1 an advanced age In 1900, the life expectancy at birth of a white American male was 46.6 (U.S. Bureau of the Census,1975: Series B 107— 15, page 55.) By 1990, white male life expectancy had risen to 72.7 (U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1996: no. 114, page 87).
1 he felt he had failed as a father and husband Kaplan (1966:333).
1 business failure meant disgrace Paine (1912:986-87).
1 an author could afford to be poor Neider (1959:260).
1 the international celebrity According to Hoffman (1997:x), Clemens was “the most interviewed, most photographed, and most recognizable figure in North America and Europe.”
2 In the introduction to a selection Theroux (1990:xvi).
2 My wife’s grandmother once met Mark Twain They probably met on January 20, 1901, when Clemens addressed supporters of the Hebrew Technical School for Girls, of which my wife’s great-grandmother was headmistress. The school, located on Henry Street, was the only one in New York to offer a vocational education to Jewish girls. In his speech, Clemens argued that if women had the vote, corruption in the city would be swept away. NYT, January 21, 1901:5.
2 “There was an awkward pause” FTE:1,13-14.
9 a window on each of its eight sides In the 1880s, the window in the fireplace was bricked up to improve the fireplace draft. Jerome and Wisbey (1977:39).
10 “It is a cozy nest” SLC to Joseph and Harmony Twitchell, June 11, 1874. MTL:220.
10 “a foretaste of Heaven” Ibid.
10 “The city in the valley is purple with shade” SLC to Molly Clemens, 1874. Paine (1912:825).
10 Clemens was a familiar figure in Elmira My description of Elmira in the Clemenses’ era relies on Cotton (1985) and Jerome and Wisbey (1977).
12 a “church home” Taylor (1981:17).
12 “roaring success” SLC to HHR, July 16, 1895. Leary (1969:171).
12 “My project of preparing” SLC to HHR, June 4, 1895. Ibid.:150.
12 “My gracious” SLC to HHR, June 25-26, 1895. Ibid.:156.
12 “I’ll go to Cleveland on a stretcher, sure” SLC to HHR, June 26, 1895. Ibid.:158.
13 “I shan’t be able to stand” SLC to HHR July 8, 1895. Ibid.:165.
13 carbuncle For contemporary views of carbuncles and their treatment, I relied on Johnsons Universal Cyclopedia (1894), The New International Encyclopaedia (1904), and the eleventh edition of The Encyclopaedia Britannica (1910).
13 the Erie Railroad Depot The description of the turn-of-the-century depot is based on a photograph taken about five years before the Glemenses’ departure for Cleveland, reproduced in Cotton (1985:12).
13 The last passenger train Byrne (1976).
14 Jervis Langdon was the first to do so Taylor (1977:168).
15 “I have been asked that question several times” Plain Dealer (Cleveland), July 16, 1895.
15-16 “which made them … the most conspicuous object” SLC to HHR, July 16, 1895. Leary (1969:171).
16 “I got started magnificently” Ibid.
16 “4?200 people present” Pond (1900:201).
16 he introduced a scheme My account of his performance is based on the Plain Dealer (Cleveland), July 16, 1895; NYT, July 23, 1895:3.
17 “convulsed” Plain Dealer (Cleveland), July 16, 1895.
17 “the scuffling boys had the audience’s maddened attention” SLC to HHR, July 16, 1895. Leary (1969:171).
17 “at Sault Ste. Marie and here” SLC to HHR, July 20-22,1895. Ibid.:172.
17 “I am getting Into good platform condition at last” SLC to HHR, July 24, 1895. Ibid.:174.
17 he could segue Fatout (1960:259-60).
17 the story of a christening Ibid.
18 “The humorous story is strictly a work of art” Twain (1917c:263).
18 “From the time of his stepping out” Melbourne Punch, October 3, 1895:214. Quoted in Shillingsburg (1988a:131).
19 his wife’s suggestion Pond (1900:206).
19 “The performer … must vary the length of the pause” Neider (1959:182).
19 the “Golden Arm” Twain (1917c:268-70).
20 “you must get the pause right” Ibid.:270.
20 “I know the look of Uncle DanTs kitchen” Twain (1907:461).
20 Justin Kaplan For his discussion of the “Golden Arm,” see Kaplan (1966:309-10).
20 a man willing “to risk his soul” SLC to Joel Chandler Harris, December 12, 1881. MTL:403. Quoted by Kaplan (1966:310).
20 it was presented to a museum Paine (1912:996).
20 “He could persuade a fish” MTN:232.
22 Pond left a remarkable record The text published by Gribben and Karanovich (1992) represents a manuscript that Karanovich purchased in 1984. In it he found almost all the material published by Pond (1900) plus previously unpublished text.
22 “You press the button, we do the rest” Gribben (1992:iv).
22 Clemens, in a dark three-piece suit Photograph in Gribben and Karanovich (1992:25).
23 In another photo Photograph in Gribben and Karanovich (1992:24).
23 “ink-black hair”… “large dark eyes” Bulletin (Sydney), September 28, 1895:12. Quoted in Shillingsburg (1988a:48).
23 the loveliest girl From Pond’s journal. Gribben and Karanovich (1992:11).
23 Clemens was pleased On June 11 he wrote to Pond: “I like the approximate itinerary first rate. It is lake, all the way from Cleveland to Duluth.” Pond (1900:200).
23 “I have seen no boat in Europe” MTN:244.
23-24 “A small, peculiar, fine-grained sandstone” Pond (1900:202).
24 “The Madam will have no cause to complain” Ibid.
24 “A man may, indeed, shave himself” Elmira Telegram, July 7, 1895.
24 “groups of summer-dressed young people” MTN:244.
24 the warm greeting was for himself Paine’s editorial comment, MTN:245.
24-25 The New-York Times The hyphen in “New-York” remained on the paper’s masthead until December of the following year, a few months after Adolph S. Ochs bought the paper.
25 The average annual wage Statistics from Schlereth (1991:52, 78).
25 In Elmira Prices from advertisements in Elmira Telegram, July 14, 1895; Elmira Daily Advertiser, July 13, 1895; The Elmira Weekly Advertiser, July 12, 1895; and Elmira Daily Gazette and Free Press, July 13, 1895.
25 to raise another $70,000 Paine (1912:985), citing interview with HHRinl908.
25 “I need not dream of paying it” Ibid.
25 But… “he stuck to it” Ibid.
25 In 1995 dollars The U.S. Consumer Price Index was 18.27 times higher in 1995 than in 1895. It rose from 25 in 1895 to 116.3 in 1970, with 1967 = 100 (U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1975:210-11) and from 38.8 in 1970 to 152.4 in 1995, with 1982-84 = 100 (U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1996:483).
27 a woman in the audience suffered a heart attack The Sault Ste. Marie News, July 20, 1895:1. The paper, which did not suggest laughing as having precipitated the heart attack, reported that the woman was carried to her room and that “no serious result” was anticipated. She had come all the way from Iron Mountain, about 185 miles west of Sault Ste. Marie.
27 One horse produces five tons of manure a year Spence (1978:29)
27 the hotel dining room McKee (1981:54-55) describes the dining room c. 1895. He does not specify the tunes played by the orchestra, but Victor Herbert was popular at the time.
28 many changes of clothing Petersen (1973:59).
28 buttercup satin, with cream lace … white figured silk Sydney Mail, September 28, 1895:636. Shillingsburg (1988a:50).
29 One advantage of the large amount of clothing Randall (1989:139-55), on which my description of the dirtying and cleaning of clothes is based.
29 sixteen pieces of hand luggage Pond (1900:208).
29 “so thick as to be almost stifling” Ibid.:204.
30 “The scheme to get people to do reportorial work” The Daily Resorter, July 21, 1895. Quoted by Reed (1970:19).
30 “This is too bad” SLC to Major James B. Pond, July 21, 1895. Published in Reed (1970).
30 The Petoskey Record According to Reed (1970), the note was published in the July 31, 1895 issue.
30 hundreds of sailing boats and steamers Gribben and Karanovich (1992:5).
30 “I am very glad9 indeed” The Statesman (Duluth), July 23, 1895:6.
30 reluctant to laugh Fatout (1960:20).
30 he felt secure about his first program SLC to HHR, July 29, 1895. Leary (1969:177).
30 He found it thirty-five minutes too long. Ibid.
30 “Thus far…I have had more people in three opera houses” Ibid.
31 the young Stephen Leacock He told about his meeting with Clemens in Leacock (1935).
31 Clemens added his name to a petition Daily World (Vancouver), August 12, 1895.
31 Maria Barbella Sometimes referred to as Maria Barberi. Her story is based on NYT July 8, 1895:8; July 16, 1895:1; July 17, 1895:5; July 18, 1895:12; July 19, 1895:2; July 20, 1895:8; July 23, 1895:8; July 24, 1895:1, 4; July 31, 1895:3; August 1, 1895:3; August 3, 1895:14; August 8, 1895:3, 4; August 14, 1895:4; August 16, 1895:12; August 18, 1895:4; December 11, 1896:9.
31 “I have read all about the case” Ibid.
31 “Only hogs marry” NYT December 11, 1896:9.
32 “the evidence produced” NYT July 19, 1895:2.
32 “because what she did” NYT August 14, 1895:4. The minister was the Rev. R. R Michaels of the Lexington Avenue Baptist Church. His reasoning, commented The New-York Times, would justify lynching.
32 “For Gov. Morton to pardon the murderess” NYT July 24 1895:4.
32 “All that is apparent” NYT August 16, 1895:12.
32 “as though it had been a pleasure” NYT December 11, 1896.
33 the finest in the Northwest Daily Times (Crookston), July 24, 1895.
33 “But I won’t without their consent” SLC to HHR, July 29, 1895. Leary (1969:177).
33 “the servant girl and the hired man” Daily Times (Crookston), July 25, 1895.
33 As to municipal services McCulla and Wright (1979:5).
34 Its ladders were chained and padlocked Ibid.:29.
34 “this is the first and will probably be the last” Daily Times (Crookston), July 22, 1895.
34 a rave review Daily Times (Crookston), July 25, 1895.
34 “Fm stealing a moment” SLC to HHR, July 29,1895. Leary (1969:177).
34 about twenty new items Fatout (1960:246).
34 not entirely reasonable From Pond’s journal. Gribben and Karanovich (1992:7).
34 “He insisted on traveling” Pond (1900:208).
34 Clara snapped the scene Photograph reproduced in Gribben and Karanovich (1992:42).
35 the fields green with wheat “The level prairies of North Dakota wheat just turning, and the whole country a lovely green.” Pond (1900:208-9).
35 “the extortions from porters” Ibid.:210.
35 changed his watch for the third time MTP:NB35.
35 sitting in front of a tarpaper shack Photograph in Gribben and Karanovich (1992:53).
35-36 a young cowboy MTN:246.
36 Clemens would likely not have been sorry MTP:NB35. Paine amended the entry so that Clemens appeared thankful the cowboy had not been killed (MTN:246).
36 “escorted Mrs. Clemens and Clara” Pond (1900:210).
36 “intellectual and dressed in perfect taste” MTN:246.
36 “a fine club” Pond (1900:210).
36 probably the Silver Bow Club According to Everett (1995), Clemens is reported to have drunk toddies at the Silver Bow Club until 4:30 in the morning. The venue is more likely than the time he left it.
36 “hot Scotch, winter and summer” Pond (1900:210).
36-37 the rawness and bleakness of the town My description of Butte and its mines in the 1890s is based on Davis (1921), Federal Writers Project (1939), and particularly Emmons (1989).
39 “Mark Twain cigars” Anaconda Standard, August 2, 1895:2.
39 “that he could have had a hand in the fake holdup” Shoebotham (1956).
40 Clemens “wasn’t a bit scared or excited” From Paine’s interview with Gillis in 1907. Paine (1912:299).
40 His treasure … did not lie in heaven Ibid.
40 “mad clear through” Ibid.:300.
40 a necklace of diamonds and rubies Worn by Mrs. William A. Clark. Kelly (1983:38).
40 “The manager was short about sixty dollars” Pond (1900:211).
40 “And you took the last cent” Ibid.
41 formal, stag affairs Fatout (1976:xix).
41 “Hold on a minute” Pond (1900:212).
42 “Let’s see. That — was — before” Ibid. 42 “up quite a mountain” Ibid.
42 “the first sign of the decadence of the horse” Ibid.:213.
42 Pond photographed the scene. The photograph is reproduced in Gribben and Karanovich (1992:59).
42 the death of the horse NYT July 14, 1895:17.
42 Merchants in Chicago The Elmira Weekly Advertiser, July 12, 1892.
42 “the cycle will stay” NYT August 14, 1895:17.
