Abell, Bess, 246
Adams, Abigail Smith, xiv, 6–11, 12, 14, 16, 22, 26, 27, 30–32, 35, 45, 51, 52, 62, 67, 69, 203, 265
accusation against, 8
marriage, 8
as “minister without portfolio,” 9
in Philadelphia, 9–10
Adams, Ansel, 266
Adams, Charles Francis, 27
Adams, Henry (Democracy), 94
Adams, John Quincy, xvii, xviii, 4, 9, 10–12, 14, 19–24, 40, 47, 62
anniversary of Andrew Jackson’s victory (1815), 21
Declaration of Independence, 24
as secretary of state, 19–21
Adams, Louisa Johnson, xiv, xviii, 19–24, 26, 29, 35, 46, 181
“Adventures of a Nobody,” 23–24
courage, xiv
health, 22
in Paris, 30
age, 41–42
“rounding off,” 40–41
Agnew, Spiro, 263
Agricola’s De Re Metallica (Bauer), 180
Alexander, Shana, 247
All Our Children: Families Under Pressure
in the United States (Carnegie Council), 301
American Heritage Dictionary, The, 361n7
American Historical Review, The, 387n102
American Magazine, 69
American Wife (Sittenfeld), 333
American Women’s Committee, 180
America’s Treasures Act, 332
Ames, Mary Clemmer, xv, 88, 93
Anderson, Judith Icke, 132
Anderson, Marian, 202
“Angels’ Jail,” 116
An Invitation to the White House (Clinton), 318
Anthony, Susan B., 95
Arthur, Chester, 86, 104, 228, 362n15
presidency, 104
Astaire, Fred, 267
Atlantic, 294
Atlantic Monthly, 257
Auchincloss, Hugh, 226
Austin’s Habitat for Humanity, 324
Babbitt, Harriet, 303
Babcock, Orville E., 84
Babson, Roger W. (Cox: The Man), 384n13
Balanchine, George, 227
Baldrige, Letitia, 227, 257, 277, 362n9
Banner, Lois, 196
Barbara Bush Foundation for Family Literacy, 291
Beecher, Catharine
on female debility, 51, 52, 370n82
Begin, Menachem, 273
Belknap, William, 84–85
Bell, John, 72
Bennetts, Leslie, 313
Bergman, Ingrid, 214
Bernhardt, Sarah, 79
Beschloss, Michael, 316
Bethune, Mary McLeod, 201
Better Homes and Gardens, 219, 220
Bird, Lady Isabella Lucy, 53
Black, Ruby, 201
Blanton, Margaret, 58
Boston Globe, 347
Bradwell, Myra, 79
Breckinridge, John, 72
Britten, Nan, 163
The President’s Daughter, 164
Brooke, Edward, 300
Brown, Jerry, 305
Brown, John, 45
Bruck, Connie, 313
Bryan, Mary Baird, 111–12, 115–16, 307, 320
marriage, 116
Bryan, Ruth, 117–18
Bryan, William Jennings, 115–16, 131, 142
“cross of gold” oration, 115
death, 117
marriage, 116
presidency, 43
Bumiller, Elisabeth, 326
Bundy, McGeorge, 246
Bunner, Rudolph, 65
Bureau of Labor Statistics, 177
Burr, Aaron
vice presidency, 12
Burros, Marian, 309
Bush, Barbara Pierce, 260, 285, 295, 296, 324
early years, 285–86
as First Lady, 289–93
illness, 290
married life, 286–89
studies, 295
work, 295
Bush, Dorothy, 323
Bush, George Herbert Walker, 286–93
as chairman of Republican National Committee, 288
studies, 286–87
marriage, 286
as Permanent U.S. Representative to the United Nations, 288
presidential campaign, 288–89
presidency, 289–93
as head of U.S. Liaison Office, 288
Bush, George W., 287, 295, 303, 309, 321–34, 340, 362n15
governorship, 324
marriage, 323
PEPFAR and, 328
presidency, 324–34
terrorist attacks on September 11, 326
trip to Afghanistan, 329
Bush, Jeb, 287
Bush, Jenna, 324
as ambassador for The Heart Truth, 332
on Burma’s oppressive government, 329
early years, 321–22
as First Lady, 324–34
honorary chairmanship of U.S.-Afghan Women’s Council, 329
marriage, 323
in National Book Festival, 325–26
PEPFAR and, 328
“Poetry and the American Voice” and, 330
on Taliban’s oppression against women and children, 327
teaching in Houston, 322–23
terrorist attacks Sept. 11, 2011 and, 326
Texas life, 324
trip to Afghanistan, 329
trip to Mae La refugee camp, 329
Whatever the Wind Delivers, 321
Bush, Robin, 287
Butler, Nicholas Murray, 169
Butt, Archibald, 124
Calhoun, Floride, 63
Calhoun, John, 35
Campbell, Karlyn Kohrs, 328, 341
