Abundance (Diamandis and Kotler), 146
acidification, 29
activism, 94–99
ADHD, 127
Agassiz, Louis, 123
“aha” moments, 131
Albrecht, Glenn, 35
Allen, Colin, 27
Allen, Marjorie, Baroness of Hurtwood, 126
Almada (Portugal), 98
Amazon River, 83
American Humane Association, 108
Amsterdam (Netherlands), 91
Anderson, Will, 145–46
angling, 85
animal activists, 94–99
animal cruelty
in bear-bile industry, 95
in entertainment industry, 39, 111
during filmmaking, 108–9
inconsistent reactions to, 39
news media portrayals of, 102, 113–14
during scientific research, 99, 114
species loss as, 29
Animal Cruelty, Antisocial Behavior, and Aggression (Gullone), 102
Animal Manifesto, The (Bekoff), 3, 122
animals. See nonhuman animals
Animals and Social Work (Ryan), 135, 136–37
animal sentience
animals as “ghosts” and, 112
children’s education about, 133
hunting and, 86
meat diet and, 104–5
minimization of harm and, 72
scientific acceptance of, 1–2, 48–49
Animals in Film (Burt), 106
animal studies, 130
Antarctica, 83
anthropocentrism, 47
Anthropocentrism and Its Discontents (Steiner), 47
anthropology, 7
anthropomorphism, 105–6
anthrozoology, 130
ants, 114
Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, 43
ATVs, 84
Australia, 31
Avatar (film; 2009), 109
balance, right to, 94
Balmford, Andrew, 13
bats, and urban “sky glow,” 92
BBC, 123
bears
Beatley, Timothy, 91
Behavioural Responses to a Changing World (Candolin and Wong), 10
Belt, Valerie, 120–21
Bennett, Elizabeth, 80
Beringer, Almut, 55
Berman, Marc, 56
Berry, Robert, 22
Big City Mountaineers, 132
Billick, Ian, 17–18
biodiversity
“boom,” in Madagascar, 30
human inability to come to terms with, 133–34
human survival dependent on, 28, 29–30
biodiversity loss, 3
certainty of, 81
compassionate conservation and, 79–83
human impact of, 29–30, 135–36
rate of, 30
Three Rs approach to, 81–82
See also species extinction
biology, 7
bio-outcomes, 129
biophilic cities, 90–94
biosphere, tipping point of, 146–47
death of, from impact with buildings, 92
migratory, 28
birth control, 25–26
Birthright (Kellert), 61
Blackfish (documentary film; 2013), 111
Blumstein, Daniel, 58
bobcats, 67
Bolivia, 94
borders
redefining, 12–13
use of term, 13
Boulder County Jail, 132
brain, 56–57
breeding programs, 52
British Columbia (Canada), 85
Brock University, 131
Bruchac, Joseph, 45
Bruskotter, Jeremy, 90
Buckley, Ralf, 84
Buddhism, 46
burnout, dealing with, 142–45
Burt, Jonathan, 106
busy-ness, 34
Butler, Tom, 23
butterflies, 31
Cafaro, Philip, 24
California State University, 13–14
Candolin, Ulrika, 10
carnivores, 9
Carson, Rachel, 29
Cedar Creek Corrections Center (Littlerock, WA), 132
Center for Biological Diversity, 25, 147
Center for Environmental Filmmaking (Washington, DC), 111
Centre for Integral Economics, 85
Challenger, Melanie, 135–36
Change of Heart (Cooney), 135
Chappell, Paul, 146
Cherry, Kendra, 131
Chicago (IL), 91
children
as environmental activists, 119–20
humane education of, 130–33
play and, 126–30
rewilding and, 122
children’s books, unwilding of, 123–24
chimpanzees, 31, 109, 113, 115–17
cities, biophilic, 90–94
Clark, Christopher, 32
Clayton, Susan, 42–43, 65, 134–35
clean air/water, rights to, 94
climate change, 3
animals affected by, 28–29
birth control and, 26
