Bibliography

ARCHIVES, LIBRARIES, AND MUSEUMS

  1. Alfred M. Gray Marine Corps Research Center, Quantico, Va.
  2. Charleston County Public Library, Charleston, SC
  3. Concordia University, St. Paul, Minn.
  4. Daniel Library, The Citadel, Charleston, SC
  5. Dartmouth College, Rauner Special Collections Library, Hanover, NH
  6. Library of Congress, Washington, DC
  7. Marine Corps History Division, Archives Branch, Quantico, Va.
  8. Marlene and Nathan Addlestone Library, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC
  9. Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va.
  10. National Archives and Records Administration, College Park, Md.
  11. National Naval Aviation Museum, Pensacola, Fla.
  12. Navy Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, Falls Church, Va.
  13. Ronald Reagan Presidential Library, Simi Valley, Calif.
  14. U.S. Naval Institute, Annapolis, Md.
  15. University of Kentucky, Special Collections Research Center, Lexington, Ky.

SPECIFIC COLLECTIONS

  1. Marine Corps History Division, Archives Branch, Quantico, Va.
  2. 22nd MAU Command Chronology
  3. 24th MAU Command Chronology
  4. 24th MAU SITREPS
  5. Operations Other than War: Beirut, Lessons Learned and After-Action Reports
  6. Report to Admiral Long
  7. Andrew K. Mull Collection
  8. Bill Stelpflug Collection
  9. Fred Lash Collection
  10. George Converse Collection
  11. Grant McIntosh Collection
  12. Jeremiah Walsh Collection
  13. John Dyer Collection
  14. Richard Blankenship Collection
  15. Richard Dudley Collection
  16. Steven Pitingolo Collection
  17. Ronald Reagan Presidential Library, Simi Valley, Calif.
  18. White House Office of Records Management (WHORM) Subject Files
  19. Ann Higgins Files
  20. Charles P. Tyson Files
  21. Crisis Management Center (CMC), NSC Files
  22. Department of State Publications
  23. Donald R. Fortier Files
  24. European & Soviet Affairs Directorate, NSC–Records
  25. Executive Secretariat, NSC–Cable File
  26. Executive Secretariat, NSC–Country File
  27. Executive Secretariat, NSC–Head of State File
  28. Executive Secretariat, NSC–NSDDs
  29. Executive Secretariat, NSC–NSPGs
  30. Executive Secretariat, NSC–Subject File
  31. H.P. Goldfield Files
  32. John Poindexter Files
  33. Linus J. Kojelis Files
  34. Michael E. Baroody Files
  35. Michael K. Deaver Files
  36. Morton Blackwell Files
  37. National Security Affairs, Office of the Assistant to the President for–Chron File
  38. Near East & South Asia Affairs Directorate, NSC–Records
  39. Office of Correspondence Files
  40. Office of Counsel to the President Files
  41. Office of Media Relations Files
  42. Office of Presidential Advance Files
  43. Office of Speech Writing Files
  44. Office of the First Lady Files
  45. Office of the President, Presidential Briefing Papers
  46. Office of the Presidential Diary Files
  47. Peter M. Robinson Files
  48. Philip A. Dur Files
  49. Presidential Handwriting Files
  50. Richard S. Beal Files
  51. Robert B. Sims Files
  52. Robert C. McFarlane Files
  53. Robert H. Lilac Files
  54. Situation Support Staff Files
  55. William P. Clark Files
  56. National Naval Aviation Museum, Pensacola, Fla.
  57. Captain Michael Ohler Collection

ORAL HISTORIES

  1. Concordia University, St. Paul, Minn.
  2. John Vessey Jr.
  3. Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH
  4. Arnold Resnicoff
  5. Marine Corps History Division, Archives Branch, Quantico, Va.
  6. Granville Amos
  7. Donald Anderson
  8. Steve Anderson
  9. Christopher Ayrey
  10. William Barnetson
  11. Dennis Blankenship
  12. David Buckner
  13. Al Butler
  14. George Converse
  15. Michael Ettore
  16. Jack Farmer
  17. Timothy Geraghty
  18. Christopher Guenther
  19. George Gunst
  20. Thomas Harkins
  21. Forrest Hunt
  22. Charles Johnson
  23. Robert Johnson
  24. Jim Joy
  25. Al Karle
  26. Fred Lash
  27. Michael Leonard
  28. Frank Libutti
  29. Charles Light
  30. John Matthews
  31. James Mead (speech)
  32. James Mead (Lebanon briefing session)
  33. James Mead
  34. Larry Medlin
  35. Robert Melton
  36. Stephen Mikolaski
  37. Reuben Payne
  38. George Pucciarelli
  39. Gary Rainey
  40. Ronald Rice
  41. George Schmidt
  42. James Schulster
  43. Albert Shively
  44. Harry Slacum
  45. Thomas Stokes
  46. Jack Tempone
  47. Ernest Van Huss
  48. Arthur Weber
  49. U.S. Naval Institute, Annapolis, Md.
  50. Robert L. J. Long
  51. U.S. Navy Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, Falls Church, Va.
  52. James Ware