43 “Mr. Clemens … it’s remarkable” Paine (1912:767).
43 “You will not regret it, if you live” Twain (1917d:296). According to Paine, who edited the collection in which the essay appears, Clemens wrote it in the mid-1880s.
43 A reporter from the Argus September 27, 1895:5.
43 two and a half million pounds of manure Schlereth (1991:20).
44 “too tired to express disgust” Pond (1900:215/5).
44 the Twenty-fifth U. S. Colored Regiment Not the 27th, as reported by Pond (Cohen, 1982; Coleman, 1953).
44 “one of the finest military bands in America” Pond (1900:215).
44 Clemens confessed to his journal MTP:NB35.
44 “colored soldiers were more subordinate” Pond (1900:215).
44 Clemens noted in his journal MTP:NB35.
44 an acceptable fact of life Logan (1965).
45 two black prisoners My account of their lynching is from NYT July 15, 1895:8.
45 more than 150 lynchings per year Statistics from the NAACP, as reported in The Encyclopedia Americana, International Edition (1994), entry on lynching.
45 “That’s right” Schlereth (1991:15).
45 an encyclopedia of American lynching Clemens, fearing that the project would destroy the market for his books in the South, withdrew his proposal, but he was ashamed of doing so. Hoffman (1997:439).
45 “The United States of lyncherdom” Twain (1923b). According to Paine, who edited the collection in which the essay appears, Clemens wrote it in 1901.
46 The settlers claimed NYT July 28, 1895:2.
46 The Bannocks interfered with their livelihood. NYT August 14, 1895:9.
46 A federal treaty NYT July 25, 1895:1.
46 “Among the laziest and most worthless redskins” NYT July 30, 1895:2.
47 Wyoming’s governor Madsen (1958).
47 In pursuit of this scheme My account of the shooting of the six Bannock Indians relies on Madsen (1958).
47 One man, shot four times His fate and that of the wounded youth are from NYT August 31, 1895:12.
47 “not fit to kill anything15 Ibid.
47 two infants From Madsen (1958).
47 Fears were expressed NYT July 22, 1895:1.
47 Indians were gathering near Jackson Hole NYT July 23, 1895:5.
48 the Bannocks had killed three settlers NYT July 25, 1895:1. 48 “the backward Bannocks” NYT July 24, 1895:4.
48 the Bannocks had murdered all the settlers NYT July 27, 1895:1.
48 the Indian scare was over NYT August 3, 1895:3.
48 eager to pick a fight with them NYT July 30, 1895:2.
48 in order to defend themselves NYT August 3, 1895:3.
48 failed to indict NYT November 17, 1895:9.
48 “far more important to maintain the faith of the Nation” NYT May 26, 1896:4.
48 the Bannocks agreed to relinquish Madsen (1958).
49 In 1885 he wrote to President Cleveland Foner (1958:237). 49 “enjoying everything” Pond (1900:216).
49 One reporter observed Spokane Daily Chronicle, August 7, 1895.
50 An essay Clemens had just published Fenimore Cooper’s literary offenses. North American Review, July 1895.
50 “asphalt streets, electric lights” Pond (1900:216).
50 “It seems to be about the only thriving industry” Ibid.
50 “Stealthily guests came in” Ibid.:217.
50 the largest theater stage in the United States. Kalez (1972).
50 brilliantly colored leaded glass Hyslop (1983).
51 “picking oakum” Hyde (1963). Wilde was not sent to Reading Gaol until November of 1895.
51 “Oh, how I do wish” Pond (1900:217-18).
51 “another overgrown metropolis” Ibid.
51 “Really, your scenery is wonderful” Burnet (1951:194).
51 “each time it seemed” Pond (1900:219).
51 “That story lacks a good deal” The Sunday Oregonian, August 11, 1895.
52 “I am a perpetual smoker myself” Pond (1900:219). 52 he felt it a privilege to lecture again Burnet (1951:194). 52 Clemens had “found his friends” Pond (1900:220).
52 “vigorously puffing a cigar” Burnet (1951:196).
52 a successful run of H.M.S. Pinafore Burnet (1951:187).
52 “Haf you been to Heidelberg?” Seattle Post-Intelligencer, August 14, 1895.
52 “one of those strange medleys” Ibid.
52 “a fellow oughtn’t to be too severe on a man” Seattle Post-Intelligencer, August 14, 1895. The paper printed “in a man,” not “on a man,” probably a typo.
53 forest fires were so close Burnet (1951:191).
53 “You’ll never play a trick like this on me again” Pond (1900:220).
53 Cascade Club Anecdote from Burnet (1951:191-93).
54 “a stretch of 18 miles” MTN:248.
54 “electric light is only turned on at a certain hour” Burnet (1951:193).
54 “There is a rumor afloat” Pond (1900:221).
54 “He is … a thoroughred” Ibid.
54 “very English” Ibid.
54 “convulsed at times” Burnet (1951:200).
55 “The smoke is so dense” SLC to HHR, August 19, 1895. Leary (1969:186).
55 “I was very anxious about him” OLC to HHR, August 17, 1895. Ibid.: 183.
55 “Mrs. Clemens is curing him” Pond (1900:221).
55 “made the fortune of my life” Neider (1959:174).
56 “Lecturing … is gymnastics” Pond (1900:225).
56 “I shall arrive next January” SLC to Kipling, August 16, 1895. Published in MTN:248.
56 A statement to The New-York Times NYT August 17, 1895:8.
57 Clemens had earned $5,000 Paine (1912:1004).
57 “very plain and unpious language” Pond (1900:222).
58 “Here ends one of the smoothest” Pond (1900:221).
58 “superannuated” SLC to HHR, September 13-15, 1895. Leary (1969:188).
58 “I mean to write my book” SLC to HHR, February 5, 1896. Leary (1969:192).
59 Clemens wished MTN:249.
59 a kitten walked across the stage Ibid.
59 the Canadian-Australian Royal Mail Hamilton (1956).
59 The accident The account is based on the report in the Victoria Daily Colonist, August 11, 1895.
60 A few fishermen Victorian Daily Colonist, August 11, 1895.
60 A maritime inquiry Its conclusions were reported in the Daily World (Vancouver), August 19, 1895.
60 the passengers’ letter to him Reported in the Daily World (Vancouver), August 12, 1895.
61 “Our young captain” FTE:I,2-3.
61 the damage was found to be much greater The Sydney Morning Herald, September 12, 1895.
61 The money spent to repair the vessel Hamilton (1956).
61 Arundell was not on board Victoria Daily Colonist, November 13, 1895.
61 “If perpetual smoking” Pond (1900:224).
61 “came into the world asking for a light” Twain (1917a:275).
61 “never to smoke when asleep” Twain (1923a:258).
61 The manuscript I am indebted to my daughter, Lisa Philip, for pointing out the faint smell of smoke.
61 “brave it through” Pond (1900:224).
61 Pond photographed the three Glemenses Photograph in Gribben and Karanovich (1992:77).
62 A subsequent snapshot Photograph in Gribben and Karanovich (1992: 78).
65 The small boat OLG to Susy Clemens, August 30, 1895. Harnsberger (undated:127).
66 without any help from longshoremen SLC to HHR, September 13-15, 1895. Leary (1969:187).
66 the consumption of poisoned fish The Morning Herald, September 17, 1895; The Sydney Mail, September 21, 1895. A similar story appeared in London, based on a report cabled from Auckland on September 13. A steamer, just arrived from Hawaii, brought a report that the deaths were caused by poisoned food consumed at a luau. The Times (London), September 14, 1895:5.
66 sixty-two victims had died of cholera An official statement of the cholera outbreak communicated by the Hawaiian Consul-General in London. The Times (London), October 26, 1895:10.
66 “just as silky and velvety” MTN:249.
66 Paine … likened Clemens’s banishment Ibid.:250.
66 “If I might I would go ashore” Ibid.:249.
66 “The old imitation pomps” FTE:I,32.
66 “eternal monotonies” Ibid.:40.
66-67 “We had the whole Pacific Ocean” Ibid.:2.
67 Of the more than eighty officers and men New South Wales State Archives, Sydney. Inwards Passenger Lists, 31 August-31 October 1895, Reel 529.
68 the minimum of fourteen knots Hamilton (1956).
68 “easily ran” Ibid.
68 The British chief engineer FTE:II,2.
69 “A flight of silver fruit-knives” Ibid.:I,39.
69 “violent exercise” SLC to HHR, September 14, 1895. Leary (1969:187).
69 “It will take a century” FTE:I,44.
69 “Champion of the South Seas” SLC to HHR, September 14, 1895. Leary (1969:187). In FTE (142), Clemens wrote that the game was to determine the “Champion of the Pacific.”
69 “charming” SLC to HHR, September 13-15,1895. Leary (1969:187).
69 Clemens recorded numerous gripes MTP:35; FTE:I,2.
69 “furnished by the Deity” Ibid.
70 “pretty cheerful” OLG to Susan L. Crane, September 5, 1895. Hoffman (1997:407).
70 “we have come far from the snake liar” FTE:I,10.
71 “an enormously rich brewer” Ibid.:47.
72 “brilliant blue and green” FTE:I,66.
72 Suva’s rain The story of Louie is taken from Derrick (1957:218-19).
73 sort of hermit-crab formality” FTE:I,70. 73 “a neat retort” Ibid.
73 Contemporary sources Summarized by Howe (1984:261).
73 He is said to have clubbed to death These and the other cruelties cited are from Howe (984:261).
73 “The whites who have come to Fiji” Cakobau, quoted in Grattan (1963:476).
73 “notable monument” FTE:I,69.
74 an editorial The Fiji Times, September 9, 1995.
74 “In order to protect themselves” Sir John B. Thurston, Letter to the Editor, The Times (London), September 6, 1895:8.
74 “noble and beautiful view” FTE:I,68.
75 red enough to make one blink Ibid. 75 “afmerace”FTE:I,71.
75 “only sixty years ago” Ibid.:67.
75 carved wooden club Clara Clemens (1931:143).
76 “a British substitute” Grattan (1963:479).
77 its carrying capacity The Warrimoo was 3,528 gross tons (Hamilton 1956). Our vessel was 17,176 gross tons.
77 “Atlantic seas on to-day” SLC to HHR, September 15, 1895. Leary (1969:188).
78 Many remedies were Brinnin (1971:514-15).
78 “the most time-honored method” Brinnin (1971:515). 78 “We all like to see people seasick” Twain (1911:1,29).
78 one hundred years to the day The Warrimoo anchored at 11:00 P.M., September 15, but the Clemenses did not disembark until the next morning. We landed on September 16.
79 The Clemenses were at breakfast Shillingsburg (1988a:26). 79 Clemens praised the harbor Ibid.
79 “the darling of Sydney” FTE:I,84 79 “towers and spires” Ibid.:85.
79 “I don’t know” The Sydney Morning Herald, September 16, 1895:5. Quoted in Shillingsburg (1988a:24).
80 “settled his fortune on his wife” O’Rell (1895:307).
80 “I can disgrace myself nearer home” The Sydney Morning Herald, September 16, 1895:5. Quoted in Shillingsburg (1988a:24).
80 “twaddle” Evening News (Sydney), September 16, 1895:4. Quoted in Shillingsburg (1988a:26-27).
80 “a delicate hand” Ibid. Quoted in Shillingsburg (1988a:51).
81 “Don’t forget my soulful eyes” The Sydney Mail, September 21, 1895:590.
81 “After a few attempts at questions” Low (1908). Quoted in Shillingsburg (1988a:25).
81 “I’ll meet you at the Australia” Ibid. Quoted in Shillingsburg (1988a:27).
81 “display of glass unrivalled in the colonies” Handbook published in 1893 by the Australia Hotel, page 21. Mitchell Library, Sydney.
81 It is likely that the reporter … was Low. Shillingsburg (1988a:28).
81 “blocked by a veritable race of genteel cadgers” Low (1908). Quoted in Shillingsburg (1988a:28).
82 “Mr. Clemens was delighted” The Sydney Daily Telegraph, September 17, 1895:5. Quoted in Shillingsburg (1988a:29).
82 The contest was particularly bitter The Times (London), July 20, 1895:7.
82 “Surely it is wrong” The Sydney Daily Telegraph, September 17,1895:5. Quoted in Shillingsburg (1988a:29).
82 Local icons Friedman (1996).
83 “The Australians did not seem to me” FTE:I,99.
83 “let the Government own the land” The Sydney Daily Telegraph, September 17, 1895:5. Quoted in Shillingsburg (1988a:30).
83 “he wants plenty of protection” Australian Star, September 17, 1895:4. Quoted in Shillingsburg (1988a:31).
