1. Lucien Frary, Russia and the Making of Modern Greek Identity, 1821–1844 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015), 20–27.
2. Paschalis Kitromilides, An Orthodox Commonwealth: Symbolic Legacies and Cultural Encounters in Southeastern Europe (Aldershot: Variorum, 2007), ix–xv.
3. On science: Paschalis Kitromilides, Enlightenment and Revolution: The Making of Modern Greece (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2013), 52, 365 n. 108, 366 n. 111; Efthymios Nicolaidis, ‘The Greek Enlightenment, the Orthodox Church and modern science’, in Paschalis Kitromilides (ed.), Enlightenment and Religion in the Orthodox World (Oxford: Voltaire Foundation, 2016), 49–62. On anticlericalism see Kitromilides, Enlightenment and Revolution, 250–59.
4. Nicolas Mavrocordatos, Les Loisirs de Philothée [parallel Greek and French texts], trans. Jacques Bouchard (Athens and Montreal: Les Presses de l’Université de Montréal, 1989).
5. Daniel Philippidis and Grigorios Konstantas, Γεωγραφία νεωτερική. Περί της Ελλάδος [Modern Geography: On Greece], ed. with introduction by Aikaterini Koumarianou (Athens: Ermis, 1970), editor’s introduction (18–19, 28, 30–1) and text (37, 38, 44–51).
6. Peter Mackridge, Language and National Identity in Greece, 1766–1976 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009), 80–83.
7. Gelina Harlaftis and Sophia Laiou, ‘Ottoman state policy in Mediterranean trade and shipping, C. 1780–1820: The rise of the Greek-owned Ottoman merchant fleet’, in Mark Mazower (ed.), Networks of Power in Modern Greece: Essays in Honour of John Campbell (London: Hurst, 2008), 1–44 (see 9–15). The authors do not indicate whether the characterization ‘Greek’ is their own (presumably inferred from recognizably Greek names) or already to be found in their sources.
8. Harlaftis and Laiou, ‘Ottoman state policy’, 17.
9. David Constantine, In the Footsteps of the Gods: Travellers to Greece and the Quest for the Hellenic Ideal (London: I. B. Tauris, 2011), 52.
10. Johann Hermann von Riedesel, Remarques d’un voyageur moderne au Levant (Amsterdam, 1773); Henry Miller, The Colossus of Maroussi (San Francisco, CA: Colt, 1941); Lawrence Durrell, Prospero’s Cell (London: Faber and Faber, 1945).
11. Matthew Bell, ‘The Greek body beautiful and the origins of European Romanticism’, in Ian Jenkins (ed.), Defining Beauty: The Body in Ancient Greek Art (London: British Museum, 2015), 40–49 (42–3 quoted).
12. J. J. Winckelmann, History of the Art of Antiquity, trans. H. F. Mallgrave (Los Angeles, CA: Getty, 2006; first published in German, 1764), 187.
13. P. A. Guys, A Sentimental Journey through Greece (Dublin: Milliken, 1773; first published in French, 1771), vol. 1, iv; Nasia Giakovaki, Ευρώπη μέσω Ελλάδας. Μια καμπή στην ευρωπαϊκή αυτοσυνείδηση, 17ος–18ος αιώνας [Europe via Greece: A Turning Point in European Consciousness, 17th–18th Centuries] (Athens: Estia, 2006), 26–7, 448.
14. Giakovaki, Ευρώπη [Europe], and (quite independently) Paul Stock, The Shelley–Byron Circle and the Idea of Europe (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010), 9–11, 175–97.
15. Iosipos Moisiodax, Θεωρία της γεωγραφίας [Theory of Geography] (Vienna, 1781), x; Stratos Myrogiannis, The Emergence of a Greek Identity (1700–1821) (Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars, 2012), 92.
16. John Campbell, Honour, Family, and Patronage: A Study of Institutions and Moral Values in a Greek Mountain Community (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1974; first published 1964), v (quoted), 318–19, 353–6.
17. I am indebted to the anthropologist Maria Couroucli for this insight.
18. E. Legrand, Bibliothèque grecque vulgaire (Paris: Maisonneuve, 1881), vol. 3, 312, based on the earliest extant text, published in 1784.
19. V. Laourdas (ed.), Μπάρμπα-Παντζελιού. Το τραγούδι του Δασκαλογιάννη [Barba-Pantzelios: The Song of Daskalogiannis] (Heraklion, Crete: Marmel, 1947), lines 8–9, 12, 754–8 (quoted), 989–94.
20. Anton Jeannaraki (ed.), Άσματα κρητικά [Cretan Songs] (Leipzig: Brockhaus, 1876), 142; reprinted in Giorgos Ioannou (ed.), Τα δημοτικά μας τραγούδια [Our Folk Songs] (Athens: Tachydromos, 1966), 30. Variants on the theme can be found in almost every anthology of Greek folk songs.
21. Alexis Politis (ed.), Το δημοτικό τραγούδι. κλέφτικα [Folk Songs: Kleftic] (Athens: Ermis, 1973), 2–3.
22. Claude Fauriel, Chants populaires de la Grèce moderne, 2 vols (Paris: Dondey-Dupré, 1824–5), vol. 2, 340.
23. I. Th. Kakridis, Οι αρχαίοι Ελληνες στη νεοελληνική λαϊκή παράδοση [The Ancient Greeks in the Modern Greek Popular Tradition] (Athens: Cultural Foundation of the National Bank [MIET], 1997; first published in German, 1966), 39.