Carnegie Council, 301
Carpenter, Liz, 213, 245, 246, 344
Carson, Rachel, 243
Carter, Amy, 353
Georgia governorship, 267
political career, 269
presidential campaign, 270–71
U.S. Naval Academy, 268
Carter, Rosalynn Smith, xviii, xix, 67, 134, 260, 263, 267–77, 283, 289, 310, 311, 336, 343
in 1976 election, xix
“People, Parties and Protocol,” 275
studies, 268
trip to Central and South American countries, 271–72
trip to Thailand, 273
work with President’s Council on Mental Health, 272–73
Cassatt, Mary, 138
Cassini, Oleg, 227
“cave dwellers,” 36, 50, 52, 56, 59, 73, 85
CCC. See Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
Center for Puerto Rican Studies, 306
Century, 113–14
Chase, Kate, 75
Chicago Exposition (1893), 140
Children’s Defense Fund, 306
Chisholm, Shirley, 338–39
Churchill, Winston, 208
Church of Jesus Christ of the Latter Day Saints, 96
Citizens’ Suffrage Association of Philadelphia, 89
Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), 195, 196
Civil Rights Act of 1964, 247
Civil War, xv, 44, 69, 72, 78, 80, 81, 90, 99, 107, 192
Clapper, Raymond, 199
class, 326–27
Cleveland, Esther, 108
Cleveland, Frances Folsom, 105, 106, 122, 230
death, 108
marriage, 105
remarriage, 108
temperance, 107
Cleveland, Grover, 86, 105–6, 146, 356
death, 108
marriage, 105
presidential campaign, 107
campaigning for wife’s candidacy, 336, 337, 340–41, 342
Linda Tripp and, 315
Monica Lewinsky and, 315
presidential campaign, 303–5
re-election, 315
in television programs, 304
Whitewater investment, 311
Clinton, Chelsea Victoria, 295–96, 303, 314, 341
Clinton, DeWitt, 15
Clinton, Hillary Rodham, xix, 294, 297–320, 333, 340, 341, 342, 343–44
on Afghan women’s rights, 328
An Invitation to the White House, 318
Children’s Defense Fund and, 306
directorship of New World Foundation, 305–6
early life, 297–303
studies Standards Committee and, 308
as First Lady, 308–20
Fourth World Conference on Women (United Nations), 314
glamor, 311
It Takes a Village and Other Lessons Our Children Teach Us, 314
marital life, 303
presidential campaign, 335, 344
as secretary of state, 347
in television programs, 304
United Nations Fourth World Conference on Women (Beijing 1995), 347
Cocke, John, 19
Collier, Peter
The Kennedys: An American Drama, 362n9
Collingswood, Charles, 229
Collins, Frederick, 182
Comerford, Cristeta, 330
Commager, Henry Steele, 80
Commission of Fine Arts, 227
Commission on the Status of Women, 233
Committee for a More Beautiful Capital, 243
Committee in Support of the People of El Salvador, 306
Commoner, 117
Conkling, Roscoe, 102
Constantia. See Murray, Judith Sargent
Consumers’ League, 201
Coolidge, Calvin, xvi, 157, 170–76
death, 176
presidency, 174–75
vice presidency, 174
Coolidge, Calvin, Jr., 175
Coolidge, Grace Goodhue, 157, 158, 170–76, 182, 228
studies, 158–59
as First Lady, 174–75
marriage, 159
“The Real Calvin Coolidge,” 176
teaching the deaf, 159
“Watch Fires,” 175–76
widowhood, 176
Cooper, Thomas, 47
Corcoran Gallery of Art, 44
Council of Economic Advisers, 246
Couric, Katie, 345
Cox, Margaret Blair, 157
Crawford, William, xviii
Croly, Jennie June, 87
Current Opinion, 142
Daley, Richard, 350
Dallas, George, 65
DAR. See Daughters of the American Revolution
“Darby and Joan,” 9
Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR), 198, 202, 214
Davis, Elizabeth, 96
Davis, John, 229–30
Dayton, Katharine, 362n7
Dear Bess, 208
Deaver, Michael, 280
de la Renta, Oscar, 330
Dellums, Ron, 339
Democracy (Adams), 94
DePriest, Oscar, 186
De Wolfe, Henry A., 160
Dewson, Molly, 195, 196, 198, 201
Dickens, Charles, 87
Dickinson, Anna, 103
Dies, Martin, 199
Dillon, Douglas, 227
Dixon, Jane, 166
Dole, Elizabeth, 340
Dole, Robert, 285
Donelson, John, 38