83 “it is easy to see that they are able men” Sunday Times (Sydney), September 22, 1895:4. Quoted in Shillingsburg (1988a:31).
83 “His forte is pathos” The Argus (Melbourne), September 17, 1895:5. Quoted in Shillingsburg (1988a:32).
84 “Harte read all the MS” SLC to Charles H. Webb, November 26, 1870. Fischer and Frank (1995:248).
84 “trimmed & trained & schooled me” SLC to Thomas Bailey Aldrich, January 27, 1871. Fischer and Frank (1995:316).
84 “nearly blemishless” Clemens’s annotated copy of Harte’s The Luck of Roaring Camp, and Other Sketches (1870). Quoted by Booth (1954:494).
84 “I will ‘top’ Bret Harte again or bust” SLC to Orion Clemens, March 11, 1871. Fischer and Frank (1995:351).
85 literary doldrums Duckett (1964:115).
85 “Tell Mrs. Clemens” Bret Harte to SLC, December 16, 1876. MTR Quoted by Kaplan (1966:203).
85 “The holy passion of Friendship” Twain (1922:56).
86 “I think it would be better” Sunday Times (Sydney), September 22, 1895:4. Quoted in Shillingsburg (1988a:36).
86 in Australia, Harte’s work was popular Shillingsburg (1988a:34).
86 “a mild … form of advertising” The Argus (Melbourne), September 20, 1895:6. Quoted in Shillingsburg (1988a:35).
86 “crammed from floor to ceiling” Ibid. Quoted in Shillingsburg (1988a:41).
87 “an old friend — a personal friend” The Sydney Daily Telegraph, September 20, 1895:5. Quoted in Shillingsburg (1988a:41).
87 “such an ovation” Australian Star, September 23, 1895:3. Quoted by Shillingsburg (1988a:41-42).
87 “he made up his mind” Lawton (1972:269).
88 “I went out at the window” Twain (1911:1,174). 88 “lecture-doubles” FTE:I,127.
88 “if the people should say” Ibid.
88 The 1881 letter Paine (1912:711).
88 his splendid Elizabethan house Salamo and Smith (1997:432).
88 “Being dead I might be excused” Paine (1912:711).
90 “day of public humiliation and prayer” The Argus (Melbourne), September 20, 1895.
90 “So far, however, [Man] hasn’t learned them” The Bulletin (Sydney), September 21, 1895.
90 per capita beer consumption Finley et al. (1992:62).
90 Canon Taylor The Argus (“Melbourne), September 20, 1895.
90 Pipes from the roof The Sydney Morning Herald, September 17, 1895.
90 “for the Scriptures tell us” The Argus (Melbourne), September 20, 1895.
91 “the brightest passenger in the ship” FTE:I,4.
91 In a journal entry from Melbourne MTP:NB35.
92 “Advance Australia” Shillingsburg (1988a:40).
92 his book of poems Sonnets and Other Verse, London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner, & Co., 1895. Ibid.:38.
92 he had lost his second wife OLG to Susan L. Crane, November 3, 1895. Quoted in Potts and Potts (1978:47).
92 horrified many Australians Shillingsburg (1988a:50).
92 “He said he could have married” OLG to Susan L. Crane, November 3, 1895. Quoted in Potts and Potts (1978:47).
92 Parkes’s career Biographical details from The Times (London), April 27, 1896:11; April 28, 1896:13.
93 “his whole time was so sacredly devoted” J. Henniker Heaton, Letter to the Editor, The Times (London), April 28, 1896:13.
94 “gaily decorated with flags and evergreens” Evening News (Sydney), September 24, 1895:3. Quoted in Shillingsburg (1988a:49).
94 Clara thought the bouquets Clemens (1931:143).
94 “I don’t know what would become of me” SLC to HHR, September 25, 1895. Leary (1969:188-89).
94 “Land of the Ornithorhyncus” Clemens’s routine from Fatout (1960:253).
94 composed while still in British Columbia Scott (1966:111) gives the date as August 22,1895, the day before the Clemenses boarded the Warrimoo.
94 “Come forth from thy oozy couch” FTE:I,78-79.
94 He introduced this routine Shillingsburg (1988a:45).
95 “with what seems to be a new carbuncle” SLC to HHR, September 25, 1895. Leary (1969:188).
95 “We have had a darling time” Ibid.
96 one of Australia’s most experienced … theatrical managers Shillingsburg (1988a:60-61).
96 signed with Smythe for a tour SLC to J. H. Harper, April 23, 1895. Leary (1969:143).
96 “I have to-day written his lecture-agent” SLC to HHR, February 3, 1895. Ibid.:127.
96 “More Mental Telegraphy” SLC to HHR, February 12, 1895. Ibid.:130-31.
96 The brief article Shillingsburg (1988a:13).
97 A blitz of posters Ibid.:23.
97 “clean and fine and new” FTE:I,119.
97 “They are of a blueness not to be paralleled” Evening News (Melbourne), September 26, 1895:2. Quoted in Shillingsburg (1988a:58).
97 “a wonderful color — just divine” FTE:I,121.
97 really piles of dead rabbits This joke first appears in Clemens’s journal entry for November 5, 1895, with respect to New Zealand’s Southern Alps, which he saw from the train en route from Bluff to Invercargill. MTP:NB34.
97 “Long exposure and the over-ripe condition of the rabbits” FTE:I,121.
97 “they might as well propose a Bill” “The Rabbit War in Australia,” The Times (London), December 28, 1895:12. This is the basis for my summary of governmental efforts to exterminate rabbits in New South Wales up to 1895.
98 “the oddest thing, the strangest thing” FTE:I,119-20.
98 “I believe in early rising” Herald (Melbourne), September 26, 1895:1 (second edition). Quoted in Shillingsburg (1988a:54-57).
98 possibly Herbert Low Shillingsburg (1988a:54).
99 The greeting party Ibid.:59.
99 Clemens may not have known Ibid.:60.
100 greeted with special sympathy Ibid.:20.
100 “clouds of tobacco smoke” The Age (Melbourne), September 27, 1895:6. Quoted in Shillingsburg (1988a:62).
100 Clemens, who had not slept well Shillingsburg (1988a:62-63).
100 “to prevent crushing and inconvenience” Evening News (Melbourne), September 24, 1895:1. Quoted in Shillingsburg (1988a:63).
100 some people had to sit on the stage Shillingsburg (1988a:62-63).
100 a voice from the gallery The Argus (Melbourne), September 28, 1895:7. Shillingsburg (1988a:65).
100 “The doctor asks the questions, generally” Twain (1911:1,303).
100 “Is — is — he dead?” Ibid.:I,305.
100 “That gentleman in the higher stage-box” The Argus (Melbourne), September 28, 1895:7.
101 Some parishioners may have thought Shillingsburg (1988a:63).
101 “The young men of Australia” Australian Weekly, October 4,1895:8. Quoted in Shillingsburg (1988a:63).
101 “a stolid Englishman” The Advocate (Melbourne), October 5, 1895:14. Quoted in Shillingsburg (1988a:69).
101 “with a storm of applause” The Argus (Melbourne), September 30, 1895:6. Quoted in Shillingsburg (1988a:66).
101 Changes in Australian immigration policy Horvath, Harrison, and Dowling (1989:78).
101 a language other than English Based on the 1986 census. Ibid.:80.
102 “reminds me of its company occasionally” The Australasian (Melbourne), October 5, 1896:615. Quoted in Shillingsburg (1988a:70).
102 compared favorably with those on Regent Street The Ballarat Star, October 19, 1895.
102 Smythe canceled the Bendigo performances Shillingsburg (1988a:71-72).
102 “tea and chatter party” The Australasian (Melbourne), October 5, 1895:663. Quoted in Shillingsburg (1988a:71).
102 “charmed everyone” Ibid.
103 “The study of wall-paper patterns” Parsons (1961:456).
103 He stayed out of public view. Shillingsburg (1988a:72).
103 “the table, table-ware & decorations beautiful” MTP:NB35. Quoted in Shillingsburg (1988a:72).
103 “who was going out on circuit” FTE:1,139.
103 “Adelaide threw a short railway” Ibid.:I,140.
104 an mcrease of public curiosity” The Advertiser (Adelaide), October 12, 1895:4. Quoted in Shillingsburg (1988a:74).
104 Adelaide’s papers Shillingsburg (1988a:79-80).
104 “will hand him over” Quiz and Lantern, October 3, 1895:3. Quoted in Shillingsburg (1988a:80).
104 Shopkeepers displayed photographs Shillingsburg (1988a:80).
104 “Innocents at Home” The Advertiser (Adelaide), October 14, 1895.
104 The crowd that gathered The Advertiser (Adelaide), October 14,1895.
104 “The trees, shrubs, plants, and flowers” The Advertiser (Adelaide), October 14, 1895.
105 he had smuggled his carbuncle The South Australian Register (Adelaide), October 14, 1895:6. Reprinted in Budd (1977:57).
105 “a constant protest” The Advertiser (Adelaide), October 14, 1895.
105 “There is a frankness” The South Australian Register (Adelaide), October 14, 1895:6. Reprinted in Budd (1977:58).
105 “religious and peaceable” The Advertiser (Adelaide), October 14, 1895.
105 the nation’s highest murder rate Lane (1997:350).
105 “much of the talk is exaggerated” The South Australian Register (Adelaide), October 14, 1895:6. Reprinted in Budd (1977:63).
105 “poor, hardworking, industrious” Ibid.
105 “a lively, self-possessed, frank, chatty young lady” The South Australian Register, October 14, 1895.
105 “a great roar of applause” The Advertiser (Adelaide), October 14, 1895.
106 Such a greeting Ibid.
106 “The doctor says I am on the verge” Paine (1912:1010).
106 “presumed they were intended for him” The Advertiser (Adelaide), October 14, 1895.
106 “electric-lighting in the Streets of Adelaide” Ibid.
106 “bored poor Mark Twain almost to death” Quiz and Lantern, October 24, 1895:6. Quoted in Shillingsburg (1988a:82).
106 probably retained only the original walls. Fischer (1960:97).
106 The “South” Marsden, Stark, and Sumerling (1990).
106 the public clamored to buy its bricks Ibid.
107 three-story veranda The Clemenses did not see the veranda, which was added in 1900. Burden (1983:213).
108 forced Clemens to reverse his route Shillingsburg (1988a:92).
108 thirty-five pounds Ibid.:92.
108 The secretary … and another young man Ibid.:93.
108 known for its lofty ceilings Brooke and Finch (1982:108). 108-9 “a very handsome cottonwood” FTE:I,185.
109 “The air was fine and pure and exhilarating” Ibid.: 186.
109 Like his brother Maunders and Jaggs (1989).
109 He took over the college in 1890 The early history of the college is based on Maunders and Jaggs (1989).
109 candy … and flowers OLG to Susy Clemens, October 20, 1895. Harnsberger (1960:155).
109 “all manner of fruits” FTE:I,188.
110 “clipped off a sample of the sheep’ Ibid.:I,189.
110 Most were sixteen years old The composition of the student body and its implications are taken from Maunders and Jaggs (1989).
110 “a strange thing” FTE:I,188.
110 the “real” Australia Sherington (1989:xv).
110 agriculture represents a smaller and smaller component Reuters, The Jerusalem Post, July 15, 1998:8.
110 impressive changes McWaters (1989).
111 “only the shear in the shed” The Stawell News and Pleasant Creek Chronicle, September 19, 1895.
111 “never talked to a more enthusiastic audience” OLG to Susy Clemens, October 20, 1895. Harnsberger (1960:155).
112 It was probably in Stawell Shillingsburg (1988a:97fn7) plausibly locates the anecdote there.
112 “toddled off, contented with the world” Clemens (1931:148).
113 an entourage like that of the Cleraenses’ Shillingsburg (1988a:98).
114 “marvelously interesting creatures” FTE:I,183.
114 The Aborigine’s “place in art” Ibid.:180-81.
115 feats of tracking FTE:I,140-41. 115 skill in throwing Ibid.: 158-59. 115 “fat wooden cigar” Ibid.:167.
115 “such unapproachable trackers” Ibid.:168. 115 “race-aversion” Ibid.: 168-69.
115 “so smart and generally competent” The Bulletin (Sydney), September 21, 1895:13.
115 “those naked, skinny aboriginals” FTE:I,168.
115 “They were lazy — always lazy” Ibid.:1,169.
116 the story of a settler FTE:I,172. Clemens quoted from Mrs. Campbell Praed’s Sketches of Australian Life.
117 “Until last week” Evening Star (Geelong), October 22, 1895:3. Quoted in Shillingsburg (1988a:120).
117 “that his lecturer did not travel” Otago Daily Times (Dunedin), November 9, 1895:2. Quoted in Shillingsburg (1988a:88-89).
