| 1m BC | Homo erectus comes to the Iberian Peninsula from Africa, until 200,000 BC |
| 20,000 BC | Paleolithic remains: Coa Valley, Escoural, Alentejo |
| 5500 BC | Neolithic remains along Tagus estuary |
| 1000 BC | Phoenicians reach southern Portugal, founding Olisipo |
| 700 BC | Celtic tribes invade northern Portugal |
| 600 BC | Greek traders in Portugal |
| 535 BC | Carthaginian occupation of Portugal |
| 218 BC | Roman invasion of the Iberian Peninsula |
| 219 BC | Resistanceof Lusitani |
| 139 BC | Death of Viriatus |
| Romanization of Lisbon area | |
| Roman theatres, temples and baths in city | |
| 25 AD | Roman province of Lusitania |
| 410 | Alaric the Visigoth sacks Rome |
| Suevi in Portugal | |
| Visigoths in Spain | |
| 475 | Extinction of Western Roman Empire |
| 585 | Visigothic Kingdom of Hispania |
| 711 | Moorish invasion of Iberian Peninsula |
| Moorish castle (Alcoçava) built | |
| 833 | Reconquest of northern Portugal by Christians |
| 950 | Portucale established |
| 1139 | Battle of Ourique |
| 1147 | Siege and capture of Lisbon by Afonso Henriques |
| 1160 | Sé Cathedral founded |
| 1179 | Charter of Lisbon; Portugal recognized by Pope |
| 1255 | Lisbon becomes capital of Portugal |
| 1290 | University founded in Lisbon |
| 1333–34 | Famine caused by crop failure |
| 1348 | Plague kills 40 per cent of population |
| 1355 | Death of Iñes de Castro |
| 1372 | Siege of Lisbon by D. Henrique II of Castile |
| 1385 | Battle of Aljubarrota |
| 1386 | Treaty of Windsor |
| 1415 | Capture of Ceuta |
| 1419 | Madeira discovered |
| 1487 | Bartolomeu Días rounds the Cape of Good Hope |
| 1494 | Treaty of Tordesillas |
| 1497–98 | Vasco da Gama discovers the sea route to India |
| 1500 | Pedro Alvares Cabral discovers Brazil |
| 1502 | Jerónimos Monastery started |
| 1505 | D. Francisco de Almeida becomes Viceroy of India |
| 1506 | Race riots and pogrom in Lisbon |
| 1516 | Garcia de Resende’s Cancioneiro Geral |
| 1521 | Tower of Belém completed |
| 1526 | São Roque Church started |
| 1529 | Gil Vicente’s Triunfo do Inverno |
| 1536 | Office of the Inquisition established |
| 1544 | Bernardim Ribeiro’s Menina e Moça |
| 1554 | Damião de Góis’s Urbis Olisiponis descriptio |
| 1572 | Luís Vaz de Camões’s Lusiads |
| 1578 | King Sebastião’s war council at Sintra and defeat at Alcácer-Quibir in Morocco |
| 1580–1640 | United kingdom of Spain and Portugal |
| 1703 | Methuen Treaty |
| 1740s | Rose café opened |
| 1755 | Lisbon earthquake; Pombal becomes prime minister |
| 1787 | William Beckford’s first visit to Lisbon |
| 1790s | Café Nicola opened |
| 1796 | Robert Southey’s first visit to Lisbon |
| 1807 | French invasion; royal family leave for Brazil |
| 1809 | Byron’s visit to Sintra |
| 1810 | Battle of Buçaco; Wellington’s Torres Vedras lines |
| 1812 | Byron’s Childe Harold |
| 1822 | Liberal constitution |
| 1825 | Almeida Garrett’s poem Camões |
| 1828–34 | Civil war in Portugal |
| 1832 | Office of Inquisition abolished |
| 1834 | Expulsion of religious orders; closing of monasteries |
| 1840 | Pena Palace at Sintra started |
| 1851 | Beginning of period of Regenerators, Historicals and Progressives |
| 1874 | Lamanjat rail link from Lisbon to Sintra |
| 1886 | Avenida da Liberdade opened |
| 1888 | Eça de Queirós’s Maias |
| 1890 | British ultimatum on Africa |
| 1901 | Santa Justa elevator in operation |
| 1906 | Melo de Matos’s Lisboa no anno 2000 |
| 1908 | Assassination of King Carlos and crown prince |
| 1910 | Revolution; First Republic established |
| 1917 | Sidónio Pais becomes president |
| 1926 | Coup d’ état of General Gomes da Costa |
| 1928 | Salazar becomes minister of finance |