Doud, Elivera Carlson, 220
Douglas, Helen Gahagan, 213, 251
Douglas, Michael, 322
Douglas, Stephen, 72
Douglass, Frederick, 338
Dreams from My Father (Obama), 351
Dress Institute, 218
Drown, Helene, 256
Duchess of Windsor, 53
due process, 301
Dukakis, Kitty, 303
Eaton, Peggy, 62
Economy Act of 1933, 195
Edelman, Marian Wright, 300
Education Standards Committee, 308
Edwards, Elizabeth, 336–37
Edwards, India, 232
Edwards, Puritan Jonathan, 120
Ehrlichman, John, 254
Eisenhower, Dwight, 216, 232, 252
Chief of Staff, 217
Commander of NATO forces, 217
President of Columbia University, 217
Eisenhower, John, 222
Eisenhower, Julie Nixon, 257–58
Eisenhower, Mamie Doud, xvi, 215, 225, 227, 336
claim to fashion fame, 219
World War II, 216
election process, xix
Elle, 312
Equal Rights Amendment (ERA), 201, 263, 264–65, 275, 271
Equal Rights Party. See National Equal Rights Party
ERA. See Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)
Exner, Judith, 163–64
Faircloth, Michael, 330
Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting, 306
Family Circle, 308
Farley, James, 197
Federal City, The, 80
Federal Emergency Relief Administration, 196
Federal Farm Board, 177
Federal Writers’ Project, 197
Federation of Women’s Clubs, 217
“Female Advocate,” 25
Feminine Mystique, The (Friedan), 278
Ferraro, Geraldine, 64, 291, 296, 307
Few, Frances, 15
Fillmore, Abigail, 36, 40, 48, 49–51, 52
as First Lady, 50–51
marriage, 50
marriage, 50
First Lady(ies). See also individual entries Good Housekeeping’s ranking of, 417
historians’ ranking of, 413–14, 416, 418, 419
professors’ ranking of, 415
the term, xv. See also Lady Washington; Presidentress
Fischer, David Hackett, 40, 41
Growing Old in America, 40
Fisk, Jim, 84
Fiske, Robert B., 313
Flowers, Gennifer, 304
Ford, Elizabeth Bloomer Warren (Betty), xviii, xix, 59, 165, 253, 260, 275, 276, 283, 291, 353
as congressional wife, 261–62
dance career, 265–66
Equal Rights Amendment and, 263, 264–65
fellowship from National Academy of Design, 266, 381n81
as First Lady, 263–67
illness, 262
marriage, 261
congressional life, 261–62
Equal Rights Amendment and, 263, 264–65
marriage, 261
presidency, 263–67
For the Record (Regan), 284
Forty-Two Years at the White House, 184
Foundry Methodist Church, 93
Fourth World Conference on Women (United Nations), 314
Frémont, Jessie Benton, 66
Friedan, Betty, 278
Fulton, James G., 212
Galt, Norman, 146
Gann, Dolly, 186
Gardiner, Julia, 146
Garfield, James, 86, 98–101, 152
assassination, 100–101
death, 362n15
married life, 98–100
presidency, 100
studies, 98
1872 suffrage convention and, 102
Garfield, Lucretia Rudolph, xiii–xiv, 86, 97–103
as First Lady, 100
married life, 98–100
participation in husband’s public memorial services, 101
temperance, 101–2
widowhood, 100–101
Garner, Ettie Rheiner, 195
Gary, Elbert, 134
Gates, George, 209
Geer, Emily Apt, 95
gender gap, in political consciousness, 296–97
Geneva Summit Conference 1985, xvii
George Washington University, 214
Gephardt, Jane, 303
Gibson, Charles Dana, 182
Gibson, Charlie, 345
Gilded Age, 82
Gilman, Charlotte Perkins, 129
Gilpin, Henry Dilwood, 65
Giuliani, Rudolph, 318
Glasgow, Ellen
The Vein of Iron, 267
Good Housekeeping, 110, 142, 171, 193, 200, 211, 222, 262, 267, 292
ranking of twentieth-century First Ladies (1980), 417
Gorbachev, Mikhail, 343
Gorbachev, Raisa, 362n13
Gordon, Meryl, 312
Gore, Tipper, 303
Gould, Jack, 229
Gould, Jay, 84
Gould, Lewis, 323
Grace of Monaco, Princess, 267
Grant, Cary, 267
Grant, Jesse, 81
Grant, Julia
Memoirs, 275
Grant, Julia Dent, xiv, xv, 60, 74, 80, 86, 91
Civil War years, 81
as First Lady, 83
marriage, 81
memoirs of, 83–84
Grant, Ulysses S., 80
Civil War years, 81
marriage, 81
presidency, 83