117 Carlyle Greenwood Smythe Biographical data from Shillingsburg (1988a:99).
118 “the finest thing in Australasian history” FTE:I,195.
118 Three survivors Shillingsburg (19S8a:102).
119 “stretched out at full length” CW/>r (Ballarat), October 21, 1895:4. Quoted in Shillingsburg (1988a:102).
119 an hour of drollery Shillingsburg (1988a:102-3).
119 “warm-hearted, genial, sympathetic, and appreciative” The Ballarat Star, October 21, 1895:8.
119 “Every kind of wall-paper you possess” The Ballarat Courier, October 21, 1895:4.
119 It was not nostalgia Frank Cusack, Bendigo historian, as reported in The Bendigo Advertiser, May 4, 1991:12.
119 according to legend Finlay et al. (1992:689).
120 Clemens complained to his journal MTP:NB34. 120 He groused Ibid.
120 “He was an Irishman” FTE:I,203. The story is given in FTE:I,202-9.
121 meeting the man from the Mark Twain Club of Ireland MTP:NB34.
121 Today’s Shamrock Hotel Finlay et al. (1992:687).
121 “AU Australia … is simply bedamned” FTE:I,253.
122 “The prices of admission” The Advertiser (Bendigo), October 24, 1895:3. Quoted in Shillingsburg (1988a:107).
122 “one of the finest panoramas” Shillingsburg (1988a: 108), who quotes a statement by the Edwardses’ daughter, published in the Bendigo Branch of the Royal Historical Society’s News Letter, May 1974.
122 Clemens looked at his hosts Ibid.: 109.
123 “Any town that has a good many votes” FTE:I,253.
123 “It might be a little behind” The Maryborough andDunolly Advertiser, October 25, 1895.
123 Clemens … hoped it would be chimeiess The Maryborough and Dunolly Advertiser, October 28, 1895.
125 an entry in Clemens’s journal MTP:NB34.
125 “A man who was travelling with [Clemens]’ The Bulletin (Sydney), April 28, 1910:9. Quoted in ShilHngsburg (1988b:29)
126 Clemens vented his displeasure FTE:I,252-55. 126 Clemens was tired ShilHngsburg (1988a:115). 126 in the early evening Ibid.: 116.
126 “How I edited an agricultural paper” Twain (1917b).
126 “I recognize that in lifting Mr. Dow” Otago Daily Times (Dunedin), November 9, 1895.
127 “thoroughly well qualified” The Age (Melbourne), October 28, 1895:7. Quoted in ShilHngsburg (1988a:l 16-17).
127 “I reckon hot saveloys” Melbourne Punch, October 31, 1895:278. Quoted in ShilHngsburg (1988a:118).
127 “superb house looking on a most beautiful view” OLG to Susan L. Crane, November 3, 1895. Quoted in Potts and Potts (1978:47).
127 “Yesterday we had our four o’clock tea there” OLG to Susan L. Crane, December 26, 1895. Quoted in Potts and Potts (1978:49).
127 John Wagner Biographical details from Sturrock (1990).
128 his name never appearing Ibid.
128 offended some of the Germans in the audience Shillingsburg (19S8a:121-22).
128 greeted by cannon salutes The Times (London), October 26, 1895:5.
128 “It was all very interesting” OLG to Susan L. Crane, November 3, 1895. Quoted in Potts and Potts (1978:47).
128 “inimitable drollery” The Prahan Telegraph, November 2, 1895. Quoted in Shillingsburg (1988a:123).
129 they were sorry to leave Melbourne OLG to Susan L. Crane, November 3, 1895. Quoted in Potts and Potts (1978:47).
129 “pleasant but altogether too short” Ibid.
129 an American woman OLG to Alice Day, April 13,1896. Mark Twain Memorial, Hartford. MTP:typescript.
129 “a glass of wine” OLG to Susan L. Crane, November 3, 1895. Quoted in Potts and Potts (1978:47).
129 “a bower” Ibid.
129 “the oldest people I have ever seen” FTE:I,242.
129 “Seventy is old enough” Ibid.:243.
129 “and could have told stirring tales” Ibid.
129 “wanton slaughter” Ibid.:239.
129-130 “the neatest town that the sun shines on” Ibid.:241.
130 Friends and relatives of people OLG to Alice Day, April 11, 1896. MTP:typescript.
130 “downright sorry” Mercury, November 4, 1895:4. Quoted in Shillingsburg (1988a:126-27).
130 prize kidney beans Parsons (1962:53-54).
130 “I had an idea” Mercury, November 4, 1895:4. Quoted in Shillingsburg (1988a:127-28).
130 The Mararoa left Hobart Shillingsburg (1988:128).
130 Malcolm Ross His interview with Clemens appeared as “A chat with Mark Twain,” in the Otago Daily News (Dunedin), November 6, 1895:4.
130 was asked to entertain the passengers Shillingsburg (1988a: 128).
131 “I shan’t retire from the gratis-platform” Quoted in Fatout (1960:272-73).
135 traditional observances For observances of Guy Fawkes Day in New Zealand at the turn of the century, I am indebted to Aldbridge (1996).
135 continues to commemorate For contemporary observance of Guy Fawkes Day in New Zealand, I am indebted to Albert Smith, Christchurch, personal communication.
136 In his journal entry for that day MTP:NB34.
136 He regretted the change Ibid.
136 “15 minutes after Mark Twain closes his remarks” Parsons (1962:55).
136 A local speculator The Southland Daily News (Invercargill), November 6, 1895.
136 cast-iron façade The Southland Times (Invercargill), February 4,1983. The original façade was replaced with brick in 1926.
136 “small English town” Reed (1969:17).
137 theatergoers rushed for places “The moment the doors were opened a rush for places lasting till nearly eight o’clock set in.” The Southland Daily News (Invercargill), November 5, 1895.
137 “A lovely summer morning” FTE:I,246.
137 “the Australasian National Day” Ibid.:130-31.
138 even from New Zealand MTP:NB34.
138 “the Australian journals contended” Smythe (1898:34).
138 “a spectacle such as is never to be seen” FTE:I,130.
138 “everybody bet on the wrong horse” MTP:NB34. Quoted in Shillingsburg (1988a:131).
138 a solicitor from Christchurch The Southland Daily News (Invercargill), November 6, 1895.
138 “The people are Scotch” FTE:I,246.
138 adopted as colophon George Griffiths, personal communication.
138 perhaps thirty percent Ibid.
138 page after page Nine in all. Of course, some of these names indicate Irish origin. Dunedin’s population is slightly over 100,000, the second-largest city on the South Island after Christchurch.
138 as he wrote in his journal MTP:NB34.
138 “When men want drink” Interview with the Licensing Guardian, New South Wales, as excerpted in MTN:257-59.
139 about an hour before his performance Otago Daily Times, November 7, 1895.
139 “Whether this was a case of cause and effect” Otago Daily Times, November 7, 1895:3. Quoted in Shillingsburg (1988a:135).
139 Dr…. Thomas Moreland Hocken Biographical information from Anonymous (1972), The Dictionary of New Zealand Biography, and Griffiths (1995).
139 “My, how you’ve grown” Parsons (1975/6:3fnl).
140 “there is nothing of the savage in the faces” FTE:I,246. 140 Moko Barrow (1984:46-48, 81-83).
140 “unpleasant and ignoble” FTE:I,246.
140 Maori wood and jade carvings MTP:NB34.
140 “a ghastly curiosity” FTE:I,246.
141 “Nature’s attitude toward all life” MTN:255-56.
141 He amplifed this essay FTE:I,247-48; MTA: 199-200.
141 claimed that he had been wandering about Otago Daily Times, November 8, 1895.
141 a new item From “Mrs. McWilliams and the Lightning.” In The Stolen White Elephant(Boston: James R. Osgood and Company, 1882), 206-16. The story first appeared in The Atlantic Monthly in September 1880.
142 originally scheduled to be the last The Evening Star (Dunedin), November 5,1895:2, reported that on November 6 Clemens “will give the first of his two nights of wit and wisdom in the City Hall.”
142 Clemens wrote to his nephew SLC to Sam Moffett, November 10, 1895. Shillingsburg (1995:23).
142 “the author of ‘The Innocents Abroad’“ Otago Daily Times, November 9, 1895:2.
142 If he was not the father of New Zealand art Entwisle (1984:16).
142 In one of these sketches Both sketches are at the Field-Hodgkins Collection of the Alexander Turnbull Library, Wellington.
142 “suffering the agonies” Otago Witness, November 7, 1895:37.
142 “Think of a town like this” FTE:I,248.
143 “the moderate enjoyment of a reader” The Timaru Herald, November 11, 1895.
143 “such people must have been misinformed” The Timaru Herald, November 11, 1895:3. Quoted in Shillingsburg (1988a:139).
143 “The two are as often as not simultaneous” Sydney Morning Herald, September 17, 1895:5-6.
143 a magnificent new three-masted steamer The SS Elginshire, which ran aground on March 9, 1892. Otago Daily Times, March 10, 1892; The Timaru Herald, March 11 and 21, 1892.
144 “but it is fast enough” FTE:I,249.
144 Demand had been slack Shillingsburg (1988a:143).
144 Dogs attended MTN:261.
145 the Brydone The hotel was named after a pioneer of the frozen meat industry
146 “It was Junior England all the way” FTE:I,256.
147 “the most charming I have seen” The Press (Christchurch), November 13, 1895:5.
146 “the green fields and the trim hedges” Ibid.
146 surprised by the great cities of Australia Ibid.
146 “the negro problem” TheLyttleton Times, November 13, 1895.
146 “colonial audiences at once are friendly” Evening Star (Duned’m), November 14, 1895:3, excerpted from an interview with a Christchurch paper.
146 stamping and cheering Parsons (1962:61).
147 “he left the crops flourishing” The Lyttleton Times, November 16, 1895.
147 the menu Fatout (1976:302).
147 “as large as your great moa” Ibid.
147 “The man said, ‘Where’s the snake?’” Ibid.:303.
147 “Christchurch is an English town” FTE:I,256.
148 Joseph Kinsey Biographical details horn. A Dictionary of New Zealand Biography.
148 “disreputable” Clemens’s inscription, inside front cover of May Kinsey’s copy of Tom Sawyer. The book is owned by the Alexander Turnbull Library, National Library, Wellington.
148 On a rainy night OLG to Joseph Kinsey, November 21, 1895. Letter in the Alexander Turnbull Library, National Library, Wellington.
149 “He says it is his most treasured possession” Ibid.
149 This was Anniversary Day Kirk (1967).
149 removed from service OLG to Joseph Kinsey, November 21, 1895. Letter in the Alexander Turnbull Library, National Library, Wellington.
149 Flora had not been built to the same standard Personal communication from David Graham, Auckland, who served with the Union Company for forty-five years, of which thirty-five were in management positions. He retired as assistant managing director in 1988.
149 “The people who sailed in the Flora” FTE:I,260.
149 “I had a cattle-stall in the main stable” Ibid.:I,261.
149 “we comfort ourselves now” OLG to Joseph Kinsey, November 21, 1895. Letter in the William Turnbull Library, National Library, Wellington.
149 “When the vessel got out into the heavy seas” FTE:I,262.
150 The Union Company would remember Personal communication from David Graham.
151 The Clemenses and Smythe debarked MTP:NB34. 151 “a wee little bridal parlor of a boat” FTE:I,262.
151 The vessel’s master … took special pains Kirk (1967).
151 Newton had demonstrated exceptional ability Ibid. Newton was sailing from Liverpool to Vera Cruz when he encountered the Havana-bound Niagara (NYT, July 14, 1883:1).
151 “as helpless as a cork on the water” Clemens (1931:151).
151 “But he couldn’t stop to talk about it” Ibid.
152 “The current tore through there like a mill-race” PTE:I,262. 152 “noble vast eddies” Ibid.:262-63.
152 “was disgusted” Clemens (1931:152).
152 After about a half hour on the sandbank Local newspapers reported that the sandbanking lasted a half hour around four in the morning. Shillingsburg (1988a:152).
152 “most ‘tarnashun’ place” Nelson Evening Mail, November 18, 1895. Quoted in Shillingsburg (1988a: 152).
152 an interviewer found him holding a report Grace (1924:3).
152 “Pass on” Ibid.:5.
153 “Any one who reads that confession” FTE:I,267.
153 “faithful soldier of Christ” Hill and others (1924:21). The “soldier” was presumably one of the ministers who visited Burgess in his cell.
153 “prelude to Heaven” Hill and others (1924:144).
153 “was as jubilantly happy on the gallows” FTE:I,267.
153 a “fearful blasphemy” Hill and others (1924:115).
