pressure readings
intramuscular component of the probe
invasive intracompartmental pressure monitoring
leg intracompartmental pressure
near-infrared spectroscopy
palpable and visible swelling
paralysis
paresthesia
polytrauma patients
psychosocial factors
pulse-oximetry
radiographic predictors
risk factors
screening protocol
Post procedure compartment syndrome
Pre-operative diastolic blood pressure
Pressure gradient within the fascial compartment
Pressure monitoring
clinical assessment
paraesthesia/reduced sensation
swelling
Pressure threshold, ACS
Progressive tissue ischemia
R
Radiofrequency identification (RFID) implants
Reperfusion injury
Reversible cell injury
S
Sarcopenia
Secondary wound closure, fasciotomy
Shoelace technique
Single measurement of compartment pressure
Skeletal muscle physiology
Soft tissue causes of ACS
Solid state transducer intracompartmental catheter (STIC)
Statins (hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors
Supracondylar humerus and femoral shaft fractures
Surgical decompression
Surgical fasciotomy
Suture approximation techniques
T
Theory of ‘auto-decompression’ of fascial boundaries
Thigh compartment syndrome
Tibial diaphyseal fracture
Tibial fractures
Tibial osteotomy
Tibial tubercle fractures, in children
Tissue cooling
Tissue ischemia
Tissue necrosis
Tissue oxygenation
Tissue reperfusion
Tissue tolerance with increased pressure
Tissue ultrafiltration (TUF) catheters
Total knee replacements
Transmural pressure
Traumatic compartment syndrome
Traumatic tibia fractures
U
Upper extremity compartment syndrome (UECS)
V
Vacuum assisted wound closure
Vascular assessment
Vascular injury and open fractures
Vasomotor control
Vessel-loop technique
W
Whitesides technique
Whitesides’ needle manometer technique
Z
Zero-flow scenario