Programming Projects

Programming Projects require more problem-solving than Practice Programs and can usually be solved many different ways. Visit www.myprogramminglab.com to complete many of these Programming Projects online and get instant feedback.

  1. Write a grading program for a class with the following grading policies:

    1. There are two quizzes, each graded on the basis of 10 points.

    2. There is one midterm exam and one final exam, each graded on the basis of 100 points.

    3. The final exam counts for 50 percent of the grade, the midterm counts for 25 percent, and the two quizzes together count for a total of 25 percent. (Do not forget to normalize the quiz scores. They should be converted to a percent before they are averaged in.)

    Any grade of 90 or more is an A, any grade of 80 or more (but less than 90) is a B, any grade of 70 or more (but less than 80) is a C, any grade of 60 or more (but less than 70) is a D, and any grade below 60 is an F.

    The program will read in the student’s scores and output the student’s record, which consists of two quiz and two exam scores as well as the student’s average numeric score for the entire course and the final letter grade. Define and use a structure for the student record. If this is a class assignment, ask your instructor if input/output should be done with the keyboard and screen or if it should be done with files. If it is to be done with files, ask your instructor for instructions on file names.

  2. Redo Programming Project 1 (or do it for the first time), but this time make the student record type a class type rather than a structure type. The student record class should have member variables for all the input data described in Programing Project 1 and a member variable for the student’s weighted average numeric score for the entire course as well as a member variable for the student’s final letter grade. Make all member variables private. Include member functions for each of the following: member functions to set each of the member variables to values given as an argument(s) to the function, member functions to retrieve the data from each of the member variables, a void function that calculates the student’s weighted average numeric score for the entire course and sets the corresponding member variable, and a void function that calculates the student’s final letter grade and sets the corresponding member variable.

  3. Define a class called Month that is an abstract data type for a month. Your class will have one member variable of type int to represent a month (1 for January, 2 for February, and so forth). Include all the following member functions: a constructor to set the month using the first three letters in the name of the month as three arguments, a constructor to set the month using an integer as an argument (1 for January, 2 for February, and so forth), a default constructor, an input function that reads the month as an integer, an input function that reads the month as the first three letters in the name of the month, an output function that outputs the month as an integer, an output function that outputs the month as the first three letters in the name of the month, and a member function that returns the next month as a value of type Month. The input and output functions will each have one formal parameter for the stream. Embed your class definition in a test program.

  4. Redefine the implementation of the class Month described in Programming Project 3 (or do the definition for the first time, but do the implementation as described here). This time the month is implemented as three member variables of type char that store the first three letters of the name of the month. Embed your definition in a test program.

  5. (In order to do this project you must have first done either Programming Project 3 or Project 4.) Rewrite the program in Display 10.4, but use the class Month that you defined in Project 3 or Project 4 as the type for the member variable to record the month. (You may define the class Month either as described in Project 3 or as described in Project 4.) Redefine the member function output so that it has one formal parameter of type ostream for the output stream. Modify the program so that everything that is output to the screen is also output to a file. This means that all output statements will occur twice: once with the argument cout and once with an output-stream argument. If you are in a class, obtain the file name from your instructor. The input will still come from the keyboard. Only the output will be sent to a file.

  6. My mother always took a little red counter to the grocery store. The counter was used to keep a tally of the amount of money she would have spent so far on that visit to the store, if she bought all the items in her basket. There was a four-digit display, increment buttons for each digit, and a reset button. There was an overflow indicator that came up red if more money was entered than the $99.99 it would register. (This was a long time ago.)

    Write and implement the member functions of a class Counter that simulates and slightly generalizes the behavior of this grocery store counter. The constructor should create a Counter object that can count up to the constructor’s argument. That is, Counter(9999) should provide a counter that can count up to 9999. A newly constructed counter displays a reading of 0. The member function void reset(); sets the counter’s number to 0. The member functions void incr1(); increments the units digit by 1, void incr10(); increments the tens digit by 1, and void incr100(); and void incr1000( ); increment the next two digits, respectively. Accounting for any carry when you increment should require no further action than adding an appropriate number to the private data member. A member function bool overflow(); detects overflow. (Overflow is the result of incrementing the counter’s private data member beyond the maximum entered at counter construction.)

    Use this class to provide a simulation of my mother’s little red clicker. Even though the display is an integer, in the simulation, the rightmost (lower-order) two digits are always thought of as cents and tens of cents, the next digit is dollars, and the fourth digit is tens of dollars.

    Provide keys for cents, dimes, dollars, and tens of dollars. Unfortunately, no choice of keys seems particularly mnemonic. One choice is to use the keys asdfo: a for cents, followed by a digit 1 to 9; s for dimes, followed by digits 1 to 9; d for dollars, followed by a digit 1 to 9; and f for tens of dollars, again followed by a digit 1 to 9. Each entry (one of asdf followed by 1 to 9) is followed by pressing the Return key. Any overflow is reported after each operation. Overflow can be requested by pressing the o key.

  7. Write a rational number class. This problem will be revisited in Chapter 11, where operator overloading will make the problem much easier. For now we will use member functions add, sub, mul, div, and less that each carry out the operations +, -, *, /, and <. For example, a + b will be written a.add(b), and a < b will be written a.less(b).