153 “if you have flattered yourself Ibid.: 124.
154 At least two books about them These are Burton (1983) and Clune (1959).
154 “I have ever been a faithful comrade in sin” Burton (1983:143).
156 “fine large Briton” MTP:NB34. Quoted in Shillingsburg (1988a:154). 156 Clemens ended his brief service Hoffman (1997:62).
156 “I was once idiot enough” New Zealand Herald (Auckland), November 21, 1895:5.
157 “The grassy crater-summit” FTE:I,268.
157 “I am prepared to swear on oath” Kirk (1967).
158 “the name of Arundell” Ibid.
158 “pathetically out of place” FTE:I,3.
158 they visited the American firm Shillingsburg (1988a: 159).
158 “felt a little burdened” OLG to Susan L. Crane, November 24,1895. Quoted in Potts and Potts (1978:48-49).
159 “vast and beautiful harbor” FTE:I,269.
159 sketched its three humps MTP:NB34.
160 “was an object of thrilling interest” FTE:I,271.
160 “I guess it ought to be shortened” The Poverty Bay Herald (Gisborne), November 27, 1895. Quoted in Parsons (1962:70).
160 occasionally the basket landed upside down Clemens (1931:149).
160 “not here where we have flung out a day” MTN:257.
160 “I do not like it one single bit” Paine (1912:1011).
160 “but the equivalent of scratching a nail” MTP:NB34. Quoted in Shillingsburg (1988a: 163).
160 “We should have preferred” Parsons (1962:71).
160 “for sacrificing himself Ibid.
160 “At Napier” MTN:261.
160 “I wish I had been born with false teeth” FTE:I,273.
160 “one of the best of men” Quoted in Rasmussen (1995:493).
161 “the Church of the Holy Speculators” Kaplan (1966:141).
162 “I think it was a good stroke of luck” Paine (1912:1011-12).
163 “stunning Queen of Sheba style of barmaid” MTN:259.
163 the abundance of workingmen’s holidays FTE:I,155.
163 Mrs. Clemens wrote her daughter Susy OLG to Susy Clemens, December 5, 1895. MTP:typescript (Harnsberger, no date: 137-38).
163 “rationally devised” FTE:I,275.
163 “charming scenery” Ibid.
163 “lots of Maoris” Ibid.:275-76.
164 “a superior breed of savages” Ibid.:276.
164 “a couple of curious war-monuments” Ibid.:278-79.
164 Clemens remembered two monuments The background for the Moutoa Gardens monument is based on Maclean and Phillips (1990:22-24), Smart and Bates (1972:107), and The Encyclopaedia Britannica (1980:IV,950).
166 “the killing of strangers” Twain (1885:203).
167 In a letter to Susy. OLC to Susy Clemens, November 5, 1895. MTP:typescript (Harnsberger, no date: 127).
167 the information in small type Shillingsburg (1988a: 173).
167 “gentle, albeit sometimes jolty, ride” The Evening Post (Wellington), December 10, 1895:3. Quoted in Shillingsburg (1988a:177).
167 “it was difficult to stay in your seat” MTP:NB34, Quoted in Shillingsburg (1988a:177).
167 “they ought to put the milk in the train” Ibid.
167 “with the urbanity of a journalist” The New Zealand Mail (Wellington), December 12,1895:51. Quoted in Shillingsburg (1988a: 174).
168 “for travel is reducing the world” The reporter’s paraphrase of Clemens’s observation. The Evening Post (Wellington), December 10,1895:3.
168 “I was in Australasia” FTE:I,108.
168 “Didn’t know it was custom” MTP:NB34. Quoted in Shillingsburg (1988a:178).
169 “quiet power of description” The Evening Post (Wellington), December 11, 1895:2. Quoted in Shillingsburg (1988a:178).
169 “Well, I didn’t think much of it” The New Zealand Times (Wellington), December 11, 1895:2.
169 “Natives of their own volition” Ibid.
169 “spent the three days partly in walking about” FTE:I,279.
169 The garden For information about Mrs. Ross’s garden, I am indebted to George Kaye, a local historian.
169 Today, on a portion of the site I am grateful to Ian and Hisako Ewing for tracking down the location of Mrs. Ross’s gardens.
169 a hospice serves the terminally ill I am grateful to the staff of Te Omanga Hospice for allowing us to walk through its grounds.
170 “Our stay in New Zealand” FTE:I,279.
171 “three days of paradise” FTE:I,281.
171 “swelling seas and cloudy skies” Parsons (1962:76)
171 “the damnest menagerie” MTN:262.
171 a “burster” Ibid.
171 “The interviewer” MTP:4. Quoted in Shillingsburg (1988a:184).
171 “These towns & people” Ibid. Quoted in Shillingsburg (1988a: 184-85).
172 “I thought the people” Sydney Daily Telegraph, December 20, 1895:6. Quoted in Shillingsburg (1988a:184).
172 “ ‘home/ as they all call England” OLC to Susan L. Crane, December 20, 1895. Quoted in Potts and Potts (1978:49).
172 Justice William Wendeyer … invited the family Potts and Potts (1978:49).
172 “beautifully laid out” FTE:I,108.
172 “plenty of room” Ibid.
172 a shark had seized a boy The New Zealand Mail (Wellington), December 12, 1895, giving a Sydney dateline of December 8.
172 “I… caught [a shark] myself’ MTP:5-6. Quoted in Shillingsburg (1988a:185).
172 “story of his fishing expedition” Palmer (1954:94). Quoted in Shillingsburg (1988a:185-86).
173 Clemens noted reports Shillingsburg (1988a: 185).
173 his fish story FTE:I,109-17.
173 “to-day the United States is practically sovereign” From President Cleveland’s message to Congress, December 17, 1895. Quoted in The Encyclopedia Americana (1953), 27:533.
173 “the American people will deal roughly” Editorial, the New York Sun, quoted in The Times (London), December 20, 1895:5.
174 “when all is said and done” Australian (Melbourne), October 3, 1895. Quoted in Fatout (1976:293).
174 “that he had just arrived in Sydney” Sydney Morning Herald, December 21, 1895:7. Quoted in Shillingsburg (1988a:187).
174 “Whew! it was sweltering” Sydney Daily Telegraph, December 21, 1895:10. Quoted in Shillingsburg (1988a:187).
174 “In bidding his audience good night” Sydney Morning Herald, December 21, 1895:7. Quoted in Shillingsburg (1988a:187-88).
175 “gently waved his hand” Sydney Daily Telegraph, December 23, 1895:6. Quoted in Shillingsburg (1988a:188).
175 “farewell appearances” Shillingsburg (1988a: 189).
175 verses not yet reported by the press Ibid.
175 “He declares unmistakably” Advertiser (Adelaide), December 27, 1895:5. Quoted in Shillingsburg (1988a:191).
176 an official luncheon My account is based on Shillingsburg (1988a:192-95) and Fatout (1976:305-7).
176 “they showed signs of the blightings” FTE:I,155-56.
176 “for the absence of the Minister for War” Advertiser (Adelaide), December 31, 1895:6. Quoted in Shillingsburg (1988a:194).
177 “The Board of Trade” MTN:263.
177 that September’s running of the America’s Cup My account is based on articles and letters in The Times (London): September 16, 1895:7; September 17, 1895:10; September 20, 1895:8; September 24, 1895:8; October 7, 1895:7; November 9, 1895:5; November 12, 1895:5; November 20, 1895:5.
177 “any thought or suggestion of war” Fatout (1976:305).
178 On the last day of 1895 My account of Clemens’s activities on that day relies on Shillingsburg (1988a: 195-96).
178 Clemens reported seeing many ships FTE:II,3.
178 “a little pilot” Ibid.
178 “One must say it very softly” MTN:265.
179 “Australasia governs herself wholly” FTE:II,5.
179 “Australasia is the modern heaven” MTP:18. Quoted in Shillingsburg (1988a: 196).
183 in the shade of canvas awnings MTP:NB37.
183 “the flooding brilliancies of the electric light” FTE:II,6.
183 attributed the custom MTP:NB37.
183 “Peace, everlasting peace” MTN:266.
183 “roasting hot” Ibid.:267.
183 “some ungoverned children” Ibid.:266.
183 “the calm and holy dawn” Ibid.:268.
184 “I am shut up in my cabin” SLC to HHR, January 12, 1896. Leary (1969:190-91).
184 “you only see things like this” The Times of Ceylon, weekly edition, January 16, 1896:56.
184 “that he was in no urgent need” The Overland Ceylon Observer, weekly edition, January 16, 1896:44.
184 “with a tightly rolled umbrella” Parsons (1963).
184 Exhausted by four in the afternoon MTN:NB36.
184 “an alert, gentle, smiling, winning” FTE:II,6.
185 “I can see it to this day” Ibid.:8-9.
187 the dismissal of Mr. LeMesurier The Times of Ceylon, weekly edition, January 16, 1896:45; The Overland Ceylon Observer, January 16, 1896: 31; The Moslem Chronicle (Calcutta), April 11, 1896:162.
187 Clemens noted in his journal MTP:NB36.
187 Smythe hoped to arrange engagements The Times of Ceylon, weekly edition, January 16, 1896:53.
187 “to one who is as well known” Ibid.
188 tour of Colombo MTP:NB36.
188 “The most enchanting day” The Times of India (Bombay), January 23, 1896. Reprinted in Ahluwalia (1996:35).
189 “a poor old ship” FTE:II,11.
189 a bad cough, which confined him to bed MTP:NB36
189 The heat of the cabins OLG to Susan L. Crane, January 17, 18, 24,
1896. MTP:typescript.
189 earlier than expected The Times of India, weekly edition, January 25, 1896:4.
189 “The great humourist is with us” The Times of India, weekly edition, January 25, 1896:12-13.
189 he did not think much of his. MTP:NB36. 189-90 “It seemed such a shame” FTE:II,16.
190 he sent him a polite note. MTP:NB36.
190 “infernal cough” MTN:270.
190 “Irish stew under 14 different French names” MTP:NB36. Quoted by Ahluwalia (1996:9).
190 “Hindu servants yelling orders” MTN:270.
190 “the most fascinating place” OLG to Susan L. Crane, January 24, 1896. Published in Ahluwalia (1996:43).
190 “lest my cough jump on me again” MTN:272.
190 He even postponed an invitation The invitation, for all three Clemenses, was for Thursday, January 23. MTP:NB36; The Times of India (Bombay), January 23, 1896, reprinted in Ahluwalia (1996:35).
190 a brilliant evening reception It was held Wednesday night, January 22. The Times of India, weekly edition, January 25, 1896:9.
191 “However, there may be some advantage” The Bombay Gazette, January 23, 1896:5. Reprinted in Budd (1977:64).
191 “I work very regularly when I work at all” The Times of India (Bombay), January 23, 1896. Reprinted in Ahluwalia (1996:34).
191 “Yes” I am not for one moment going to pretend” The Bombay Gazette, January 23, 1896. Reprinted in Budd (1977:65-66).
191 “mere fluff and foam” The Times of India (Bombay), January 23,1896. Reprinted in Ahluwalia (1996:34).
192 “I haven’t seen anything yet” Ibid.:35.
192 1,400 persons Mutalik (1978).
192 “by almost every prominent citizen of Bombay” The Times of India, weekly edition, February 1, 1896:5.
192 The audience was mainly European Ibid.
192 “Mark Twain was there not as a stranger” The Bombay Gazette, January 25, 1896:5.
193 “Bombay! A bewitching place” FTE:II,11. 193 “barbaric gorgeousnesses” Ibid.:21.
193 “Father … seemed like a young boy” Clemens (1931:153).
193 Gandhi reported Virchand R. Gandhi, “A peep into Oriental philosophy” AppendixC of Mutalik (1978:106-11).
194 The Jain community My account of the Jains’ reception for the prince is based on The Times of India, weekly edition, February 1, 1896:18; The Bombay Gazette, January 27, 1896:3.
194 “By and by, there was a burst of shouts” FTE:II,45.
195 “perhaps you don’t care” Quoted by Carter (1958:204).
195 “all right, 111 make it emeralds” Ibid.
195 The prince, an athlete Biographical details from the prince’s obituary in The Times of India, weekly edition, September 2, 1905:16.
195 “bales of rich stuffs” Paine (1912:1014), quoting Clemens.
195 “was our first glimpse” SLC to H.H. the Thakur Saheb of Palitana, February 5, 1896. Reprinted in Paine (1912:1013).
196 “not a bad average” The Times of India, January 23, 1896. Reprinted in Ahluwalia (1996:35).
196 “Even in Lancashire” The Times of India, weekly edition, February 1, 1896:12.
196 “Itisallcolor” FTE:II,13.
