VIII. Basic Instrument Maneuvers

Task A. Straight-and-Level Flight
References	FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-15
Objective	To determine that the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with flying during straight-and-level flight solely by reference to instruments.
Knowledge	The applicant demonstrates understanding of:
PA.VIII.A.K1	1.Flight instruments as related to:
PA.VIII.A.K1a	a.Sensitivity, limitations, and potential errors in unusual attitudes
PA.VIII.A.K1b	b.Correlation (pitch instruments/bank instruments)
PA.VIII.A.K1c	c.Function and operation
PA.VIII.A.K1d	d.Proper instrument cross-check techniques
Risk Management	The applicant demonstrates the ability to identify, assess and mitigate risks, encompassing:
PA.VIII.A.R1	1.Instrument flying hazards to include failure to maintain VFR, spatial disorientation, loss of control, fatigue, stress, and emergency off airport landings.
PA.VIII.A.R2	2.Failure to seek assistance or declare an emergency in a deteriorating situation.
PA.VIII.A.R3	3.Collision hazards, to include aircraft, terrain, obstacles, and wires.
PA.VIII.A.R4	4.Distractions, loss of situational awareness, and/or improper task management.
Skills	The applicant demonstrates the ability to:
PA.VIII.A.S1	1.Maintain straight-and-level flight using proper instrument cross-check and interpretation, and coordinated control application.
PA.VIII.A.S2	2.Maintain altitude ±200 feet, heading ±20°, and airspeed ±10 knots.

Task B. Constant Airspeed Climbs
References	FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-15
Objective	To determine that the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with attitude instrument flying during constant airspeed climbs solely by reference to instruments.
Knowledge	The applicant demonstrates understanding of:
PA.VIII.B.K1	1.Flight instruments as related to:
PA.VIII.B.K1a	a.Sensitivity, limitations, and potential errors in unusual attitudes
PA.VIII.B.K1b	b.Correlation (pitch instruments/bank instruments)
PA.VIII.B.K1c	c.Function and operation
PA.VIII.B.K1d	d.Proper instrument cross-check techniques
Risk Management	The applicant demonstrates the ability to identify, assess and mitigate risks, encompassing:
PA.VIII.B.R1	1.Instrument flying hazards to include failure to maintain VFR, spatial disorientation, loss of control, fatigue, stress, and emergency off airport landings.
PA.VIII.B.R2	2.Failure to seek assistance or declare an emergency in a deteriorating situation.
PA.VIII.B.R3	3.Collision hazards, to include aircraft, terrain, obstacles, and wires.
PA.VIII.B.R4	4.Distractions, loss of situational awareness, and/or improper task management.
Skills	The applicant demonstrates the ability to:
PA.VIII.B.S1	1.Transition to the climb pitch attitude and power setting on an assigned heading using proper instrument cross-check and interpretation, and coordinated flight control application.
PA.VIII.B.S2	2.Demonstrate climbs at a constant airspeed to specific altitudes in straight flight and turns.
PA.VIII.B.S3	3.Level off at the assigned altitude and maintain altitude ±200 feet, heading ±20°, and airspeed ±10 knots.

Task C. Constant Airspeed Descents
References	FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-15
Objective	To determine that the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with attitude instrument flying during constant airspeed descents solely by reference to instruments.
Knowledge	The applicant demonstrates understanding of:
PA.VIII.C.K1	1.Flight instruments as related to:
PA.VIII.C.K1a	a.Sensitivity, limitations, and potential errors in unusual attitudes
PA.VIII.C.K1b	b.Correlation (pitch instruments/bank instruments)
PA.VIII.C.K1c	c.Function and operation
PA.VIII.C.K1d	d.Proper instrument cross-check techniques
Risk Management	The applicant demonstrates the ability to identify, assess and mitigate risks, encompassing:
PA.VIII.C.R1	1.Instrument flying hazards to include failure to maintain VFR, spatial disorientation, loss of control, fatigue, stress, and emergency off airport landings.
PA.VIII.C.R2	2.Failure to seek assistance or declare an emergency in a deteriorating situation.
PA.VIII.C.R3	3.Collision hazards, to include aircraft, terrain, obstacles, and wires.
PA.VIII.C.R4	4.Distractions, loss of situational awareness, and/or improper task management.
Skills	The applicant demonstrates the ability to:
PA.VIII.C.S1	1.Transition to the descent pitch attitude and power setting on an assigned heading using proper instrument cross-check and interpretation, and coordinated flight control application.
PA.VIII.C.S2	2.Demonstrate descents at a constant airspeed to specific altitudes in straight flight and turns.
PA.VIII.C.S3	3.Level off at the assigned altitude and maintain altitude ±200 feet, heading ±20°, and airspeed ±10 knots.

