4. FIRST STEPS

1. George Finlay, History of the Greek Revolution, 2 vols (Edinburgh: Blackwood, 1861), vol. 2, 290–93; Panagiotis Soutsos, Ο Λέανδρος [Leander], ed. A. Samouil (Athens: Nefeli, 1996; first published Nafplio, 1834), 130.

2. Leonard Bower and Gordon Bolitho, Otho I, King of Greece: A Biography (London: Selwyn and Blount, 1939), 72; Thomas Gallant, The Edinburgh History of the Greeks, 1768 to 1913 (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2015), 110.

3. Alexis Politis, Ρομαντικά χρόνια. Ιδεολογίες και νοοτροπίες στην Ελλάδα του 1830–1880 [Romantic Years: Ideologies and Mentalities in Greece, 1830–1880] (Athens: Mnimon, 1993), 108.

4. Leo von Klenze, speaking on the Acropolis in 1833, cited in Yannis Hamilakis, The Nation and its Ruins: Antiquity, Archaeology, and National Imagination in Greece (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007), 61, 89.

5. Roderick Beaton, An Introduction to Modern Greek Literature, 2nd ed. (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1999), 307–8; Peter Mackridge, Language and National Identity in Greece, 1766–1976 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009), 182–4.

6. Athina Kakouri, 1821. Η αρχή που δεν ολοκληρώθηκε (Athens: Patakis, 2013).

7. John Koliopoulos and Thanos Veremis, Greece: The Modern Sequel, from 1821 to the Present (London: Hurst, 2002), 229.

8. Soutsos, Λέανδρος [Leander], 101; Elli Skopetea, Το «πρότυπο βασίλειο» και η Μεγάλη Ιδέα. Όψεις του εθνικού προβλήματος στην Ελλάδα (1830–1880) [The ‘Model Kingdom’ and the Grand Idea: Aspects of the National Problem in Greece (1830–1880)] (Athens: Polytypo, 1988), 274.

9. John Petropulos, Politics and Statecraft in the Kingdom of Greece, 1833–1843 (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1968), 445.

10. Η της τρίτης Σεπτεμβρίου εν Αθήναις Εθνική Συνέλευσις. Πρακτικά [The ‘3 September’ National Assembly in Athens: Proceedings] (Athens, 1844; photographic reprint, Athens and Komotini: A. N. Sakkoulas, 1993), 190–4 (190 quoted).

11. James Emerson, The History of Modern Greece, from its Conquest by the Romans B.C. 146, to the Present Time (London: Colburn & Bentley, 1830); Johann Wilhelm Zinkeisen, Geschichte Griechenlands vom Anfange geschictlicher Kunde bis auf unsere Tage (Leipzig: Barth, 1832); George Finlay, A History of Greece: From its Conquest by the Romans to the Present Time, 7 vols (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1877; originally published between 1844 and 1861).

12. Spyridon Zambelios, Άσματα δημοτικά της Ελλάδος [Folk Songs of Greece] (Corfu: Ermis, 1852), 5–7 (5 quoted).

13. G. Babiniotis, Λεξικό της νέας ελληνικής γλώσσας [Dictionary of the Modern Greek Language], 2nd edn (Athens: Centre for Lexicography, 2002).

14. Zambelios, Άσματα δημοτικά [Folk Songs], 20, 63–5, 23.

15. Konstantinos Paparrigopoulos, Ιστορία του ελληνικού έθνους [History of the Greek Nation] (Athens: Koromilas, 1853), 1 (original emphasis).

16. Paschalis Kitromilides, ‘On the intellectual content of Greek nationalism: Paparrigopoulos, Byzantium and the Great Idea’, in David Ricks and Paul Magdalino (eds), Byzantium and the Modern Greek Identity (Aldershot: Ashgate, 1998), 25–33 (28 quoted).

17. Dolphus Whitten, ‘The Don Pacifico affair’, The Historian 48/2 (1986), 255–67 (260 quoted).

18. Robert Holland and Diana Markides, The British and the Hellenes: Struggles for Mastery in the Eastern Mediterranean 1850–1960 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006), 60, citing a letter of 4 November 1862.

19. Skopetea, Το «πρότυπο βασίλειο» [The ‘Model Kingdom’], 240–41, 235.

20. Finlay, History, vol. 2, 382.

21. Skopetea, Το «πρότυπο βασίλειο» [The ‘Model Kingdom’], 162.