AUTHOR INTERVIEWS

  1. Philip Amrhein
  2. Mauricio Aparicio
  3. Pablo Arroyo
  4. Gilbert Bigelow
  5. Rodney Burnette
  6. Steve Combes
  7. Blaine Cosgrove
  8. Jack Cress
  9. John Dalziel
  10. Kathryn Dempsey
  11. Paul Dziadon
  12. Darius Eichler
  13. Kenneth Farnan
  14. Peter Ferraro
  15. Randy Gaddo
  16. Timothy Geraghty
  17. Mark Hacala
  18. Myron Harrington
  19. Fraser Henderson
  20. Don Howell
  21. Lisa Hudson
  22. Patrick Hutton
  23. John L’Heureux
  24. Robert Jordan
  25. Henry Linkkila
  26. Geoffrey Losey
  27. David Madaras
  28. Burnham Matthews
  29. Tim McCoskey
  30. Neal Morris
  31. Gail Ohler Osborne
  32. Anthony Pais
  33. Arnold Resnicoff
  34. Stephen Russell
  35. Emanuel Simmons
  36. Mark Singleton
  37. John Snyder
  38. Elizabeth Stephens
  39. Robert Sundquist
  40. George Taylor
  41. Micheline Thompson
  42. Michael Toma
  43. Brad Ulick
  44. James Ware
  45. Richard Wells
  46. Daniel Wheeler
  47. Newspapers, Magazines, and Journals
  48. American Diplomacy
  49. Arizona Republic
  50. Asbury Park Press
  51. Baltimore Sun
  52. Boston Globe
  53. Buffalo News
  54. Charlotte Observer
  55. Chicago Tribune
  56. Christian Science Monitor
  57. Cleveland Plain Dealer
  58. Democrat and Chronicle
  59. Durham Sun
  60. Fresno Bee
  61. Guardian
  62. Indiana Gazette
  63. Indianapolis Star
  64. Leatherneck
  65. Los Angeles Times
  66. Macon News
  67. Middle East Journal
  68. Military Medicine
  69. Minneapolis Tribune
  70. Naval History
  71. Neurosurgery
  72. Neurosurgical Focus
  73. New York Times
  74. New Yorker
  75. Newsday
  76. Newsweek
  77. Observer
  78. Orlando Sentinel
  79. Philadelphia Inquirer
  80. Pittsburgh Post-Gazette
  81. Poughkeepsie Journal
  82. Proceedings
  83. San Francisco Examiner
  84. State
  85. Time
  86. U.S. News & World Report
  87. USA Today
  88. Ventura County Star
  89. Wall Street Journal
  90. Washington Post
  91. Winston-Salem Journal