Whiskey Ring scandal and, 84
Grayson, Cary, 151
Great Depression, 176, 187, 185, 195
Green, Michael, 330
Greenfield, Meg, 246
Growing Old in America (Hackett Fischer), 40
Gutin, Myra, 328
Hagerty, James, 222
Hagner, Belle, 123
Haig, Alexander, 283
Hailparn, Lenore, 215
Haldeman, H.R., 254
Hamill, Sam, 330
Hamilton, Alexander, 5
Harding, Florence Kling, 59, 117, 157, 158–70, 182, 233
death, 168
studies, 159
Evalyn Walsh McLean and, 162–63
as First Lady, 165–69
marriage to Henry A. De Wolfe, 160
marriage to Warren Harding, 159–60
Teapot Dome scandal and, 181
Harding, Phoebe Dickerson, 161
Harding, Warren G., 157–70
death, 157
marriage, 159–60
as Ohio senator, 162
presidency, 165–69
presidential campaign, 163–65
Harkin, Ruth, 303
Harper’s Weekly, 123
Harriman, Florence Jaffray, 151, 171, 213
minister to Norway, 201
Harrison, Anna Symmes, 36, 45, 46, 48, 289
Harrison, Benjamin, 108
marriage, 108
presidency, 109
Harrison, Caroline Scott, 108, 124, 145
death, 111
as First Lady, 109–10
marriage, 108
as “New Woman,” xx
paid housework campaign and, 109–10
President’s House, modernizing, 109
Harrison, William Henry, 45, 101
Hart, Gary, 304
Hart, Lee, 304
Hayes, Fanny, 89
Hayes, Lucy Webb, xv, 86, 87, 88–97, 158, 165
ban on alcohol, 94
Civil War, 90–91
studies, 89
family, 88
as First Lady, 92–96
marriage, 89
as “New Woman,” xx
temperance, 95
Hayes, Rutherford B., 88–97
ban on alcohol, 94
Civil War, 90–91
governorship, 91
marriage, 89
presidency, 92–96
presidential campaign, 91–92
Headstart, 243
Helm, Edith, 211
Henderson, John, 169
Hepburn, Katharine, 267
Herndon, William, 77
Highway Beautification Act of 1965, 245
Highway Trust Fund, 245
Hill, Anita, 297
Hills, Carla Anderson, 265
Hitchcock, Gilbert, 152
Hobby, Oveta Culp, 218
Holliday, Judy, 219
Holloway, Laura (Ladies of the White House), 96–97, 361n7
Holmes, Oliver Wendell, 93
Hoover, Allan, 179
as food administrator, 180–81
life in China, 178–79
as secretary of commerce, 181–82
Hoover, Ike, 131
Hoover, Lou Henry, xiv, 59, 157, 158, 176–88, 228, 242, 327, 353
death, 184
life in China, 178–79
studies, 159
Horowitz, David (The Kennedys: An American Drama), 362n9
Hosmer, Harriet, 138
House Rules Committee, 245
Houston, Jean, 315
Howe, Louis, 193
Hubbard, Robert J., 35
Hubbell, Webster, 302
Hughes, Charles Evans, 168, 169
Hughes, Karen, 328
Hughes, Langston, 327
Humphrey, Hubert, 248
Humphrey, Muriel, 224
Independent Review, 252
Independent Woman, 215
Inman, Henry, 43
International Women’s Day, 328
Ireland, Patricia, 313
Irving, Washington, 14
It Takes a Village and Other Lessons Our Children Teach Us (Clinton), 314
Jackson, Andrew, xviii, 4, 34–40, 62, 63–64
marriage, 37–38
vice presidency, 42–43
Jackson, Rachel, 36–40, 62, 278
death, 40
marriage, 37–38
Jaffray, Elizabeth, 133, 147, 151
James, Henry
Pandora, 93–94
Javits, Marion, 253
Jefferson, Martha Wayles Skelton, 13, 27
Jefferson, Thomas, xix, xx, 12, 27, 31, 36, 40, 41
Jenkins, Walter, 244
Jenkinsism, xx
John Powers Agency, 266
Johns Hopkins Medical School, 111
Johnson, Andrew
impeachment, 57–58
vice presidency, 56
Johnson, Claudia Alta Taylor (Lady Bird), xix, 152, 224, 231, 234–48, 271, 289, 310, 331, 336, 344
beautification project, 242–43
as congressional wife, 237–39
courtship, 236
early life, 235–36
as First Lady, 241–48
honorary chairman of Headstart program, 243
Johnson, Eliza McCardle, xiv, 36, 45, 48, 56–58
illness, 56
impeachment of Andrew, 57–58
Johnson, Lyndon Baines, 233–48, 340
Civil Rights Act of 1964, 247
congressional life, 237–39
Highway Beautification Act of 1965, 245
presidency, 241–48
vice presidency, 240–41
Vietnam War, 245–46
Voting Rights Act of 1965, 247–48
“Just Say No to Drugs,” 310
Kaufman, George S., 362n7