| 1930s | Modernist movement in the arts (Cinema Eden) |
| 1933 | Estado Novo |
| 1949 | Portugal enters NATO |
| 1960 | Cottinelli Telmo’s monument at Belém |
| 1965 | Assassination of Humberto Delgado |
| 1966 | Suspension bridge across the Tagus |
| 1968 | Salazar succeeded by Caetano |
| 1974 | Revolution of 25 April |
| 1976 | Second Republic established |
| 1986 | Portugal joins European Union |
| 1998 | Expo held in Lisbon |
Kings, Queens and Rulers of Portugal
Afonsin dynasty
| 1128–85 | Afonso Henriques m. Mafalda of Maurienne and Savoy |
| 1185–1211 | Sancho I m. Dulce of Aragon |
| 1211–23 | Afonso II m. Urraca of Aragon |
| 1223–48 | Sancho II m. Mécia Lópes de Haro |
| 1248–79 | Afonso III m. (1) Matilde, Countess of Boulogne (2) Beatriz de Guillén |
| 1279–1325 | Dinis (the Husbandman) m. Isabel of Aragon |
| 1325–57 | Afonso IV m. Beatriz of Castile |
| 1357–67 | Pedro I (the Cruel) m. (1) Bianca of Castile (2) Constanza of Castile (3) Ines de Castro |
| 1367–83 | Fernando I m. Leonor Teles |
| 1383–85 | Interregnum |
Avis dynasty
| 1385–1433 | João I m. Philippa of Lancaster |
| 1433–38 | Duarte I m. Leonor of Aragon |
| 1438–81 | Afonso V (the African) m. Isabel of Portugal |
| 1481–95 | João II m. Leonor of Portugal |
| 1495–1521 | Manuel I (the Fortunate) m. (1) Isabel of Castile (2) Maria of Castile (3) Leonor of Spain |
| 1521–57 | João III m. Catarina of Spain |
| 1557–78 | Sebastião (the Regretted) |
| 1578–80 | Henrique (the Cardinal-King) |
| 1580 | António, Prior of Crato |
Austrian dynasty (Spanish kings)
| 1580–98 | Filipe I (Filipe II of Spain) |
| 1598–1621 | Filipe II (Filipe III of Spain) |
| 1621–40 | Filipe III (Filipe IV of Spain) |
Bragança dynasty
| 1640–56 | João IV m. Louisa de Gusmão |
| 1656–83 | Afonso V m. Maria-Francisca-Isabel d’Aumule of Savoy |
| 1683–06 | Pedro II (regent from 1668) m. (1) Isabel d’Aumale (2) Maria-Sofia-Isabel of Neuberg |
| 1706–50 | João V (the Munificent) m. Maria-Ana of Austria |
| 1750–77 | José m. Mariana-Victoria of Spain |
| 1777–1816 | Maria I m. Pedro de Bragança |
| 1816–26 | João VI (regent from 1792) m. Carlota-Joaquina of Spain |
| 1826–28 | Pedro IV (abdicated) m. (1) Maria Leopoldina of Austria (2) Maria-Amelia of Leuchtenberg |
| 1828–34 | Miguel m. Adelaide-Sofia of Loewenstein-Rosenberg |
| 1834–53 | Maria II (da Gloria) m. (1) August of Leuchtenberg (2) Ferdinand of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha |
| 1853–61 | Pedro V m. Stéphanie of Hohenzollern Sigmaringen |
| 1861–89 | Luís m. Maria-Pia of Savoy |
| 1889–1908 | Carlos m. Marie-Amélie of Orléans |
| 1908–10 | Manuel II (the Unfortunate) m. Augusta-Victoria of Sigmaringen |
Bragança dynasty in Brazil
| 1822–31 | Emperor Pedro I |
| 1831–89 | Emperor Pedro II |
Presidents or heads of provisional governments
| 1910 | Teófilo Braga |
| 1911–15 | Manuel de Arriaga |
| 1915 | Teófilo Braga |
| 1916 | Bernardino Machado |
| 1917–18 | Sidónio Pais |
| 1918–19 | Admiral João de Canto e Castro |
| 1919–23 | António José de Almeida |
| 1923–25 | Manuel Teixeira Gomes |
| 1925–26 | Bernardino Machado |
| 1926 | Commander Mendes Cabeçadas |
| 1926 | General Gomes da Costa |
| 1926–51 | General António Carmona [António de Oliveira Salazar prime minister 1932–68] |
| 1951–58 | General Francisco Lopes |
| 1958–74 | Admiral Américo Tomás [Marcelo Caetano prime minister 1968–74] |
| 1974 | General António Sebastião Ribeiro de Spinola |
| 1974–76 | General Francisco da Costa Gomes |
| 1976–86 | General António dos Santos Ramalho Eanes |
| 1986–96 | Mário Alberto Nobre Lopes Soares |
| 1996 | Jorge Sampaio |
| 2006 | Cavaco da Silva |