“Noah’s ark” attitude toward, 29
underestimated rate of, 26–27
clownfish, 117
coexistence, 45, 51, 61, 72, 132–33, 144–45
cognitive ethology, 19
College of Wooster, 42–43
Colombia, 94–95
Colorado, 85
Comfortably Unaware (Oppenlander), 36
commonality, seeking areas of, 144–45
common good, the, 82–83
communications technology, 123, 127
companion animals
endangered species as, 116
human relationships with, 53
language used with, 104
Companions in Wonder (ed. Dunlap and Kellert), 131
compassion, 4
animal play behavior and, 128
compassion resulting from, 43, 62, 145
good feelings resulting from, 60–63
human redecoration of nature without, 71–72
moral imperative for, 133
rewilding based in, 4–8, 38, 45–46, 139–42
unwilding and loss of, 35
compassionate conservation, 7, 19, 78–83
computers, 127
condoms, 25
Congo, Democratic Republic of, 31
conservation
behavior modification needed for, 14
media portrayals of endangered species and, 115–17
rewilding and, 8–12
Conservation (journal), 127
conservation education, 130
conservation politics, 136
conservation psychology, 121, 134–37
Conservation Psychology (Clayton and Myers), 134
conservation social work, 134, 136–37
Cooney, Nick, 135
cooperation, 128
Copenhagen Zoo, 52
coral reefs, 76–77
Corbey, Raymond, 15
Costa Rica, 95
Costello, Kimberly, 131–32
Cowling, Richard, 13
cranes, whooping, 147
crocodiles, American, 147
cultural stereotypes, 106
cultures, extinctions of, 136
Daily Kumquat, 53
Dalai Lama, 62
damselfish, Australian, 29
Death in the Afternoon (Hemingway), 41
deer, 115
dehumanization, 132
Denialism (Specter), 36
DeSteno, David, 62
Diamandis, Peter, 146
discouragement, dealing with, 142–45
Disney, Walt, 105–6
dogs, 107–8
domestication, 107
Donaldson, Sue, 136
Donker, Marius, 53–54
doomsday thinking, 37–38
dualisms, false, 19
Dunlap, Julie, 131
Earth
“minding,” 6
tipping point of, 146–47
Earth Summit (Rio de Janeiro; 1992), 119–20
ecolodges, 83
ecology
human inability to come to understand, 133–34
of place, 18
social justice and, 135–37
spiritual, 55 (see also deep ethology)
Ecology of Place (Billick and Price), 17–18
economics
appeals to, 38
green, 75–78
of hunting, 86
moral choices based on, 85–86
ecosystems
compassion and, 46
economic value of, 75–78
human damage inflicted on, 3, 32, 34, 71–72
restoration of, and compassionate conservation, 78–83
ecotourism, 83–85
education
conservation, 130
environmental, 58
“nature time” as part of, 131
Egan, Timothy, 94
Egler, Frank, 26
Ehrlich, Anne, 23
Einstein, Albert, 12
abuse of, during filmmaking, 108
activists working to prevent slaughter of, 98
Asian, and climate change, 28
compassionate behavior of, 53–54
ecotourism and, 84–85
positive media portrayals of, 74
elk, 115
Emotional Lives of Animals, The (Bekoff), 3
Empathic Civilization, The (Rifkin), 148
empathy, 7–8, 45, 47, 128, 148
See also compassion
endangered species
amphibians as, 30
choices for recovery, 79–83
ecotourism and, 84–85
grey wolves as, 107
media misrepresentations of, 107, 115–17
recovery of, 147
Endangered Species Act, 107
England, 82
Entangled Empathy (Gruen), 47
environmental activists, 94–99
Environmental Children’s Organization (ECO), 119–20
environmental education, 58
environmental epiphanies, 131
