⁵³Calvin’s service book (1545) included a hymn—an indication that he did not think it a sin to sing hymns. However, as a “quality control,” he limited worship music to the singing of metrical psalms. He also avoided organs, most instruments, and even elaborate polyphony. As we saw above, these restrictions were not grounded in the same disdain of artistic excellence that led the Anabaptists to unaccompanied song. It was due to his concern for simplicity and intelligibility. (As we have seen, musical quality is important for transcendence.) Therefore, while Anabaptist theology of art would preclude accompaniment and choirs per se from worship, Calvin’s theology does not. His “middle way” between the Anabaptists and the Lutherans points the way for Reformed worship today to include the judicious use of accompaniment, ensembles, and solos—provided Calvin’s over-arching purposes of simplicity, transcendence, and edification are honored. The music must not turn the church into an audience enjoying the music but into a congregation singing the Lord’s praises in his presence.