Kemp, Jack, 285
Kennedy, Caroline, 353
Kennedy, Jacqueline Bouvier, xiv, xvi, 217, 224–34, 241, 242, 246, 255, 277, 281, 316, 362n9
early years, 226
as First Lady, 226–32
participation in televised tour of White House, 229
widowhood, 233–34
Kennedy, John F., 204, 213, 227–34, 257, 294, 304
assassination, 233
Commission on the Status of Women, 233
presidency, 227–32
Cuban missile crisis (1962), 294
Kennedy, Rose, 232
Kennedy, Ted, 304
Kerry, John, 336
Kitt, Eartha, 245–46
Klemesrud, Judy, 275
Knoxville Argus, 63
Koenig, Louis, 116
Kristol, William, 345
Krock, Arthur, 199
Kyi, Aung San Suu, 329
Ladies’ Home Journal, 110, 181, 123, 132, 142
Ladies of the White House (Holloway), 96–97
Lady Washington, the term, xv. See also First Lady(ies); Presidentress
Lafayette, Marie-Adrienne, 28
Lamberth, Royce C., 310
language, 41
Lape, Esther, 192
Lash, Joseph, 190, 197, 205, 222
Lathrop, Julia, 135
Latrobe, Benjamin, 14
Laura Bush Foundation for America’s Libraries, 326
Laxalt, Paul, 284
Lazio, Rick, 318
League of Women Voters, 192
Lear, Tobias, 7
Lee, Robert E., 81
Legal Services Corporation, 305
Lehman, Herbert, 222
Leslie’s Magazine, 73
Lewinsky, Monica, 315
Lewis, David Levering, 326
Lewis, John L., 200
Life, 300
“Life Saving Station,” 95
Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act, 354
Limerick, Patricia Nelson, 327
Lincoln, Abraham, xx, 70–76, 101
marriage, 72
presidency, 72–76
Lincoln, Mary Todd, xiv, xvi, 36, 56, 59, 60, 70–80, 111
courtship, 78
in Europe, 76
family, 71
as First Lady, 76
marriage, 72
mental problems, 78–79
stories of treachery, 73, 74–75
widowhood, 76–77
Lindbergh, Charles, 200
Liston, Henrietta, 9
Literary Club, 94
Livermore, Mary, 87
Lockwood, Belva, 338
Longworth, Alice Roosevelt, 134, 162, 165, 186, 187, 192
Longworth, Nicholas, 123
Look, 217
Louchheim, Katie, 230
Lowell, Josephine Shaw, 88
Luce, Clare Booth, 214
Lyons, Leonard, 214
Madison, Dolley Payne Todd, xix–xx, 12, 13–17, 18, 22, 26, 27–28, 43, 44, 45
as First Lady, 17
hostess to Thomas Jefferson, 12, 13
marriage to James Madison, 13
Madison, James, xix–xx, 14, 14
marriage, 13
as secretary of state, 12
war on Great Britain (1812), 15
Mangione, Jerre, 197
Manning, Helen Taft, 135–36
Marcos, Ferdinand, 284
Marion Star, 160
Marshall, Thomas R., xvii
Mawr, Bryn, 86
McAdoo, Eleanor Wilson, 150
McBride, Anita, 330
McCaffree, Mary Jane, 220, 223
presidential campaign, 344, 345–46
McCall’s, 215
McCarthy, Abigail, xvi, 234, 262, 267
McCarthy, Eugene, 248, 262, 299
McClure’s, 122
McCormack, Ellen, 339
McElroy, Mary, 104
McKell, Phebe, 96
McKinley, Ida Saxton, 58, 111–15, 117, 320
early years, 112
illness, 112
marriage, 112–13
widowhood, 114
McKinley, William, 112–14, 128
assassination, 114
governorship, 113
marriage, 112–13
presidency, 113–14
Spanish-American War and, 114
McLean, Edward, 165
McLean, Evalyn Walsh, 162–63, 167, 168
Means, Marianne, 208
Mental Health Systems Act, 272
Mercer, Lucy, 192
Mexican-American War, 48
Miller, Merle, 216
Millie’s Book as Dictated to Barbara Bush, 290–91
Mills, Elijah, 365n83
Mobile Alabama Press, 186
Money, 307
Monroe, Elizabeth Kortright, 17–20, 22, 35, 36, 181, 215
illness, 45
Monroe, James, xiv, 17, 27, 228
criticism on mishandling furniture purchases, 19
as minister to France, 28
as secretary of state, 18
Monroe, Maria, 18
Monroe, Marilyn, 219
Montgomery, John R., 42
Moore, Mary Tyler, 267
Morgan, Marabel
The Total Woman, 279
Mott, Lucretia, 68
Moynihan, Patrick, 317
Mr. Madison’s War, 15
“Mr. President,” 4
Mrs. President, the term, xv. See also First Lady(ies)
MS Foundation for Women, 306
Mt. Vernon Banner, 69
Mundy, Liza, 349
Murray, Judith Sargent, 25
Murray, Patty, 297
Murrow, Edward R., 225
“Person-to-Person” program, 229