environmentally friendly products, 37
ethics
of hunting, 86
science and, 2
with teeth, 82
Evolutionary Playwork (Hughes), 128–30
evolutionary theory, 41–42
exercise, physical, 128
existence value, 43
Failure of Environmental Education, The (Saylan and Blumstein), 58
faith, 147
Fatal Light Awareness Program, 92
Ferrucci, Piero, 141
fidelity, rule of, 52
Finding Nemo (film; 2003), 117
Fine, Aubrey, 40
fish, 48
fishing, 85
flandry, 89
food, animals killed for, 39, 87–88, 105
Foster, Richard, 53
four-wheeling, 84
Fox, Michael W., 99
Fraser, Caroline, 9
Freeman, Carrie Packwood, 105
Fromm, Erich, 34
game farms, nature photography at, 110–11
Gardner, Howard, 131
geese, Aleutian Canada, 147
genetic alteration, right to be free of, 94
Georgia State University, 105
Ghosts in Our Machine, The (documentary film; 2013), 111–12
global warming. See climate change
Global White Lion Protection Trust, 98
Goodall, Jane, 3, 27, 120, 121, 145
Gottlieb, Bruce, 143
Grand Teton National Park, 94
Great Work, The (Berry), 54
green economics, 75–78
greenhouse gases, 76
green play, 126–27
Grey, The (film; 2011), 106–7
Griffith University (Brisbane, Australia), 84
group selection, 41–42
Gruen, Lori, 47
guard dogs, 89
Gullone, Eleonora, 102
Gus (dog), 42
habitat destruction, 72
hamsters, 82
harm, minimizing, 70–72
Harré, Niki, 61
Haskell, David, 59–60
healing, 62
Hemingway, Ernest, 41
Hern, Warren, 24–25
“Historical Roots of Our Ecological Crisis, The” (White), 57
“hit men,” 114
Hobbit, The (film; 2012), 108–9
Hodson, Gordon, 131–32
Holocene epoch, 16
Homo denialus, 35–37
honeybees, 80
How Animals Talk (Long), 103
“hug a hunter” program, 85
Hughes, Bob, 128–30
human-animal relationship author’s experience with, 19–20
biophilic cities and, 91
borders in, 12–13
paradoxical nature of, 104
unwilding and, 33–35
human beings
ecological impact of, 3
play behavior of, 123
unique qualities of, 49–50
human exceptionalism, 34, 46–50, 132, 134
Humanity on a Tightrope (Ehrlich and Ornstein), 45
Human Relationship with Nature, The (Kahn), 122
ice, melting of polar caps, 26–27
Idaho, 87
Idaho Springs (CO), 121–22
immigrants, dehumanization of, 132
Institute for Human-Animal Connection (University of Denver), 51, 136
interconnectedness
climate change and, 29
ecology of place and, 18
of ecosystems, 11
education about, 132
human exceptionalism vs., 48
rewilding and importance of, 48, 55–56, 149
spiritual background of, 46
unwilding and inability to see, 35
interdependence, 46
International Centre for Tourism Research, 84
interspecies friendships, 53
intuition, 7
invasive species, 32
Jamaica, 31
Jaws (film; 1975), 107
Kahn, Peter, Jr., 122
Kaye, Cathryn Berger, 131
Keeping the Wild (ed. Wuerthner, Crist, and Butler), 23
Kenya, 84
Kibale National Park (Uganda), 31
Kids’ Guide to Protecting & Caring for Animals, A (Kaye), 131
King, Martin Luther, Jr., 146
kites, red, 82
Kotler, Steven, 146
Kymlicka, Will, 136
language
extinctions of, 136
Lanjouw, Annette, 15
Last Child in the Woods (Louv), 122
Le Page, Michael, 32–33
Life on the Brink (ed. Cafaro and Crist), 24
lifestyles, extinctions of, 136
light pollution, 92
Lincoln Park Zoo (Chicago, IL), 116
Linn, Susan, 127
lions, 66
Lipsky, Laura Van Dernoot, 144
“Little Red Riding Hood,” 106
London, Jack, 103