Task D. Turns to Headings
References	FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-15
Objective	To determine that the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with attitude instrument flying during turns to headings solely by reference to instruments.
Knowledge	The applicant demonstrates understanding of:
PA.VIII.D.K1	1.Flight instruments as related to:
PA.VIII.D.K1a	a.Sensitivity, limitations, and potential errors in unusual attitudes
PA.VIII.D.K1b	b.Correlation (pitch instruments/bank instruments)
PA.VIII.D.K1c	c.Function and operation
PA.VIII.D.K1d	d.Proper instrument cross-check techniques
Risk Management	The applicant demonstrates the ability to identify, assess and mitigate risks, encompassing:
PA.VIII.D.R1	1.Instrument flying hazards to include failure to maintain VFR, spatial disorientation, loss of control, fatigue, stress, and emergency off airport landings.
PA.VIII.D.R2	2.Failure to seek assistance or declare an emergency in a deteriorating situation.
PA.VIII.D.R3	3.Collision hazards, to include aircraft, terrain, obstacles, and wires.
PA.VIII.D.R4	4.Distractions, loss of situational awareness, and/or improper task management.
Skills	The applicant demonstrates the ability to:
PA.VIII.D.S1	1.Demonstrate turns to headings, maintain altitude ±200 feet, maintain a standard rate turn, roll out on the assigned heading ±10°, and maintain airspeed ±10 knots.

Task E. Recovery from Unusual Flight Attitudes
References	FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-15
Objective	To determine that the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with attitude instrument flying while recovering from unusual attitudes solely by reference to instruments.
Knowledge	The applicant demonstrates understanding of:
PA.VIII.E.K1	1.Flight instruments as related to:
PA.VIII.E.K1a	a.Sensitivity, limitations, and potential errors in unusual attitudes
PA.VIII.E.K1b	b.Correlation (pitch instruments/bank instruments)
PA.VIII.E.K1c	c.Function and operation
PA.VIII.E.K1d	d.Proper instrument cross-check techniques
Risk Management	The applicant demonstrates the ability to identify, assess and mitigate risks, encompassing:
PA.VIII.E.R1	1.Instrument flying hazards to include failure to maintain VFR, spatial disorientation, loss of control, fatigue, stress, and emergency off airport landings.
PA.VIII.E.R2	2.Failure to seek assistance or declare an emergency in a deteriorating situation.
PA.VIII.E.R3	3.Collision hazards, to include aircraft, terrain, obstacles, and wires.
PA.VIII.E.R4	4.Distractions, loss of situational awareness, and/or improper task management.
PA.VIII.E.R5	5.Failure to interpret flight instruments.
PA.VIII.E.R6	6.Failure to unload the wings in recovering from high G situations.
Skills	The applicant demonstrates the ability to:
PA.VIII.E.S1	1.Recognize unusual flight attitudes; perform the correct, coordinated, and smooth flight control application to resolve unusual pitch and bank attitudes while staying within the airplane’s limitations and flight parameters.

Task F. Radio Communications, Navigation Systems/Facilities, and Radar Services
References	FAA-H-8083-2, FAA-H-8083-3, FAA-H-8083-15, FAA-H-8083-25
Objective	To determine that the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with radio communications, navigation systems/facilities, and radar services available for use during flight solely by reference to instruments.
Knowledge	The applicant demonstrates understanding of:
PA.VIII.F.K1	1.Operating communications equipment to include identifying and selecting radio frequencies, requesting and following ATC instructions.
PA.VIII.F.K2	2.Operating navigation equipment to include functions and displays, and following bearings, radials, or courses.
PA.VIII.F.K3	3.Air traffic control facilities and services.
Risk Management	The applicant demonstrates the ability to identify, assess and mitigate risks, encompassing:
PA.VIII.F.R1	1.Failure to seek assistance or declare an emergency in a deteriorating situation.
PA.VIII.F.R2	2.Failure to utilize all available resources (e.g., automation, ATC, and flight deck planning aids).
Skills	The applicant demonstrates the ability to:
PA.VIII.F.S1	1.Maintain airplane control while selecting proper communications frequencies, identifying the appropriate facility, and managing navigation equipment.
PA.VIII.F.S2	2.Comply with ATC instructions.
PA.VIII.F.S3	3.Maintain altitude ±200 feet, heading ±20°, and airspeed ±10 knots.