My Turn, 284
Nation, 114
National Amateur Athletic Association, 181
National Association of Colored Women’s Clubs, 87
National Book Festival, 325–26
National Broadcasting Company, 185, 383n146
National Collection of Fine Arts, 44
National Council of Jewish Women, 87
National Equal Rights Party, 338
National Federation of Business and Professional Women’s Clubs, 222–23
National Gallery, 227
National Institute of Health, 208
National Library, 115
National Organization of Women (NOW), 313
National Park Service, 239
National Review, 352
National Union, 91
National Woman’s Party, 201
National Youth Administration, 198, 200
New International Dictionary, 361n7
New World Foundation, 305–6
New York Art Students’ League, 138
New Yorker, The, 171, 227, 308, 312–13
New York Herald, 91
New York Post, 326
New York Press Club, 87
New York Review of Books, 303
(New York) State Factory Investigating Commission, 201
New York Telegram, 166
New York Times, 49, 105, 144, 150, 186, 196, 211, 213, 216, 229, 234, 266, 273, 275, 283, 309, 311, 313, 314, 326, 328, 329, 332, 343, 356
New York True Sun, 47
Nitze, Paul, 300
Nixon, Julie, 255–56
Nixon, Richard, xviii, 223, 248, 262, 312
presidency, 252–57
resignation, 302
retirement, 257
vice presidency, 252
Watergate, 256
Nixon, Thelma Ryan (Pat), 224–25, 248, 260, 264, 289, 328
early life, 249–50
as First Lady, 252–57
Right to Read program, 249
Nixon, Tricia, 229
Notable American Women, 112
NOW. See National Organization of Women (NOW)
Nussbaum, Bernard, 312
Obama, Barack Hussein, 340, 342
Dreams from My Father, 351
Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act and, 354
presidential campaign, 344
Obama, Michelle Robinson, 333, 337
directorship of Public Allies, 350
early life, 348–50
O’Brien, Patricia, 312
O’Connor, Sandra Day, 296
Odum, Reathel, 211
O’Hagan, Ann, 157
Olivia. See Briggs, Emily
Onassis, Aristotle, 231
Organization of American Historians, 363n23
Owen, Ruth Bryan, 201
Palin, Sarah, 345
campaign, 344–45
vice presidential nomination, 335
Palmer, Mitchell, 153
Pandora, 93–94
Parnis, Mollie, 219
Patterson, Bradley H., 342
Patterson, Martha Johnson, 40, 57
Peace Corps, 298
Peck, Mary Hulbert, 141
Pelosi, Nancy, 335
Pendergast, James, 210
Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, 142
“People, Parties and Protocol,” 275
PEPFAR. See President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR)
Perez, Anna, 290
perfect wife, 215
Perilous Life of a Senator’s Wife (Proxmire), 262
Perkins, Frances, 182, 196, 201, 206
as secretary of labor, 196
Perot, Ross, 292
Peterson, Esther, 233
Peterson’s Magazine, 69
Philadelphia’s Academy of Fine Arts, 141
Philadelphia Times, 92
Pictorial Review, 171
illness, 54
married life, 54
Pierce, Marvin, 285
Pierce, Pauline Robinson, 285
Pierpoint, Robert C., 250–51, 252
Pinckney, Charles Cotesworth, 11
Plain Speaking, 216
“Poetry and the American Voice,” 330
Poitiers, Diane de, 23
Chairman of the House Committee on Foreign Relations, 62
death, 68
marriage, 61
as Speaker of the House of Representatives, 62
Polk, Sarah Childress, xiv, xx, 36, 48, 59, 60–70, 78, 92
studies, 61
lament, 336
married life, 61–63
in Washington, 63
widowhood, 68–70
Poll, Gallup, 195
Powell, Adam Clayton, 214
Pravda, 274
Preserve America, 332
President’s Council on Mental Health, 272
President’s Daughter, The (Britten), 164
President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), 328
Presidentress, the term, xv. See also First Lady(ies)
Prospect, 349
Proxmire, Ellen
Perilous Life of a Senator’s Wife, 262
Pryor, Sarah Agnes, 36, 55, 44–45
PTA, 87
Public Allies, 350
Quayle, Marilyn, 292
Racial equality, 337
Radcliffe, Donnie, 302
Rampersad, Arnold, 327