GOVERNMENT REPORTS

  1. Long, Robert, et al. “Report of the DOD Commission on Beirut International Airport Terrorist Act, October 23, 1983.” Dec. 20, 1983.
  2. U.S. Congress. House. Adequacy of U.S. Marine Corps Security in Beirut: Summary of Findings and Conclusions, Report of the Investigations Subcommittee of the Committee on Armed Services. 98th Cong., 1st sess., Dec. 19, 1983. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1983.
  3. U.S. Congress. House. Adequacy of U.S. Marine Corps Security in Beirut,” Report Together with Additional and Dissenting Views of the Investigations Subcommittee of the Committee on Armed Services, 98th Cong., 1st sess., Dec. 19, 1983. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1983.
  4. U.S. Congress, House. Beirut Tragedy: ‘A New Crowd in Town’ and Beirut Casualties: Care and Identification, Report Together with Supplemental Views of the Delegation to Beirut of the Committee on Armed Services and Committee on Veterans’ Affairs. 98th Cong., 1st sess. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1983.
  5. U.S. Congress. House. Full Committee Consideration of Investigations Subcommittee Report on Terrorist Bombing at Beirut International Airport: Hearing Before the Committee on Armed Services. 98th Cong., 2nd sess. Jan. 31, 1984. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1984.
  6. U.S. Congress. House. Full Committee Hearings on the Use of U.S. Military Personnel in Lebanon and Consideration of Report from September 24–25 Committee Delegation to Lebanon. 98th Cong., 1st sess., Sept. 27–28, 1983, Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1984.
  7. U.S. Congress. House. Hearing Before a Subcommittee of the Committee on Appropriations, Situation in Lebanon and Grenada. 98th Cong., 1st sess. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1983.
  8. U.S. Congress. House. “Lebanon: Limited Interest, Limited Involvement, Frequent Accounting.” Report of the Delegation to Lebanon, 1983, of the Committee on Armed Services, House of Representatives 98th Cong., 1st Sess., Oct. 18, 1983. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1983.
  9. U.S. Congress. House. Review of Adequacy of Security Arrangements for Marines in Lebanon and Plans for Improving that Security, Hearings before the Committee on Armed Service and the Investigations Subcommittee of the Committee on Armed Services. 98th Cong., 1st sess., Nov. 1, 2, 12, 13 and Dec. 8, 9, 14, 15, 1983. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1985.
  10. U.S. Congress. House. Statutory Authorization Under the War Powers Resolution – Lebanon, Hearing and Markup Before the Committee on Foreign Affairs. 98th Cong., 1st Sess., Sept. 21–22, 1983. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1983.
  11. U.S. Congress. Senate. The Situation in Lebanon, Hearings Before the Committee on Armed Services. 98th Cong., 1st Sess., Oct. 25 and 31, 1983. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1983.
  12. U.S. Congress. House. The U.S. Embassy Bombing in Beirut, Hearing Before the Committee on Foreign Relations and its Subcommittee on International Operations and on Europe and the Middle East. 98th Cong., 1st Sess., June 28, 1983. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1983.
  13. U.S. Congress. Senate. War Powers Resolution, Hearing Before the Committee on Foreign Relations. 98th Cong., 1st Sess., Sept. 21, 1983. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1983.