197 “manned by a driver and three footmen” Ibid.: 12. 197 “rich-colored turbans” Ibid.
197 “turbaned big native chuprassies” Ibid.: 13.
197 Towers of Silence My account of the Clemenses’ visit to the Towers of Silence is based on The Hindoo Patriot (Calcutta), February 4, 1896:3; Mutalik(1978).
197 “One marvels to see here” Ibid.
197 “As a sanitary measure” FTE:II,39.
198 Bombay’s Parsis are considering a change Abram et al. (1994:593).
198 “remote from the world” FTE:II,35.
199 A maid accompanied them SLC to HHR, September 25, 1895, written from Sydney: “Mrs. C. and the maid are packing the trunks.” Leary (1969:188). A maid was reported landing with the Clemenses in Bluff (The Evening Star, Dunedin, November 6, 1895:3) and sailing with them from Wellington to Sydney (Parsons 1962:76). In a letter to Susy from Palmerston North, Mrs. Clemens wrote about their maid, giving her name as Helene. OLG to Susy Clemens, December 2, 1895. Harnsberger (no date: 138).
199 When the family arrived at a station OLG to Susy Clemens, December 2, 1895. Harnsberger (no date:138).
199 “you hire him as soon as you touch Indian soil” FTE:II,23.
199 All three Clemenses commented FTE:II,29; OLG to Jean Clemens, February 18, 1896, published in Ahluwalia (1996:44); Clemens (1931:162-63).
199 British residents in India Vernede (1995:103).
199 “because as long as he is in your employ” FTE:II,23.
199 two servants Clemens (1931:163).
199 the first servant they engaged FTE:II,24-29.
199 “All my heart” FTE:II,29.
200 “out of character” Ibid.:30.
200 “He was always busy” Ibid.:235.
200 “in a swell hotel” Ibid.:237.
200 “then put his head out at a window” Ibid.:235-36.
200 “but the family detested him for it” Ibid.:236.
200 “I loved him” Ibid.
201 “competent and satisfactory” Ibid.:238.
201 “God want to see you” Ibid.:30.
201 Aga Khan III Biographical details from Greenwall (1952), Jackson (1952), and Ogden (1996).
201 “not forty, perhaps not above thirty-five” FTE:II,31.
201 “a most courteous and charming gentleman” Ibid.:31-32.
202 “He had a pleasant, utterly unassuming charm” Shah, Sultan Sir Mohammed, Aga Khan III (1952:32).
202 “Satan see God out?” FTE:II,32.
202 forty rupees a month OLG to Susan L. Crane, February 28, 1896, published in Ahluwalia (1996:45); FTE:II,23.
202 “live in a mud hut” FTE:II,24.
203 “had pierced deep into the native quarter” FTE:II,49-50. 203 “a prophetic dream, as it were” Ibid.:52.
203 the home of a rich Hindu cotton merchant Mutalik (1978). 203 “wrapped in a perfect conflagration” FTE:II,50.
203 Clemens was moved Clemens (1931:156).
204 “aturbanedgiant”FTE:II,51.
204 “is the stunningest of the Indian princes” MTP:NB36. Quoted by Ahluwalia (1996:10).
204 “perfect flower-beds of brilliant color’’ FTE:II,12.
204 “shining and shifting spectacle” Ibid.
205 “The misfortune was that it wasn’t the serpent” From a compos ite of newspaper reviews of Clemens’s performances in India, compiled by Ahluwalia (1996:26).
205 The Bishop of Bombay left the hall Mutalik (1978).
205 in 1964, she told an interviewer Interview with Miss J. M. Cursetjee. Published in Ahluwalia (1996:42).
205 “a village tenanted by people” The Times of India, weekly edition, January 25, 1896:9.
206 “but a continuous and ever-increasing evil” Letter to the editor, S. Allen Kennedy, The Times of India, weekly edition, February 29,1896:10.
206 endemic typhoid. The Times of India, weekly edition, February 29, 1896:2.
206 the eleventh annual meeting Account based on The Times of India, weekly edition, January 4, 1896:5; The Times (London), December 28, 1895:5.
206 The Congress had begun Details of the Congress’s early history are based on Spear (1978:169-74).
206 “modest reforms” The Times (London), December 28, 1895:5.
206 “Well, I have read of it” The Madras Standard, April 1, 1896. Reprinted in Budd (1977:71).
207 No one, “can deny” The Englishman (Calcutta), February 8, 1896:5. Reprinted in Ahluwalia (1996:39).
207 “When one considers” FTE:II,267.
207 “We are obliged to believe” FTE:I,93.
208 “appealing to the British nation” Article in the Indu Prakash reprinted in The Times of India, weekly edition, January 4, 1896:6.
208 “In our day” FTE:II,266.
208 “Without an effort” Ibid.:267.
209 “live in a fever pitch” The Moslem Chronicle (Calcutta), January 4, 1896:7.
209 “If the Hindus” Ibid., January 11, 1896:20.
211 “as if the whole world was present” FTE:II,67.
211 “tides upon tides” Ibid.:67-68.
211 “We named him Barney for short” Ibid.:68.
212 “built of the plainest and cheapest” Ibid.:68-69.
212 “handsome, spacious, light, airy” Ibid.:70.
212 “the American sleeping-car” The Statesman (Calcutta), February 8, 1896:3. Reprinted in Ahluwalia (1996:40).
212 “the word ‘engaged appears” FTE:II,109.
213 “prince’s carriage drawn by picture-book horses” Clemens (1931:159).
213 “mixed modern American-European” FTE:II,75-76.
213 their gold and silver ornaments MTP:NB36.
213 “I did not ask for it” FTE:II,74-75.
213 “Father, suspecting what I was giggling about” Clemens (1931:154).
213 “It is claimed here” MTN:273.
213 “on account of the echoes” FTE:II,76.
213 “a fine and cultivated gentleman” MTN:274.
214 “for its barbaric pomps and splendors” FTE:II,73.
214 “the Gaekwar has shown himself a model prince” Encyclopaedia Britannica, eleventh edition (1910), from which my account of the Gaekwar’s accession is taken.
214 India was dissatisfied Clemens (1931:160).
214 “India always came first’’ Shah, Sultan Sir Mohammed, Aga Khan 111(1954:301).
214 “the first thing you’ll have to do” Ibid.
215 Clemens slept all the way MTP:NB36
215 “It was a delicate situation” The episode, based on the manuscript of FTE, the Berg Collection, New York Public Library, is published in Carter (1958:204-5). According to Clemens’s account of the incident, he arrived in the city “early one morning” after “a long journey up country” This journey must have been to Baroda, from which he returned to Bombay, according to his journal, at 7:00 A.M. (MTP:NB36). From his other upcountry destination, Poona, he arrived at eleven (Ahluwalia 1996:11).
215 “perfectly flat” FTE:II,120.
215 “all the way yesterday” MTN:275-76.
215-16 “there is an enchantment about it” FTE:II,120-21.
216 a sold-out house The Englishman (Calcutta), February 5, 1896, cited by Ahluwalia (1996:12).
216 “the vicinity of a lecture-hall” FTE:II,126.
216 “that it is hardly fair to Mark Twain” The Pioneer (Allahabad). Quoted in Agrawal (1973:105).
216 “And now the Fort belongs to the English” FTE:II,130.
217 “plodding patiently along” Ibid.: 129.
217 “amazed at the intense atmosphere” Clemens (1931:158). 217 the Ganges, or Ganga Details from Eck (1993:3, 212-13, 314). 217 “a mighty swarm of pilgrims” FTE:II,130-31. 217 “If we had got to the Mele” MTN:276.
218 for which the Magh Mele is especially known Abram et al. (1995:289).
218 “you have the monster crowd” FTE:II,132.
218 “I think I should always like to wait” MTP.-NB36. Quoted by Ahluwalia (1996:12).
218 “a vision of dusty sterility” FTE:II,134.
218 “Benares is older than history” Ibid.:II, 136.
218 the fruit of any ritual action there Eck (1993:315).
218 they touch its dust to their foreheads Ibid.:303.
218 “Religion … is the business of Benares” FTE:II,139.
219 “Benares is the sacredest” Ibid.
219 “makes our own religious enthusiasm” Ibid.:140. 219 “little itinerary for the pilgrim” Ibid.:141. 219 “a tank filled with sewage” Ibid.:142.
219 “you will find a shallow pool” Ibid.:143. 219-220 “you will see a Brahman” Ibid.:145.
220 “he would gain much” Ibid.: 148.
220 “about the best thing in the book” Paine (1912:1054).
220 Clemens relied on conversations FTE:II,141.
220 “the news would soon spread” James Kennedy, Life and Work in Benares and Kumaon. New York: Cassell and Company, 1885:86-87. Quoted by Eck (1993:92).
220 “that when the brahmins of Banaras went forth” Eck (1993:93).
221 “they spend hours like this” Clemens (1931:159).
221 went to see a recluse” The Englishman (Calcutta), February 8,1896:5. Reprinted in Ahluwalia (1996:38).
222 “a good house in a noble great garden” FTE:II,163. Parsons (1963:85) pointed out the difference between the account given to the reporter and that supplied in FTE regarding Clemens’s meeting with the holy man.
222 “to live in a hut” FTE:II,166.
222 “But I shall not” Ibid.: 166-67.
222 the Clemenses arose at six SLC to HHR, February 8, 1896. Leary (1969:194).
222 “a splendid jumble” FTE:II,150.
223 “Well, yes, I will make room for a bull” The Englishman (Calcutta), February 8, 1896:5. Reprinted in Ahiuwalia (1996:38).
223 Eaeh year about 40,000 My account of the current state of the Ganges and of efforts to clean it up is based on Stille (1998).
224 “The subject of caste” The Englishman (Calcutta), February 8, 1896:5. Reprinted in Ahiuwalia (1996:38-39).
224 Mr. E, H. Hankin. The Times (London), August 26,1895:6, citing the annual report of the bacteriologist to the government of the North-Western Provinces.
226 “I have been barking around” SLC to HHR, February 5, 1896. Leary (1969:192).
226 “I eaught eold last night” SLC to Susy Clemens, February 7, 1896. Wecter (1949:316).
226 “If I have seen anything like India” The Statesman (Calcutta), February 8, 1896:3. Reprinted in Ahiuwalia (1996:40-41).
226 “the obvious advantages” The Englishman (Calcutta), February 8, 1896:5. Reprinted in Ahiuwalia (1996:39).
227 Sir Alexander MacKenzie Biographical details from The Dictionary of National Biography.
228 “Often a British official” FTE:II,172. 228 “a fluted candlestick” Ibid.: 170.
228 “if monuments were always given” Ibid.: 171.
229 the Black Hole Details from The Encyclopaedia Britannica (1980) and Moorhouse (1994:43-45).
230 “the first brick, the Foundation Stone” FTE:II,173.
231 “joyous tribute of laughter” The Englishman (Calcutta), February 11,1896:5.
230 “the humour of the speaker” The Indian Planters” Gazette and Sporting News (Calcutta), February 15, 1896:172.
230 “I wrote it in haste” Quoted by Parsons (1963:87-88).
230 “Mark Twain as a lecturer” Madras Mail, February 21, 1896. Quoted by Ahluwalia (1996:15).
230 “Barney was to put a glass of water” MTN:277.
231 “There was plenty to see in Calcutta” FTE:II,176.
231 “with the mimic storming of a native fort” Ibid.
231 “the best and greatest military show” The Englishman (Calcutta), February 12, 1896:5.
231 An editorial Ibid, February 10, 1896:6.
232 Clemens’s sightseeing FTE:II,176.
232 “You have noticed from the car windows” MTN:287-8.
232 “pious cant” Ibid.:280.
232 more than 3,000 in hospital The Times (London), March 18, 1896:5, citing the annual report of the Sanitary Commissioner to the government of India for 1894.
233 He was one of the men brought out Moorhouse (1994:51).
234 “We sat down and talked” Neider (1959:40).
235 The Glemenses … traveled to Darjeeling in style. Details of their journey from MTP:NB36; FTE:II, 178-85; OLG to Jean Clemens, February 16, 1896, published in Ahluwalia (1996:43-44).
236 “Natives in all the brilliant and picturesque costumes” OLG to Jean Clemens, February 16, 1896. Published in Ahluwalia (1996:44).
236 “Upwiththesun”FTE:II,178.
236 “Come … let us introduce” MTN:278.
236 “a dainty breakfast-table” OLG to Jean Clemens, February 16, 1896, published in Ahluwalia (1996:44).
236 “little canvas-sheltered cars” FTE:II,183. 236-37 “a little wooden coop of a station” Ibid.
237 “met a man who conversed with a man” SLC to Charles Henry Webb, February 16, 1896. Published in The Critic, volume 25 (new series), no. 740:286.