Random House Dictionary, The, 361n7
“Reach Out and Read” program, 324
Read, Elizabeth, 192
“Ready to Read, Ready to Learn,” 325
“Ready to Read” program, 324
Reagan, Nancy Davis, xvii, 4, 153, 260, 277–84, 309, 343, 362n13
“Associate Presidency,” xviii
Foster Grandparents program and, 281
“Just Say No to Drugs,” 310
My Turn and, 284
Reagan, Ronald, xix, 153, 260, 273, 276, 277–84, 296
assassination attempt on, 281
cancer, 283
Reconstruction Finance Corporation, 177
Redbook, 230
Reedy, George E., xvi
Regan, Donald
For the Record, 284
Republican National Committee, 165
Review of Reviews, 123
Rice, Donna, 304
Riis, Jacob, 122
Rinehart, Mary Roberts, 182
Robards, Lewis, 37–38
Robb, Charles, 251
Robertson, Pat, 285
Robinson, Marian Shields, 348
Robinson, Michelle LaVaughn, 348
Robinson, Fraser, III, 348
Rockefeller, Nelson, 263–64
Rodham, Hugh, 297
Rogers, Will, 172
Roosevelt, Alice Lee, 120, 123
death, 120
marriage, 120
Roosevelt, Edith Carow, 120–26, 133, 134, 154, 155, 320
command over Washington social life, 124
as First Lady, 121–24
marriage, 121
Roosevelt, Eleanor, xiv–xv, xvii, xix, 67, 126, 157, 167, 189–205, 206, 207, 217, 222, 223, 225, 230, 232, 233, 241, 242, 263, 271, 274, 276, 311, 316, 336, 344
death, 204
Democratic Platform Committee and, 193
as First Lady, 195–205
“Flying is Fun,” 200
Great Depression, 195
“My Day,” 198
women’s movement and, 192–93, 195–96
World War II, 200
Roosevelt, Franklin, Jr., 126
Roosevelt, Franklin Delano, 126, 189–205
assistant secretary of the Navy, 191
New York governorship, 189
presidency, 195–205
Roosevelt, James, 197
Roosevelt, Sara Delano, 202
Roosevelt, Theodore, xx, 119–26, 131, 134, 135, 147, 186, 190, 316
marriage to Alice Lee, 120
marriage to Edith Carrow, 121
peace settlement between Russia and Japan, 119
presidency, 130
vice presidency, 122
Rose, Susan Porter, 290
Rostropovich, Mstislav, 274
Rush, Benjamin, 32
Rusk, Dean, 227
Russo-Japanese War, 273
Rutledge, Ann, 77–78
Ryan, Kate Halberstadt Bender, 250
Ryan, William, 250
Sadat, Anwar, 273
Safire, William, 314
Salem Female Academy, 61
Sarabi, Habiba, 329
Saturday Evening Post, 168
Saunders, Frances Wright, 140, 141
Scheb, Walter, III, 330
Schenk, Lynn, 311
Schlesinger, Arthur, Jr., xvi
Scott, Hazel, 214
Seaton, Josephine, 63
Sellers, Charles, 68
Senate Committee on Armed Services, 347
Senate Education Committee, 330
Senate Ethics Committee, 404n69
“Senator John Kennedy and His Bride,” 229
Seneca Falls convention (July 1848), 68
Siena Research Institute, 394n22
Simkhovitch, Mary Kingsbury, 129, 192
Simon, Jeanne, 303
60 Minutes, 304
Smith, Al, 182
Smith, Catherine (Katie), 182
Smith, Margaret Bayard, 34
Smith, Margaret Chase, 338
Smith, Page, 9
Smith, Robert
as secretary of state, 15
Smith, Ursula, 326
Society of Friends, 13
Sontag, Susan, 53
Sonya Live (CNN), 294
Sorosis, 87
Souvestre, Mademoiselle, 190, 192
Stalin, Joseph, 208
1872 suffrage convention and, 102
Stark, Dare, 183
Starr, Kenneth, 314
Stars and Stripes, 216
State Board of Charities, 88
Stepford Wives, The (Levin), 253
Stevens, John Paul, 265
Stevenson, Adlai, 159
Stevenson, Letitia, 320
Stone, Lucy, 89
Story, Joseph, 64
Sumner, Charles, 66–67
Sunshine Club, 87
Susskind, David, 238
Symington, Evelyn, 224
“Take Time for Kids,” 324
Taft, Helen Herron, xiv, 59, 120, 124, 126–27, 163, 243, 274, 336
autobiography, 129
as First Lady, 131–35
illness, 135
marriage, 128
Philippines life, 129
silver wedding anniversary, 133–34
widowhood, 135
Taft, Horace, 127
Taft, Julia, 74
Taft, William Howard, 113, 119, 127, 166
as Chief Justice of Supreme Court, 135
death, 135
marriage, 128
Philippines governorship, 128–29
presidency, 131–35
as secretary of war, 129–30
silver wedding anniversary, 133–34
