1. George Finlay, A History of Greece: From its Conquest by the Romans to the Present Time, 7 vols (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1877), vol. 7, 281.
2. Eleutherios Prevelakis, British Policy towards the Change of Dynasty in Greece (Athens: n.p., 1953), 167–8; facsimile treaties in J. M. Wagstaff (ed.), Greece: Ethnicity and Sovereignty, 1820–1994. Atlas and Documents (Archive Editions, [Cambridge: Cambridge University Press], 2002), 178–90. The Greek title, proposed by the National Assembly in 1863 and in use for more than a century after that, is Βασιλεύς των Ελλήνων. The official translation was emended from Roi des Grecs to Roi des Hellènes.
3. Walter Christmas, King George of Greece (New York: McBride, Nast, 1914); Aristea Papanikolaou-Kristensen (ed. and trans.), «Φίλτατε …». Επιστολές από την Ελλάδα 1897–1913 [“Dear …”: Letters from Greece 1897–1913] (Athens: Ermis, 2006).
4. Konstantinos Svolopoulos, ‘Η εξωτερική πολιτική του Χαριλάου Τρικούπη. Διαχρονική θεώρηση’ [‘The foreign policy of Charilaos Trikoupis: A diachronic perspective’], in Kaiti Aroni-Tsichli and Lydia Tricha (eds), Ο Χαρίλαος Τρικούπης και η εποχή του [Charilaos Trikoupis and his Times] (Athens: Papazisis, 2000), 28.
5. Mark Mazower, The Balkans (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 2000), 1–4.
6. Gerasimos Augustinos, The Greeks of Asia Minor (Kent, OH: Kent State University Press, 1992), 199.
7. Konstantinos Svolopoulos, Κωνσταντινούπολη 1856–1908. Η ακμή του Ελληνισμού [Constantinople 1856–1908: The High Point of Hellenism] (Athens: Ekdotiki Athinon, 1994), 37–8.
8. George Vassiadis, The Syllogos Movement of Constantinople and Ottoman Greek Education, 1861–1923 (Athens: Centre for Asia Minor Studies, 2007), 55–6.
9. Alexis Politis, Ρομαντικά χρόνια. Ιδεολογίες και νοοτροπίες στην Ελλάδα του 1830–1880 [Romantic Years: Ideologies and Mentalities in Greece, 1830–1880] (Athens: Mnimon, 1993), 103–4, quoting in Greek translation Georges Perrot, Souvenirs d’un voyage en Asie Mineure (Paris, 1864), 11.
10. Hasan Kayalı, ‘Elections and the electoral process in the Ottoman Empire, 1876–1919’, International Journal of Middle East Studies 27/3 (1995), 265–86 (see 266–7); Alexandros Alexandris, ‘Οι Έλληνες στην υπηρεσία της Οθωμανικής αυτοκρατορίας 1850–1922’ [‘Greeks in the service of the Ottoman Empire 1850–1922’], Δελτίον της Ιστορικής και Εθνολογικής Εταιρείας της Ελλάδος [Bulletin of the Historical and Ethnological Society of Greece] 23 (1980), 378–9, citing a letter from the representatives of Pera to Lord Salisbury, December 1876.
11. See Thomas Gallant, The Edinburgh History of the Greeks, 1768 to 1913 (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2015), 170–71, for a compilation of competing census data from the period; see Mark Mazower, Salonica: City of Ghosts (London: HarperCollins, 2004), 269, for what are probably the most accurate figures.
12. Augustinos, Greeks, 241, cf. 197, citing in translation letters from the Educational Society of Raidestos to the Hellenic Literary Association of Constantinople, dated 1871 and 1872.
13. Vasilis Gounaris, Τα Βαλκάνια των Ελλήνων. Από το Διαφωτισμό έως τον Α΄ Παγκόσμιο Πόλεμο [The Balkans of the Greeks: From the Enlightenment to the First World War] (Thessaloniki: Epikentro, 2007), 403–4.
14. Mazower, Salonica, 245.
15. Kostas Kostis, History’s Spoiled Children: The Formation of the Modern Greek State, trans. Jacob Moe (London: Hurst, 2018; Greek original published in 2013), 207, citing a speech to parliament in 1894.
16. Andrew Mango, Atatürk (London: John Murray, 1999), 42–3.
17. Kostis, History’s Spoiled Children, 230–33.