BOOKS AND DISSERTATIONS

  1. Baer, Robert. See No Evil: The True Story of a Ground Soldier in the CIA’s War on Terrorism. New York: Crown, 2002.
  2. Berman, Larry, ed. Looking Back on the Reagan Presidency. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press, 1990.
  3. Bird, Kai. The Good Spy: The Life and Death of Robert Ames. New York: Crown, 2014.
  4. Brands, H. W. Reagan: The Life. New York: Anchor Books, 2015.
  5. Burton, Fred, and Samuel M. Katz. Beirut Rules: The Murder of a CIA Station Chief and Hezbollah’s War Against America and the West. New York: Berkley, 2018.
  6. Bush, George H. W. All the Best, George Bush: My Life in Letters and Other Writings. New York: Scribner, 2013.
  7. Cannon, Lou. President Reagan: The Role of a Lifetime. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1991.
  8. Cannon, Lou, and Carl. M. Cannon. Reagan’s Disciple: George W. Bush’s Troubled Quest for a Presidential Legacy. New York: PublicAffairs, 2008.
  9. Clausewitz, Carl von. On War. Ed. and trans. by Michael Howard and Peter Paret. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1984.
  10. Coleman, Bradly Lynn, and Kyle Longley, eds. Reagan and the World: Leadership and National Security, 1981–1989. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2018.
  11. Crist, David. The Twilight War: The Secret History of America’s Thirty-Year Conflict with Iran. New York: Penguin Books, 2012.
  12. Davis, Mike. Buda’s Wagon: A Brief History of the Car Bomb. New York: Verso, 2007.
  13. Deaver, Michael K., with Mickey Herskowitz. Behind the Scenes: In Which the Author Talks About Ronald and Nancy Reagan… and Himself. New York: William Morrow, 1987.
  14. Diaz, Tom, and Barbara Newman. Lightening Out of Lebanon: Hezbollah Terrorists on American Soil. New York: Presidio Press, 2005.
  15. Dolphin, Glenn E. 24 Mau: 1983: A Marine Looks Back at the Peacekeeping Mission to Beirut, Lebanon. Baltimore: Publish America, 2005.
  16. Dougherty, Kevin. Military Decision-Making Processes: Case Studies Involving the Preparation, Commitment, Application and Withdrawal of Force. Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2014.
  17. Dur, Philip A. Between Land and Sea: A Cold Warrior’s Log. Austin, TX: Lioncrest, 2022.
  18. Emerson, Steven. Secret Warriors: Inside the Covert Military Operations of the Reagan Era. New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1988.
  19. Farrell, John Aloysius. Tip O’Neill and the Democratic Century. Boston: Little, Brown, 2001.
  20. Fisk, Robert. Pity the Nation: The Abduction of Lebanon. New York: Atheneum, 1990.
  21. Foyle, Douglas C. Counting the Public In: Presidents, Public Opinion, and Foreign Policy. New York: Columbia University Press, 1999.
  22. Frank, Benis M. U.S. Marines in Lebanon, 1982–1984. Washington, DC: History and Museums Division, Headquarters, U.S. Marine Corps, U.S. Government Printing Office, 1987.
  23. Friedman, Thomas L. From Beirut to Jerusalem. New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 1989.
  24. Gabriel, Richard A. Military Incompetence: Why the American Military Doesn’t Win. New York: Hill & Wang, 1985.
  25. Gans, John. White House Warriors: How the National Security Council Transformed the American War of War. New York: Liveright, 2019.
  26. Geraghty, Timothy J. Peacekeepers at War: Beirut 1983—The Marine Commander Tells His Story. Washington, DC: Potomac Books, 2009.
  27. Gilmour, David. Lebanon: The Fractured Country. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1983.
  28. Goldman, Peter, and Tony Fuller. The Quest for the Presidency. New York: Bantam Books, 1985.
  29. Hallenbeck, Ralph A. Military Force as an Instrument of U.S. Foreign Policy: Intervention in Lebanon, August 1982–February 1984. New York: Praeger, 1991.
  30. Hammel, Eric. The Root: The Marines in Beirut, August 1982–February 1984. St. Paul, MN: Zenith Press, 1999.
  31. Haney, Eric L. Inside Delta Force: The Story of America’s Elite Counterterrorist Unit. New York: Delacorte Press, 2002.
  32. Herspring, Dale R. The Pentagon and the Presidency: Civil-Military Relations from FDR to George W. Bush. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2005.
  33. Hertsgaard, Mark. On Bended Knee: The Press and the Reagan Presidency. New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 1988.
  34. Hinckley, Ronald H. People, Polls, and Policymakers: American Public Opinion and National Security. New York: Lexington Books, 1992.
  35. Jaber, Hala. Hezbollah: Born with a Vengeance. New York: Columbia University Press, 1997.
  36. Jackowski, Mary Ellen, and Peggy A. Stelpflug, eds., Voices from Beirut: The Peacekeepers Speak. Albany, NY: Fuller’s, 2013.
  37. Kalb, Marvin, and Deborah Kalb. Haunting Legacy: Vietnam and the American Presidency from Ford to Obama. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press, 2011.
  38. Keefer, Edward C. Secretaries of Defense Historical Series, vol. X, Caspar Weinberger and the U.S. Military Buildup, 1981-1985. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2023.
  39. Korbani, Agnes G. U.S Intervention in Lebanon, 1958 and 1982: Presidential Decisionmaking. New York: Praeger, 1991.