    Define a class for rational numbers. A rational number is a “ratio-nal” number, composed of two integers with division indicated. The division is not carried out, it is only indicated, as in 1/2, 2/3, 15/32, 65/4, 16/5. You should represent rational numbers by two int values, numerator and denominator.

    A principle of abstract data type construction is that constructors must be present to create objects with any legal values. You should provide constructors to make objects out of pairs of int values; this is a constructor with two int parameters. Since every int is also a rational number, as in 2/1 or 17/1, you should provide a constructor with a single int parameter.

    Provide member functions input and output that take an istream and ostream argument, respectively, and fetch or write rational numbers in the form 2/3 or 37/51 to or from the keyboard (and to or from a file).

    Provide member functions add, sub, mul, and div that return a rational value. Provide a function less that returns a bool value. These functions should do the operation suggested by the name. Provide a member function neg that has no parameters and returns the negative of the calling object.

    Provide a main function that thoroughly tests your class implementation. The following formulas will be useful in defining functions.

    a/b + c/d = (a * d + b * c) / (b * d)
a/b − c/d = (a * d − b * c) / (b * d)
(a/b) * (c/d) = (a * c) / (b * d)
(a/b) / (c/d) = (a * d) / (c * b)
−(a/b) = (−a/b)
(a/b) < (c/d) means (a * d) < (c * b)
(a/b) == (c/d) means (a * d) == (c * b)

    Let any sign be carried by the numerator; keep the denominator positive.

  8. Define a class called Odometer that will be used to track fuel and mileage for an automotive vehicle. Include private member variables to track the miles driven and the fuel efficiency of the vehicle in miles per gallon. The class should have a constructor that initializes these values to zero. Include a member function to reset the odometer to zero miles, a member function to set the fuel efficiency, a member function that accepts miles driven for a trip and adds it to the odometer’s total, and a member function that returns the number of gallons of gasoline that the vehicle has consumed since the odometer was last reset.

    Use your class with a test program that creates several trips with different fuel efficiencies.

  9. Redo Programming Project 7 from Chapter 5 (or do it for the first time), but this time use a class to encapsulate the date. Use private member variables to store the day, month, and year along with an appropriate constructor and member functions to get and set the data. Create a public function that returns the day of the week. All helper functions should be declared private. Embed your class definition in a suitable test program.

  10. The U.S. Postal Service printed a bar code on every envelope that represented a five- (or more) digit zip code using a format called POSTNET (this format was deprecated in favor of a new system, OneCode, in 2009). The bar code consists of long and short bars as shown:

    A row of 27 vertical bars of two different lengths.

    For this program, we will represent the bar code as a string of digits. The digit 1 represents a long bar, and the digit 0 represents a short bar. Therefore, the bar code would be represented in our program as

    110100101000101011000010011

    The first and last digits of the bar code are always 1. Removing these leaves 25 digits. If these 25 digits are split into groups of 5 digits each, we have

    10100    10100    01010    11000    01001

    Next, consider each group of 5 digits. There will always be exactly two 1s in each group of digits. Each digit stands for a number. From left to right, the digits encode the values 7, 4, 2, 1, and 0. Multiply the corresponding value with the digit and compute the sum to get the final encoded digit for the zip code. The table below shows the encoding for 10100.

    Zip Code Digit = 7 + 0 + 2 + 0 + 0 = 9

    Repeat this for each group of 5 digits and concatenate to get the complete zip code. There is one special value. If the sum of a group of 5 digits is 11, then this represents the digit 0 (this is necessary because with two digits per group it is not possible to represent zero). The zip code for the sample bar code decodes to 99504. Although the POSTNET scheme may seem unnecessarily complex, its design allows machines to detect if errors have been made in scanning the zip code.

    Write a zip code class that encodes and decodes 5-digit bar codes used by the U.S. Postal Service on envelopes. The class should have two constructors. The first constructor should input the zip code as an integer, and the second constructor should input the zip code as a bar code string consisting of 0s and 1s, as described above. Although you have two ways to input the zip code, internally, the class should store the zip code using only one format (you may choose to store it as a bar code string or as a zip code number). The class should also have at least two public member functions, one to return the zip code as an integer, and the other to return the zip code in bar code format as a string. All helper functions should be declared private. Embed your class definition in a suitable test program. Your program should print an error message if an invalid bar code is passed to the constructor.

  11. Consider a class Movie that contains information about a movie. The class has the following attributes:

    • The movie name

    • The MPAA rating (for example, G, PG, PG-13, R)

    • The number of people that have rated this movie as a 1 (Terrible)

    • The number of people that have rated this movie as a 2 (Bad)

    • The number of people that have rated this movie as a 3 (OK)

    • The number of people that have rated this movie as a 4 (Good)

    • The number of people that have rated this movie as a 5 (Great)

    Implement the class with accessor and mutator functions for the movie name and MPAA rating. Write a function addRating that takes an integer as an input parameter. The function should verify that the parameter is a number between 1 and 5, and if so, increment the number of people rating the movie that match the input parameter. For example, if 3 is the input parameter, then the number of people that rated the movie as a 3 should be incremented by 1. Write another function, getAverage, that returns the average value for all of the movie ratings. Finally, add a constructor that allows the programmer to create the object with a specified name and MPAA rating. The number of people rating the movie should be set to 0 in the constructor.

    Test the class by writing a main function that creates at least two movie objects, adds at least five ratings for each movie, and outputs the movie name, MPAA rating, and average rating for each movie object.