Long, William J., 103
Louisville (CO), 97
Lutts, Ralph, 103
Lyberth, Angaangaq, 27
Lyman, Howard, 98
Madagascar, 30
mammals, large, 30–31
Mangelsen, Thomas, 110–11
Marius (giraffe), 52
Markman, Art, 90
Marshall, Liz, 111
Mayoral, Francisco, 98
McArthur, Jo-Anne, 112
McKibben, Bill, 16
media
influence of, 102
positivity in, 74
sensationalism in, 102–4
media, animals as portrayed in
animal actors, 108–9
endangered species and conservation status, 115–17
film/TV portrayals, 105–8
nature documentaries/photography, 109–12
news portrayals, 112–15
objectification, 101
Melson, Gail, 122
Merrick, Melinda, 131
Mexico, 98
Meyer, David, 136
migration, 28
“minding animals,” 6–7
Minding Animals (Bekoff), 3
Missouri, 81–82
Mitman, Gregg, 106
Monterey Bay (CA), 31
Moon Bear Rescue Centre (Chengdu, China), 6, 95–96
Moore, Kathleen Dean, 57
moose, 115
Moss, Cynthia, 66
mountain lions. See cougars
multiple intelligences, 131
Münter, Leilani, 98
Murdoch University (Perth, Australia), 35
Myers, O. E. (“Gene”), 122, 134
National Public Radio (NPR), 114
National Snow and Ice Data Center (Boulder, CO), 26–27
Native Americans, 45
naturalistic intelligence, 131
nature
in children’s books, 124
compassion and, 46
enjoyment of, 83–87
firsthand education about, 130
human alienation from, 1–4, 33, 61 (see also unwilding)
human control of, 81
human footprint in, 21–22
human redecoration of, 70–72
population control through, 25
positive effects of, 56–57, 60–63
rights granted to, 94
as “survival of the fittest,” 110
wildness vs. the outdoors, 57
world park preserving, 22–23
nature corridors, 92
nature-deficit disorder, 122, 124–25
nature documentaries, 109–10, 111–12
Nature Fakers, The (Lutts), 103
nature photography, 110–12
Nature Principle, The (Louv), 146
Nature Wars (Sterba), 93
nature writing, 103
Newberry, Ruth, 129
New Scientist, 8, 32–33, 75–77
Niemeyer, Carter, 114–15
Noah (film; 2014), 109
nonhuman animals
in children’s books, 124
climate change impact on, 28–29
compassionate behavior of, 42, 53–54
computer-generated, for filmmaking, 109
dressed as humans, 115
as “ghosts,” 112
illegal trade in, 95
interspecies friendships, 53
language used to refer to, 104–5
“minding,” 6–7
romanticizing, 5
use of term, 3
See also animal emotions; animal sentience; companion animals; human-animal relationship; media, animals as portrayed in; predatory animals; specific animal species
noninterference, rule of, 52
nonmaleficence, rule of, 52
North America, large-mammal loss in, 30–31
Northeastern University, 62
Noss, Reed, 8–9
objectification, 101–4
Obstacles and Catalysts of Peaceful Behavior, 146
ocean acidification, 29
ocean global commons, 32
one-child policies, 26
On Extinction (Challenger), 135–36
Oppenlander, Richard, 36
optimism, rational, 148
Optimism Bias, The (Sharot), 146
Oregon State University, 57
Ornstein, Robert, 45
outdoors, the
fear of, 38
wildness vs., 57
outfitters, 86–87
outgroups, dehumanization of, 132
overconsumption, 23–24, 37, 81
birth control and, 25–26
ecological impact of, 24, 26, 81
as environmental challenge, 71
overconsumption and, 23–24
play and, 123
rate of increase, 24–25
Oxford Handbook of Environmental and Conservation Psychology, The (Clayton), 134–35
Pacelle, Wayne, 75
“pain points,” 23
