V. Performance and Ground Reference Maneuvers

Task A. Steep Turns
References	FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3; POH/AFM
Objective	To determine that the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with steep turns. Note: See Appendix 7: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations.
Knowledge	The applicant demonstrates understanding of:
PA.V.A.K1	1.Purpose of steep turns.
PA.V.A.K2	2.Aerodynamics associated with steep turns, to include:
PA.V.A.K2a	a.Coordinated and uncoordinated flight
PA.V.A.K2b	b.Overbanking tendencies
PA.V.A.K2c	c.Maneuvering speed, including the impact of weight changes
PA.V.A.K2d	d.Load factor and accelerated stalls
PA.V.A.K2e	e.Rate and radius of turn
Risk Management	The applicant demonstrates the ability to identify, assess and mitigate risks, encompassing:
PA.V.A.R1	1.Failure to divide attention between airplane control and orientation.
PA.V.A.R2	2.Collision hazards, to include aircraft, terrain, obstacles, and wires.
PA.V.A.R3	3.Low altitude maneuvering including stall, spin, or CFIT.
PA.V.A.R4	4.Distractions, loss of situational awareness, and/or improper task management.
PA.V.A.R5	5.Failure to maintain coordinated flight.
Skills	The applicant demonstrates the ability to:
PA.V.A.S1	1.Clear the area.
PA.V.A.S2	2.Establish the manufacturer’s recommended airspeed, or if one is not available, a safe airspeed not to exceed VA.
PA.V.A.S3	3.Roll into a coordinated 360° steep turn with approximately a 45° bank.
PA.V.A.S4	4.Perform the Task in the opposite direction, as specified by evaluator.
PA.V.A.S5	5.Maintain the entry altitude ±100 feet, airspeed ±10 knots, bank ±5°, and roll out on the entry heading ±10°.

Task B. Ground Reference Maneuvers
References	14 CFR part 61; FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3
Objective	To determine that the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with ground reference maneuvering which may include a rectangular course, S-turns, and turns around a point. Note: See Appendix 7: Aircraft, Equipment, and Operational Requirements & Limitations.
Knowledge	The applicant demonstrates understanding of:
PA.V.B.K1	1.Purpose of ground reference maneuvers.
PA.V.B.K2	2.Effects of wind on ground track and relation to a ground reference point.
PA.V.B.K3	3.Effects of bank angle and groundspeed on rate and radius of turn.
PA.V.B.K4	4.Relationship of rectangular course to airport traffic pattern.
Risk Management	The applicant demonstrates the ability to identify, assess and mitigate risks, encompassing:
PA.V.B.R1	1.Failure to divide attention between airplane control and orientation.
PA.V.B.R2	2.Collision hazards, to include aircraft, terrain, obstacles, and wires.
PA.V.B.R3	3.Low altitude maneuvering including stall, spin, or CFIT.
PA.V.B.R4	4.Distractions, loss of situational awareness, and/or improper task management.
PA.V.B.R5	5.Failure to maintain coordinated flight.
Skills	The applicant demonstrates the ability to:
PA.V.B.S1	1.Clear the area.
PA.V.B.S2	2.Select a suitable ground reference area, line, or point as appropriate.
PA.V.B.S3	3.Plan the maneuver: Note: The evaluator must select at least one maneuver for the applicant to demonstrate.
PA.V.B.S3a	a.Rectangular course: enter a left or right pattern, 600 to 1,000 feet above ground level (AGL) at an appropriate distance from the selected reference area, 45° to the downwind leg
PA.V.B.S3b	b.S-turns: enter perpendicular to the selected reference line, 600 to 1,000 feet AGL at an appropriate distance from the selected reference area
PA.V.B.S3c	c.Turns around a point: enter at an appropriate distance from the reference point, 600 to 1,000 feet AGL at an appropriate distance from the selected reference area
PA.V.B.S4	4.Apply adequate wind-drift correction during straight and turning flight to maintain a constant ground track around a rectangular reference area, or to maintain a constant radius turn on each side of a selected reference line or point.
PA.V.B.S5	5.If performing S-Turns, reverse the turn directly over the selected reference line; if performing turns around a point, complete turns in either direction, as specified by the evaluator.
PA.V.B.S6	6.Divide attention between airplane control, traffic avoidance and the ground track while maintaining coordinated flight.
PA.V.B.S7	7.Maintain altitude ±100 feet; maintain airspeed ±10 knots.