237 “Why… will people following dangerous quarry” The Times of India, weekly edition, March 28, 1896:16. The mauling occurred on Feburary 25.
237 “It is well-known here” Ibid.
237 “so wild and interesting and exciting” FTE:II,183.
238 “level as a floor” Ibid.:184. 238 “open coffin” Ibid.:185.
238 Four strong men Dozey (1989:25).
238 luggage followed on the backs of female porters Ibid.:24.
239 Clemens’s At Home began at nine-thirty Ahluwalia (1996:16).-
239 “fairly good house” The Statesman (Calcutta), February 25, 1896, citing The Darjeeling Standard, as reprinted in 100 Years of The Statesman. Calcutta: The Statesman, 1975:88. Reprinted in Ahluwalia (1996:41).
239 “the most remarkable forty miles” The Pioneer Mail and Indian Weekly News (Allahabad), February 20, 1896:22.
239 “No fewer than nine people in Calcutta” Parsons (1963:89).
239 the old Town Hall. The Darjeeling and Himalayan Railway Company (1921:52); Dozey (1989:118).
239 the main market day. Darjeeling-Himalayan Railway Company (1921:48).
239 “swarthy strange tribes” FTE:II,186.
239 “that novel congress of the wild peoples” Ibid.: 187.
239 “a herd confused / a miscellaneous rabble” Dozey (1989:39).
239 three physiognomic categories. Ibid.:40.
240 “and was genial and entertaining” The Statesman (Calcutta), February 25, 1896, citing The Darjeeling Standard, as reprinted in 100 Years of The Statesman. Calcutta: The Statesman, 1975:88. Reprinted in Ahluwalia (1996:41).
240 “In every town and city in India” FTE:II,185.
241 It has been suggested Vernede (1995:70).
241 “if properly vouched for” Dozey (1989:88).
241 On Monday morning Clemens, writing about a year later, reported incorrectly, in FTE, that they left Darjeeling on Tuesday. His account of their visit is incorrect in other respects as well: he was entertained by the club on Sunday, not after his performance on Saturday; they saw the mountain peaks change color at sunrise on Monday, not Sunday. These alterations were perhaps deliberate, intended to improve narrative flow. Clemens was not, after all, testifying under oath.
241 After arising at five-thirty Details of the sunrise excursion from OLG to Jean Clemens, February 17 (mistakenly dated February 18), 1896. MTP:typescript.
241 Clemens, clad in a dressing gown Ibid; FTE:II, 186.
241 “my party rode away to a distant point” Ibid.
242 The mountain view from Darjeeling Statistics from Darjeeling-Himalayan Railway Company (1983:44).
242 accompanied by some members of the club The Statesman (Calcutta), February 25, 1896, citing The Darjeeling Standard, as reprinted in 100 Years of The Statesman. Calcutta: The Statesman, 1975:88. Reprinted in Ahluwalia (1996:41).
242 “had intended to tell the many people” Ibid.
242 “eternal snow” SLC to HHR, February 17, 1896. Leary (1969:195).
242 shedding their rugs and furs Ibid.
242 “For rousing, tingling, rapturous pleasure” FTE:II,194.
243 the next morning Ahluwalia (1996:16).
243 a private car Ibid.
243 Mrs. Clemens explained OLG to Jean Clemens, February 17 [18],
1896. MTP:typescript.
243 “that strange and fascinating piety-hive” PTE:II,200.
243 “Hot as the nation” MTN:278.
243 the great uprising of 1857 For the antecedents and consequences of the revolt of 1857,1 have relied on Spear (1978:139-57) and Edwardes (1967:149-52).
245 “The British were caught asleep” FTE:II,202-3.
245 “sacred” FTE:II,217.
245 the Clemenses rode with Major and Mrs. Aylmer MTN:II,278.
245 Major Aylmer’s uniformed orderly Ibid.
245 “ancient and elegant” and “sumptuous” Ibid. 245-46 “was perfecting his teething” FTE:II,218.
246 “the most impressive object” Ibid.
246 “a delightful little girl” Smythe (1898:34).
246 he insisted on writing her a note Ibid.
246 at three on Thursday morning. Ahluwalia (1996:17).
246 “Nine months ago” OLG to Susan L. Crane, February 28, 1896. Published in Ahluwalia (1996:45).
247 he offered to dethrone one or two princes MTP:NB36.
247 two carriages^ each with a coachman OLG to Susan L. Crane, February 28, 1896. MTP:typescript.
247 “Attempts were made to furnish an eclipse” MTN:279.
247 “built of tinted mists” FTE:II,226.
248 When they arrived the next morning MTP:NB36.
248 “a pricking sensation in his left hand” OLC to Susan L. Crane, March 30, 1896. Published in Ahluwalia (1996:46).
248 He was also suffering from diarrhea. SLC to HHR, April 2, 1896. Leary (1969:202).
248 “I am in the doctors hands again” SLC to HHR, March 6, 1896. Ibid.:196.
248 Smythe and Clara also fell ill MTP:NB36.
248 “we have been quite disturbed” HHR to SLC, March 20, 1896. Leary (1969:201).
248 small, noisy establishment MTP:NB36.
248 “a large empty compound” FTE:II,233-34.
248 “The secluded and country air of the place” Ibid.:234.
249 “new and beautiful palace” Ibid.:238.
249 “a beautiful construction of stone” Ibid.:239.
249 “One must try to imagine” Ibid.:239-40.
249 she wanted to visit it on a ladies morning OLC to Jean Clemens, March 12, 1896. Published in Ahluwalia (1996:46).
249 “The only trouble was” Ibid.
250 “The blocks of houses” FTE:II,239.
250 “majestic elephants” Ibid.:240.
251 “for color, and picturesqueness” Ibid.
252 “I was going to start last night for Lahore” SLC to HHR, March 15, 1896. Leary (1969:199).
252 a smallpox epidemic discouraged them OLC to Susan L. Crane, March 30, 1896. Published in Ahluwalia (1996:47).
252 “was built by a rich Englishman” FTE:II,232.
252 James Skinner Biographical details from Fraser (1955).
253 “Mark Twain at Last!” Advertisement in the Civil and Military Gazette (Lahore), May 16, 1896:9.
253 “On Wednesday night” Civil and Military Gazette (Lahore), March 20, 1896:5.
253 “Mark Twain has come” Ibid.
253 with whom Clemens lunched Ahluwalia (1996:19).
253 the best way to see the city?s antiquities Parsons (1963:92).
253 “I am used to being afraid of collisions” FTE:II,231.
254 “It was always summer in India” SLC to HHR, May 8, 1896. Leary (1969:212).
254 Clemens received letters from total strangers OLG to Susan L. Crane, MTP:typescript.
254 a journey… that lasted almost three full days They left Rawalpindi at 12:45 P.M., March 21, and arrived in Calcutta at sunrise, March 24. Ahulwalia (1996:19).
254 “comfortably ensconced in an easy chair” The Madras Mail, March 31, 1896:7, reprinted from the Indian Daily News.
254 He insisted on a royalty Hoffman (1997:136).
254 “When wind blew in, icy cold” MTP:NB36. Quoted by Ahluwalia (1996:19).
255 “For six hours now” MTN:2S0.
255 “Sometimes it comes over me” OLG to Susan L. Crane, March 30, 1896. Published in Ahluwalia (1996:46-47).
255 “the most interesting by far” Clara Clemens to Samuel E. Moffett, April 7, 1896. Published in Ahluwalia (1996:47).
255 The party went ashore for breakfast The Madras Standard, April 1, 1896. Reprinted in Budd (1977:69-72).
255 “When this boat leaves Madras to-day” Ibid.
256 his population redistribution proposal Details from The Times (London), February 24, 1896:5; May 25, 1896:10.
257 “India is already swarmed enough” Mahratta (Poona), January 26, 1896:6.
258 “the only foreign land I ever daydream about” Neider (1959:288).
258 Vast clouds piled up on the horizon Ahluwalia (1996:20).
258 “better up-anchor and get off” The Times of Ceylon, weekly edition, April 9, 1896:480.
258 where he admired its tigers Ahluwalia (1996:20).
258 devoured a performing monkey The Times of Ceylon (Colombo), April 4, 1896.
258 “The menagerie section” Ibid.
258 a likable couple MTP:NB36.
258-59 his audience was small The Times of Ceylon, weekly edition, April 9, 1896:475; The Overland Ceylon Observer, April 8, 1896:350.
259 “age is beginning to tell on him” The Ceylon Examiner (Colombo), April 4, 1896:3.
259 Clemens claimed … to have forgotten The Times of Ceylon, weekly summary, April 9, 1896:480.
259 “spoiled by altering one word” The Times of Ceylon, weekly edition, April 9, 1896:480.
259 immediately after the second At Home The Ceylon Examiner (Colombo), April 6, 1896:3.
259 under a cloudburst Ahluwalia (1996:20).
259 Clara wrote to her cousin Clara Clemens to Samuel E. Moffett, April 7, 1896. Published in Ahluwalia (1966:47).
259 resigned to insects on tropical voyages MTP:NB37.
259 he considered the vessel quite comfortable Ibid.
259 “seventeen days ago” MTN:289.
260 “There are no sea-holidays any more” SLC to HHR, April 24, 1896. Leary (1969:210).
260 The speed of modern travel MTP:NB37.
260 “It was that story” FTE:II,260.
260 “No other book is so popular here” Ibid.:263.
260 The Glemenses anchored off Port Louis Ibid.:258.
260 Clemens had expected to be quarantined SLC to Franklin G. Whitmore, April 12, 1896. MTP:typescript.
260 the next day the Clemenses went ashore FTE:II,259.
260 “this holiday comes very handy for me” SLC to HHR, April 24, 1896. Leary (1969:209-11).
261 “the finest boat I have seen” FTE:II,272. 261 by the first of May MTP:NB38.
261 “All that I remember about Madagascar” FTE:II,274.
262 The Clemenses reached Lourenço Marques Ibid.:276. 262 “a bold headland — precipitous wall” Ibid.
262 “thousands of tons of freight” Ibid. 262 “a small town — no sights” Ibid.:277. 262 “outrageously heavy bags of freight” Ibid. 262 “the ship slowed down” Ibid.:281.
265 Two founding members Parsons (1977:236).
265 “‘Rikishas … drawn by splendidly built black Zulus” FTE:II,283.
265 rickshaw pullers were throwing stones Parsons (1975/6:6).
265 shooting and stabbing one another’s drivers East Province Herald (Port Elizabeth), May 21, 1996.
265 bloody conflict in KwaZulu/Natal My chief sources are Daley (1996) and Mostert (1996).
266 Clemens left the hotel to pick up his mail Parsons (1975/6:7).
266 “just my condition” The Natal Mercury (Durban), May 9, 1896. Quoted by Parsons (1975/6:7).
267 “I only wish my stay” The Natal Mercury (Durban), May 8, 1896:3. Reprinted in Budd (1977:72-73).
267 His pieces for Virginia City’s Territorial Enterprise Hoffman (1997:71).
267 commissioned the government’s printing contracts Ibid.
267 “the pitiless and uninterrupted blaze” SLC to HHR, May 8, 1896. Leary (1969:212).
267 “comfortless and forbidding” FTE:II,287.
267 literacy in both English and Zulu MTP:38.
267 “wage-yielding mechanical trades” FTE:II,288.
268 “must not be forced” The Natal Mercury (Durban), May 8, 1896:4. 268 “groups of negro men and women” MTN:292.
268 “Everything neat and trim and clean” FTE:II,284.
268 who lived on Berea Road Parsons (1975/6:8).
268 Dr. Campbell Biographical details from the Dictionary of South African Biography, 3:129; The Natal Mercury (Durban), obituary, March 13, 1926.
268 “spend quite a cheery time” Quoted by Parsons (1975/6:8).
269 1,000-seat Theatre Royal Parsons (1978:2).
269 extra rows had to be provided Ibid.
269 probably the first world-class platform star Rosenthal (1968:170).
269 managed the rare feat The Natal Mercury (Durban), May 14, 1896:4.
269 the evening’s chairman Ibid.
269 “in a quite inadequate speech” “Story about Mark Twain, written by his friend Dr. Sam Campbell,” Ethel Campbell Notes, Killie Campbell Africana Library. Quoted by Parsons (1977:237).
269 “socially, the visit of Mark Twain” The Natal Mercury, May 11,1896. Quoted by Parsons (1975/6:9).
269 telling her he was lonely SLC to OLG, May 15, 1896. MTP:type-script.
269 “beautiful and tender loyalty” Howells (1910:10).
270 “from all parts of the country” Quoted by Parsons (1978:3).