Task Force on Health Care Reform, 310, 311
Taylor, Lloyd C., Jr., 45
Taylor, Margaret Mackall Smith, 36, 48–49
Texas Broadcasting Corporation, 238
Thatcher, Margaret, 335
Third, 361n7
Thomas, Clarence, 297
Thomas, Helen, 263
Thompson, Malvina, 202
Thoreau, Henry David, 42
Tiffany, Louis, 104
Tilden, Samuel, 88
Tocqueville, Alexis de, 42
Today, 315
Todd, Betsy Humphreys, 71
Todd, Robert, 71
Total Woman, The (Morgan), 279
Travell, Janet, 232
Tripp, Linda, 315
Troy, Gil, 343
Truman, Elizabeth Virginia Wallace (Bess), xvii, 205–15, 217, 225, 227, 230, 242, 262
as First Lady, 211–23
marriage, 207
1944 Democratic Convention and, 213
Truman, Harry, 205–15, 229, 362n15
marriage, 207
1944 Democratic Convention and, 213
presidency, 211–23
vice presidency, 205
Tugwell, Rexford, 197
Twain, Mark, 326
marriage, 47
presidency, 47–48
Tyler, Julia Gardiner, 78, 106, 108, 230
as First Lady, 47–48
marriage, 47
illness, 46–47
Tyler, Priscilla Cooper, 40, 47
United Nations Fourth World Conference on Women (Beijing 1995), 347
Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 204
Up from Slavery (Washington), 353
USA Today, 323
U.S. invasion of Iraq (2003), 331
U.S. Peace Commission, 117
U.S. Senate Exploratory Committee, 317
Valenti, Jack, 238
Van Buren, Angelica Singleton, 40, 42–43, 95
Van Buren, Hannah
death, 51
Van Buren, Martin, 36, 68, 285
presidency, 42–43
Vandenberg, Arthur, 204
Van Ness, Marcia, 63
Vein of Iron, The (Glasgow), 267
Victoria, Queen, 103–4
Villard, Oswald Garrison, 143
Voting
gender gap in, 337–38
Voting Rights Act of 1965, 247–48, 348
Wallace, David, 209
Wallace, Henry, 213
Wallace, Walter, 349
Wall Street Journal, 329
Walton, William, 227
Ward, Barbara, 232–33
Washington, Booker T., 143, 186
Up from Slavery, 353
Washington, George, xvii, 3–4, 5–8, 340
canvassing for advice, 4–6
Washington, Martha, xviii, 3–4, 5–8, 12, 13, 16, 154, 185, 203, 205
form of address, 3
early years, 26
as First Lady, 26
as hostess, 6
later years, 26
in New York, 22
Washington Monthly, 277
Washington Post, 163, 213, 244, 298
Washington Research Project, 300–301
WCTU. See Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)
Webster, Merriam
New International Dictionary, 361n7
Weidenfeld, Sheila Rabb, 264–65
Welch, Harold, 321
Welch, Jenna Hawkins, 321
Wells, Charles Stuart, 338
Welty, Eudora, 326
Whatever the Wind Delivers (Bush), 321
White, T. H., 232
White House Diary, 241
White House Historical Association, 404n68
Wiggins, J. Russell, 244
Willard, Emma, 104
Willard, Frances, 87
Wilson, Edith Bolling Galt, xiv, xvii, 119, 145–55, 260
as First Lady, 147–54
“Gatekeeper Extraordinary,” 154
marriage to Norman Galt, 146
marriage to Wilson 147
“surrogate President,” 154
Wilson, Ellen Axson, 117, 136–45, 154, 161, 182, 242
courtship, 146–47
death, 144
early years, 137–38
in Europe, 140
illness, 144
marriage, 137
New York Art Students’ League, 138–39
segregation of races, support for, 142–44
Wilson, Woodrow, 117, 136–45, 191
Congressional Government, 148
courtship of Ellen Axson, 146–47
marriage to Edith, 147
marriage to Ellen Axson, 137
peace plan, 151
presidency, 136–54
Versailles Peace Conference (1919), 119
women’s suffrage movement and, 148–49
Wisehart, M. K., 193
Wolff, Michael, 356
Woman’s Home Companion, 182
Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU), 87, 94–95
Women’s Division of the Democratic National Committee, 195, 196
Women’s Home Missionary Society, 95
Women’s Liberty Loan Committee, 150
women’s suffrage movement, 102, 148–49
Women’s Trade Union League, 192, 194
Woodbury, Levi, 65
Woodhull, Victoria, 338
presidential campaign, 87–88
Woolf, Virginia, 27
World’s Work, 182
World Trade Center, terrorist attack on, 319, 326
Young, Louise M., 116