Palmer, Chris, 106
pandas, 79–80
peacefulness, 72–73
Peaceful Revolution (Chappell), 146
Pearce, Fred, 75–77
philosophy, 7
Phnom Penh (Cambodia), 31
phones, 127
Pierce, Jessica, 82
pikas, American, 28
play
adult-supervised, 124–25, 128, 129
evolutionary playwork, 128–30
importance of, 123
“nature time” as part of, 131
rewilding of, 126–30
risk entailed in, 129
“Playing Into the Future—Surviving and Thriving” conference (Wales; 2011), 123
Play Wales (charity), 126
polar ice, melting of, 26–27
Politics of Species, The (ed. Corbey and Lanjouw), 15
pop culture, 102
Portland State University, 92
positivity, 72–74, 144, 145–49
Power of Kindness, The (Ferrucci), 141
precautionary principle, 27–28, 59
predatory animals
controversies over, 87–90
hunting of, legalized, 85
killing of, as “self-defense,” 114–15
recovery of, in urban environments, 93
sensationalistic media portrayals of, 92–93, 103–4
warding off, 89–90
Price, Mary, 18
Psihoyos, Louie, 98
psychology, 7
Psychology for a Better World (Harré), 61
Psychology Today, 101, 104, 115, 133, 140
raccoons, 113
racial prejudice, 132
rainforests, 77
ranchers, and wolf reintroductions, 87–90
rational optimism, 148
Rational Optimist, The (Ridley), 147–48
Reason for Hope (Goodall), 145
Reel Nature (Mitman), 106
reintroductions, 81–82
religious beliefs, 38
Respect for Nature (Taylor), 52
restitutive justice, rule of, 52
rewilding
author’s experience with, 65–70, 143
children and, 122
compassion as foundation of, 4–8, 38, 45–46
conservation psychology as scientific face of, 134
as conservation strategy, 8–12
of economics, 75–78
of education, 130–33
as flexible concept, 139
good feelings resulting from, 15, 41
human exceptionalism and, 46–50
of language, 104–5
main goal of, 70
media and, 102
moral choices based in, 50–54
as natural, 40–43
need for, 70
as personal life strategy, 12–15, 65–70, 143
of play, 126–30
role models, 94–99
science as insufficient for, 57–60
selfish motives for, 30
as spiritual movement, 54–57
storytelling and, 107–8
of urban landscapes, 90–94
use of term, 124
See also rewilding as social movement
“Rewilding and Biodiversity” (Soulé and Noss), 9
rewilding as social movement compassion as foundation of, 139–42
conservation psychology and, 134–37
dealing with burnout, 142–45
positivity needed in, 145–49
role models, 94–99
unifying influence of, 148–49
Rewilding Europe Project, 91
Rewilding Institute (Albuquerque, NM), 9
rewilding projects, 9–12
Rewilding the World (Fraser), 9
Ridley, Matt, 147–48
rights, of nature, 94
Rise of the Planet of the Apes (film; 2011), 109
roadless areas, 9
Robinson, Jill, 95–96
rodeos, 39
romanticization, 5
Roosevelt, Theodore, 103
Roots & Shoots program, 121
Ross, Stephen, 116
Rud, A. G., 129
Russell, Denise, 136
Russell, Wendy, 124–25
Saylan, Charles, 58
Schroepfer, Kara, 116
Schultz, P. Wesley, 13–14
Schweitzer, Albert, 130
science/scientists
compassion vs., 141
ethics and, 2
human exceptionalism undermined by, 48–49
as insufficient solution, 57–60, 63
of peace, 146
subjectivity and, 4–5
SeaWorld (Orlando, FL), 111, 121
Serengeti, the, 83
Seton, Ernest Thompson, 103
Sharot, Tali, 146
Sheldrake, Rupert, 103
Shermer, Michael, 58
Shooting in the Wild (Palmer), 106
Significance of Children and Animals, The (Myers), 122