270 “to join culture and beauty to talent” SLG to OLG, May 16,1896. Published in Clemens (1931:168).
270 “While colonists do all that can be done” F. S. Tatham, letter to the editor, The Times (London), November 4, 1895:12.
271 “too brutally blunt and rude” The Natal Mercury (Durban), May 8, 1896:3.
271 “Coolies have no votes in India” Letter to the Editor from T. Hyslop, The Times (London), November 27, 1895:12.
271 According to data published The Times (London), January 27, 1896:4.
271 Gandhi… pointed out Ibid.
271 “I was pushed out of the train” M. K. Gandhi, The Selected Works of Mahatma Gandhi, vol. 3: Satyagraha in South Africa, Ahmedabad, 1968:56. Quoted by Sparks (1991:88-89).
272 “it was the first time any person of colour” Sparks (1991:89).
273 “Fifty years experience of men and books” Clark (1908:76). I am indebted to Margaret von Klemperer of The Natal Witness (Pietermaritzburg) for this reference.
273 Headmaster Clark and the barrister G. Bulkley The Natal Witness (Pietermaritzburg), May 18, 1896:3.
273 Bulkley ?s lengthy memorized address SLC to OLG, May 16,1896. Published in Clemens (1931:168-69).
273 Justifying his comments The Natal Witness (Pietermaritzburg), May 18, 1896:3.
274 “I got up and said” SLC to OLG, May 16, 1896. Published in Clemens (1931:168-69).
274 “Last night … I was satisfied with myself’ Quoted by Parsons (1978:3).
274 “falling into the sere and yellow leaf The Times of Natal (Pietermaritzfcmrg), May 16, 1896.
274 “Mark Twain’s éManf?? The Natal Witness (Pietermaritzburg), May 18, 1896:3.
275 A grand torchlit reception SLC to Clara Clemens, May 22, 1896. MTP:typeseript.
275 an outpouring of public grief The Critic (Johannesburg and Pretoria), May 22, 1896:803.
275 with a borrowed razor Pakenham (1960:111).
275 His fellow prisoners The Critic (Johannesburg and Pretoria), May 22, 1896:803.
275 Buildings to rival the greatest Arthur Fell, letter to the editor, The Times (London), October 17, 1895:12. Fell, a resident of Cape Town, had just returned from Johannesburg.
275 Social life among the expatriate white community Hammond (1918:13).
275 Johannesburg was a wonder of the world Hattersley (1969:238).
276 ninety-seven brothels Sparks (1991:123).
276 “Monte Carlo superimposed” Ibid.
276 barefoot urchins Hattersley (1969:184).
276 he was influenced by the work of Olive Schreiner FTE:II,316.
276 “white savage” MTN:298.
276 “has stood stock-still in South Africa” FTE:II,315-16.
276 “those simple, democratic rights” Hammond (1918:7).
277 By the end of 1895 My account of Jameson’s raid and its immediate aftermath, in this and subsequent chapters, is based on Pakenham (1960) and Smith (1996).
278 at the head of South Africa’s mining experts Standard and Diggers’ News (Johannesburg), weekly edition, May 30, 1896:21.
278 Clemens had met him long ago SLC to OLG, May 23, 1896. Microfilm, Elmira College Library. Clemens met Hammond at the home of William Buel Franklin, a Union general during the Civil War, who lived in Hartford.
278 “great silver-plated acres of veld” Standard and Diggers’ News (Johannesburg), May 18, 1896. Quoted by Parsons (1975/6:15).
279 “I tried to explain” Ibid.
279 “the best bedroom” The Star (Johannesburg), May 18, 1896:4. Reprinted in Budd (1977:75-76).
279 “And these things are going on undisturbed” The Times (London), December 30, 1895:8.
280 “an inexpressible tangle” The Johannesburg Times, May 18, 1896:5.
281 “it filled every available part” The Critic (Johannesburg and
Pretoria), May 22, 1896:821.
281 “he was so vociferously applauded” Ibid.
281 “auditors wiped tears from their eyes” Parsons (1978:3).
281 “well-known among the South African Dutch” The Star (Johannesburg), May 19, 1896.
281 “at all times the lecturer was eloquent” The Johannesburg Times, May 19, 1896.
281 he may have gotten himself into trouble SLC to OLC, May 20, 1896. MTP:typescript.
282 “a wretched hand at remembering” The Johannesburg Times, May 18, 1896. Quoted in Parsons (1975/6:16).
282 gave her a chance to tell him SLC to Clara Clemens, May 22, 1896. MTP:typescript.
282 Mrs. Chapin had taken Clemens on carriage rides Parsons (1975/6:16-17).
282 even packed his luggage SLC to Clara Clemens, May 22, 1896. MTP:typescript.
283 “Mr. Clemens I’m certainly glad to see you” Hammond (1918:398).
283 based on notes that Smythe made from memory MTP:NB38.
283 “The dream of his life” The Press (Pretoria), May 25, 1896:3.
283 “A Boer guard was at my elbow” SLG to Joseph Twitchell, May
24, 1896. MTL:631-32.
284 After declining Hammond’s invitation Hammond (1935:399).
284 “The Caledonian Hall is excellent” The Press (Pretoria), May 25, 1896:3.
284 it was impossible to hear him satisfactorily The Transvaal Advertiser
(Pretoria), May 25, 1896:3.
284 “a veritable boom of laughter” The Press (Pretoria), May 25, 1896:3.
284 “It is not satisfactory” The Transvaal Advertiser (Pretoria), May 25, 1896.
284 “promptly and abundantly responsive” MTN:293.
284 He was glad The Press (Pretoria), May 25, 1896:3.
284 “an ideal rest cure” Hammond (1935:399).
284 Hammond claimed Ibid.:400.
285 “his orders wouldn’t allow him” SLG to Joseph H. Twitchell, May 24, 1896. MTL:632-33.
285 such stillness on the streets MTP:NB38.
285 Competition from a promenade concert The Press (Pretoria), May 27, 1896:3.
285 the half-hour signal Parsons (1975/6:18).
285 “immense applause” The Transvaal Advertiser (Pretoria), May 28, 1896:3.
285 Clemens visited President Kruger The Press (Pretoria), May 27, 1896:3.
285 “There, that is what I always ask” Taylor (1939:88-89).
286 “Now that this Jameson’s on the veld” The Express and Orange Free State Advertiser (Bloemfontem), May 26, 1896:4.
286 “If the heads of the Boer Government” FTE:II,316.
286 A translator mediated their conversation The Press (Pretoria), May 27, 1896:3.
286 “in ordinary everyday clothes” MTN:295.
286 According to Hammond Hammond (1935:400).
287 “A great strain” The Krugersdorp Times, February 1, 1896:6. 287 “crowded to utmost capacity” Ibid., May 30, 1896:3.
287 “The yarns were rather too lengthy” Ibid.
287 “the human imagination” MTN:299-300. 287-88 “with a pair of horses” Parsons (1975/6:20).
288 his sympathetic references Standard and Diggers” News (Johannesburg), weekly edition, May 30, 1896:1.
288 Rhodes and the principal Reformers SLC to OLG, May 25, 1896. Microfilm, Elmira College Library.
288 “Miss Rhodes, middle-aged sister of Cecil” MTN:297.
288 “a happy name” FTE:II,319.
288-89 “That he is an extraordinary man” FTE:II,332-34.
289 “There isn’t a foot of land in the world” MTN:295-96.
290 “supper and comfortable fire” Ibid.:296.
290 “Put it there, old man!” Poultney Bigelow, Seventy Summers (1925), quoted by Parsons (1978:10).
291 “just as beautiful as Paradise” SLC to OLG, June 1, 1896. Quoted by Parsons (1975/6:21).
291 “most of his yarns were familiar” The Friend of the Free State and Bloemfontein Gazette, June 2, 1896:3.
291 “Mark Twain was simply delightful” Ibid.
291 with a letter of introduction Parsons (1977:248).
292 “I would rather lose” Standard Encyclopaedia of South Africa, X:285-89.
292 “I followed a couple of them all over” FTE:II,320.
292 where horses, cattle, and sheep were sold Parsons (1975/6:22).
292 “if my little dogs are naughty” The Times (London), June 12,1896:5.
292 £200,000 The Times (London), June 12, 1896:9.
293 “by giving me a banquet” Hammond (1935:400).
293 “an evening’s entertainment” Queenstown Free Press, June 9, 1896:3.
293 “Hell have a lot to say” Queenstown Representative, June 8, 1896. Quoted by Parsons (1975/6:25).
293 “where half the people were alive” Ibid.
294 A glorious gaslit chandelier Mr. Edric Russell, personal communication.
294 “dumped it into stocks” SLC to HHR, June 6, 1896. Leary (1969:216).
294-95 “We have been having in South Africa” SLC to HHR, May 26, 1896. Ibid.:215.
295 “If I had the family in a comfortable poor-house SLC to HHR, June 6, 1896. Ibid.:216.
295 “It’s no use, Livy dear” SLC to OLG, June 10, 1896. Quoted by Clemens (1931:169).
295 Clemens considered taking Chapin’s place SLC to OLG, June 8 (?), 1896. Microfilm, Elmira College Library.
295 Mrs, Clemens nixed the proposal Kaplan (1966:335).
295 Writing to Mrs. Clemens at five SLC to OLG, June 7, 1896. Microfilm, Elmira College Library.
295 “Never, we believe” The Cape Mercury (King William’s Town), June 9, 1896:3.
296 “a handsome looking man” Alfred William Burton, quoted by Coleman O. Parsons, who interviewed him. Parsons (1978:6).
296 “mincing across the great barren square” FTE:II,320.
296 built two years before Denfield (1965:65).
296 the scene described by Clemens MTP:NB38.
296 A photograph, taken on a sunny Sunday The photograph appears in Denfield (1965:115).
297 a downpour reduced attendance East London Standard and Border Gazette, June 12, 1896.
297 In the “other London” Parsons (1978:7).
297 A photograph of the square The photograph appears in Denfield (1965:99).
297 “overzealous application” The East London Despatch, June 13, 1896.
297 “We are having a lazy comfortable time here” SLC to OLC, June 12, 1896. Quoted by Parsons (1975/6:27).
297 “Now [that] I have ruled fluking out” MTN:298.
297 “It was his habit” Ibid.
297 The sea had been blustery and heavy Parsons (1975/6:27).
297 fearing that the sea might become so rough MTN:300.
298 “there is a considerable sea today” Ibid.
298 she felt as if he had been away a year OLC to Susan L. Crane, June 16, 1896. MTP:typescript.
298 “beautiful, even ravishing” OLC to Mrs. Samuel Campbell, June 9, 1896. Killie Campbell Africana Library, Durban. Quoted by Parsons (1975/6:28).
298 All but three The Times (London), June 18, 1896:10.
298 Flags throughout South Africa Parsons (1975/6:28).
298 “I would have chosen Mrs. Hart every time” SLC to HHR, June 18, 1896. Leary (1969:217).
299 “I am quite sure that (bar one)” Twain (1925c:264).
300 a woman in the audience began to laugh Smythe (1898:3).
300 “venerable writer” The Eastern Province Herald and Port Elizabeth Commercial News, June 24, 1896:6.
300 ostriches in the fields MTP:NB38.
300 Grahamstown … impressed Clemens. MTP:NB38.
302 “Mark Twain’s method” The Cape Argus (Cape Town), July 8, 1896:3. From a review by Edward Vincent, who saw Clemens perform in Grahamstown.
302 he signed the Visitors’ Book Parsons (1975/6:30).
302 he played billiards with Smythe Parsons (1977:251).
302 “has always covered the broadest spectrum” B. E. Latrobe, Mayor of Grahamstown, to T. G. Wiblin, Chairman of the Grahamstown Club, July 7, 1986. In Griffiths (1986).
302 “in a side of the vast dust-blown square” MTN:302.
303 For the first time since he was a boy Ibid.
303 The dispatch shown to Clemens Parsons (1977:251-52).
303 a Reuters dispatch The Midland News and Karoo Farmer (Cradock), June 30, 1896:12.
303 “Strange … how that number” Ibid.:4.
303 complaining that he had to wait ten hours MTP:NB38.
303 shortly after noon on Tuesday Parsons (1975/6:32).
303 “When the Great Yankee” Diamond Fields Advertiser (Kimberley), July 2, 1896. Quoted by Parsons (1975/6:33).
304 “like a block of gorgonzola” Sparks (1991:120).
304 “brimful of fame and fortune” SLC to Elisha Bliss, November 28, 1870. Quoted by Kaplan (1966:124).
304 But he proposed to send a proxy My account of Clemens’s scheme to send John Henry Riley to South Africa relies primarily on Kaplan (1966:124-29).