  40. Leden, Michael A. Grave New World. New York: Oxford University Press, 1985.
  41. Lehman, John F., Jr. Command of the Seas. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1988.
  42. Levitt, Matthew. Hezbollah: The Global Footprint of Lebanon’s Party of God. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press, 2013.
  43. Martin, David C., and John Walcott. Best Laid Plans: The Inside Story of America’s War Against Terrorism. New York: Harper & Row, 1988.
  44. Matthews, John Benson. “United States Peacekeeping in Lebanon, 1982-1984: Why It Failed.” PhD diss., Washington State University, 1994.
  45. McDermott, Anthony, and Kjell Skjelsbaek, eds. The Multinational Force in Beirut, 1982–1984. Miami: Florida International University Press, 1991.
  46. McFarlane, Robert C., with Zofia Smardz. Special Trust. New York: Cadell & Davies, 1994.
  47. Meese, Edwin. With Reagan: The Inside Story. Washington, DC: Regnery Gateway, 1992.
  48. Mitchell, Neil James. Democracy’s Blameless Leaders: From Dresden to Abu Ghraib, How Leaders Evade Accountability for Abuse, Atrocity, and Killing. New York: New York University Press, 2012.
  49. Morley, Morris H., ed. Crisis and Confrontation: Ronald Reagan’s Foreign Policy. Totowa, NJ: Rowman & Littlefield, 1988.
  50. Morris, Edmund. Dutch: A Memoir of Ronald Reagan. New York: Random House, 1999.
  51. North, Oliver L., with William Novak. Under Fire: An American Story. New York: HarperCollins, 1991.
  52. Norton, Augustus. Hezbollah: A Short History. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2007.
  53. O’Hern, Steven. Iran’s Revolutionary Guard: The Threat That Grows While American Sleeps. Washington, DC: Potomac Books, 2012.
  54. Persico, Joseph E. Casey: From the OSS to the CIA. New York: Viking, 1990.
  55. Petit, Michael. Peacekeepers at War: A Marine’s Account of the Beirut Catastrophe. Boston: Faber & Faber, 1986.
  56. Pfaltzgraff, Robert L., Jr., and Jacquelyn K. Davis, eds. National Security Decisions: The Participants Speak. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books, 1990.
  57. Pintak, Larry. Beirut Outtakes: A TV Correspondent’s Portrait of America’s Encounter with Terror. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books, 1988.
  58. Powell, Colin L., with Joseph E. Persico. My American Journey. New York: Ballantine Books, 1995.
  59. Prados, John. Keepers of the Keys: A History of the National Security Council from Truman to Bush. New York: William Morrow, 1991.
  60. Rabinovich, Itamar. The War for Lebanon, 1970–1985. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1985.
  61. Reagan, Nancy, with William Novak. My Turn: The Memoirs of Nancy Reagan. New York: Random House, 1989.
  62. Reagan, Ronald. An American Life. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1990.
  63. Reagan, Ronald. The Reagan Diaries. Edited by Douglas Brinkley. New York: HarperCollins, 2007.
  64. Reeves, Richard. Ronald Reagan: The Triumph of Imagination. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2005.
  65. Schiff, Ze’ev, and Ehud Ya’ari. Israel’s Lebanon War. Edited and trans. by Ina Friedman. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1984.
  66. Shultz, George. Turmoil and Triumph: My Years as Secretary of State. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1993.
  67. Simonsen, Robert A., ed. Marines Dodging Death: Sixty-Two Accounts of Close Calls in World War II, Korea, Vietnam, Lebanon, Iraq and Afghanistan. Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2009.
  68. Sloyan, Patrick J. When Reagan Sent in the Marines: The Invasion of Lebanon. New York: Thomas Dunne Books, 2019.
  69. Smith, Hedrick. The Power Game: How Washington Works. New York: Random House, 1988.
  70. Speakes, Larry, with Robert Pack. Speaking Out: The Reagan Presidency from Inside the White House. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1988.
  71. Stahl, Lesley. Reporting Live. New York: Touchstone Books, 1999.
  72. Strober, Deborah Hart, and Gerald S. Strober. The Reagan Presidency: An Oral History of the Era. Washington, DC: Brassey’s, 2003.
  73. Sullivan, Joseph G., ed. Embassies Under Siege: Personal Accounts by Diplomats on the Front Line. Washington, DC: Brassey’s, 1995.
  74. Teicher, Howard, and Gayle Radley Teicher. Twin Pillars to Desert Storm: America’s Flawed Vision in the Middle East from Nixon to Bush. New York: William Morrow, 1993.
  75. Timberg, Robert. The Nightingale’s Song. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1995.
  76. Weinberger, Caspar W. Fighting for Peace: Seven Critical Years in the Pentagon. New York: Warner Books, 1990.
  77. Weinberger, Caspar, with Gretchen Roberts. In the Arena: A Memoir of the 20th Century. Washington, DC: Regnery, 2001.
  78. Wills, David C. The First War on Terrorism: Counter-Terrorism Policy During the Reagan Administration. New York: Rowman & Littlefield, 2003.
  79. Wilson, George C. Supercarrier: An Inside Account of Life Aboard the World’s Most Powerful Ship, the USS John F. Kenney. New York: Macmillan, 1986.
  80. Wright, Robin. Sacred Rage: The Wrath of Militant Islam. New York: Touchstone Books, 1986.