Silent Spring (Carson), 29
“sky glow,” 92
slacktivism, 37–40
Social Emotions Group (Northeastern University), 62
socialization, 128
social skills, 128
solastalgia, 35
Soulé, Michael, 8–9, 26, 36–37
South Africa, 98
species extinction
birth control and, 26
compassionate conservation and, 79–83
human impact of, 135–36
human overpopulation as cause of, 24
rate of, 29–30
Three Rs approach to, 81–82
See also biodiversity loss
Specter, Michael, 36
spiders, 31
Spinka, Marek, 129
spiritual ecology, 55
See also deep ethology
Spiritual Ecology (Sponsel), 61
spirituality
animals and, 49
indigenous, 46
rewilding and, 54–57
sponges, 31
starfish, 28
Steiner, Gary, 47
Sterba, Jim, 93
stereotypes, 106
St. Louis Zoo (MO), 113
Stolzenburg, Will, 29
storytelling, 107–8
stress, dealing with, 142–45
suburban development, 34
Super Bowl (2012), 116
survivalism, 38
survival skills, 129
Suzuki, Severn, 119–20
Sweden, 78
Switch, The (film; 2010), 107–8
Tai (elephant), 108
tailorbird, Cambodian, 31
Take Back Conservation (Foreman), 58
tamarins, golden-lion, 81
tarantulas, 31
Taylor, Paul, 52
Tedeschi, Philip, 51
television, 122–23
Ten Trusts, The (Bekoff and Good-all), 3, 27
terns, California least, 147
The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity (TEEB) study, 76–77
This Is Hope (Anderson), 145–46
Three Rs approach, 81–82
Tilikum (orca), 111
tipping point, global, 146–47
Tobias, Michael, 55
trauma, secondary/vicarious, 143, 144
Trauma Stewardship (Lipsky), 144
Treves, Adrian, 90
Trungpa, Chögyam, 1
Tucker, Linda, 98
Turere, Richard, 89
turtles, painted, 28
University of Colorado, 91
University of Cumbria, 127
University of Gloucestershire, 124
University of Groningen (Netherlands), 77
University of Hawaii, 55
University of Nebraska–Lincoln, 124
University of North Carolina, 56
University of Prince Edward Island (Canada), 55
University of the South, 59
University of Virginia, 91
unwilding
alienation from nature and, 33–35
defined, 33
slacktivism and, 37–40
use of term, 124
urban landscapes, rewilding of, 90–94
US Fish and Wildlife Service, 107
values, sacrifice of, 82–83
Vancouver (Canada), 91
vegetarianism/veganism, 97–98,
video games, 123
Vining, Joanne, 131
Virunga Volcanoes and Bwindi Impenetrable National Park (Uganda), 84
Walker, Alice, 139
Wang, Howard, 95–96
Washington, Haydn, 5
water, right to, 94
Water for Elephants (film; 2011), 108
Where the Wild Things Were (Stolzenburg), 29
White, Lynn, 57
Why the Wild Things Are (Melson), 122
wild justice, 128
wildlife, reintroductions of, 10, 81–82
wildlife biologists, 114–15
wildlife tourism, 83–85
wild play, 126
wild/wilderness
the outdoors vs., 57
world park preserving, 22–23
See also rewilding; unwilding
Williams, Al, 124
Williams, Terry Tempest, 8
Wilson, Edward O., 21, 34, 42, 80
Wolfer (Niemeyer), 114
wolves
controversies over, 87–90
killing of, as “self-defense,” 107, 115
recovery of, 147
reintroductions of, 80, 81, 87
sensationalistic media portrayals of, 92–93, 106–7
as sentient animals, 88
Wong, Bob, 10
World of Wounds, A (Ehrlich), 5
“world park” suggestion, 22–23
Wuerthner, George, 23
Wyoming, 87
Yellowstone National Park, 81, 83
Yellowstone to Yukon Conservation Initiative (Y2Y Project), 9, 87–89
Zoque people, 32–33