1 Introduction to Computers and C++ Programming

1. 1.1 Computer Systems 2

   1. Hardware 2

   2. Software 7

   3. High-Level Languages 8

   4. Compilers 9

   5. History Note 12

2. 1.2 Programming and Problem-Solving 12

   1. Algorithms 12

   2. Program Design 15

   3. Object-Oriented Programming 16

   4. The Software Life Cycle 17

3. 1.3 Introduction to C++ 18

   1. Origins of the C++ Language 18

   2. A Sample C++ Program 19

   3. Pitfall: Using the Wrong Slash in \n 23

   4. Programming Tip: Input and Output Syntax 23

   5. Layout of a Simple C++ Program 24

   6. Pitfall: Putting a Space Before the include File Name 26

   7. Compiling and Running a C++ Program 26

   8. Pitfall: Compiling a C++11 Program 27

   9. Programming Tip: Getting Your Program to Run 27

4. 1.4 Testing and Debugging 29

   1. Kinds of Program Errors 30

   2. Pitfall: Assuming Your Program Is Correct 31

1. Chapter Summary 32

2. Answers to Self-Test Exercises 33

3. Practice Programs 35

4. Programming Projects 36

The whole of the development and operation of analysis are now capable of being executed by machinery. . . . As soon as an Analytical Engine exists, it will necessarily guide the future course of science.

CHARLES BABBAGE (1792–1871)

Introduction

In this chapter we describe the basic components of a computer, as well as the basic technique for designing and writing a program. We then show you a sample C++ program and describe how it works.