Select Bibliography

ARCHIVES

ACS	Archivio Centrale dello Stato, Rome
ANR	Arhivele Naţionale ale României, Bucharest
BArch	Bundesarchiv, Berlin
GDPA	Guangdong sheng Dang’anguan, Guangzhou
GSPA	Gansu sheng Dang’anguan, Lanzhou
HBPA	Hebei sheng Dang’anguan, Shijiazhuang
Hoover	Hoover Institution Library and Archives, Palo Alto
MfAA	Politisches Archiv des Auswärtigen Amts, Berlin
MAE	Ministère des Affaires Etrangères, Paris
NARA	National Archives at College Park, Washington
NMA	Nanjing shi Dang’anguan, Nanjing
OSA	Open Society Archives, Central European University, Budapest
PRO	The National Archives, London
RGANI	Rossiiskii Gosudarstvennyi Arkhiv Novei’shei Istorii, Moscow
RGASPI	Rossiiskii Gosudarstvennyi Arkhiv Sotsial’no-Politicheskoi Istorii, Moscow
SMA	Shanghai shi Dang’anguan, Shanghai

SECONDARY SOURCES

Abbott, Elizabeth, Haiti: The Duvaliers and Their Legacy, New York: McGraw-Hill, 1988.

Altman, Linda Jacobs, Shattered Youth in Nazi Germany: Primary Sources from the Holocaust, Berkeley Heights, NJ: Enslow Publishers, 2010.

Andrieu, Jacques, ‘Mais que se sont donc dit Mao et Malraux? Aux sources du maoïsme occidental’, Perspectives chinoises, no. 37 (Sept. 1996), pp. 50–63.

Applebaum, Anne, Iron Curtain: The Crushing of Eastern Europe, 1944–1956, New York: Doubleday, 2012.

Arendt, Hannah, The Origins of Totalitarianism, New York: Harvest Book, 1973.

Armstrong, Charles, The North Korean Revolution: 1945–50, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2002.

Baberowski, Jörg, Scorched Earth: Stalin’s Reign of Terror, New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2016.

Baczko, Bronisław, ‘La fabrication d’un charisme’, Revue européenne des sciences sociales, 19, no. 57 (1981), pp. 29–44.

Balázs, Apor, Jan C. Behrends, Polly Jones and E. A. Rees (eds), The Leader Cult in Communist Dictatorships: Stalin and the Eastern Bloc, Houndmills, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004.

Barber, John, ‘The Image of Stalin in Soviet Propaganda and Public Opinion during World War 2’ in John Garrard and Carol Garrard (eds), World War 2 and the Soviet People, New York: St Martin’s Press, 1990, pp. 38–49.

Baxa, Paul, ‘“Il nostro Duce”: Mussolini’s Visit to Trieste in 1938 and the Workings of the Cult of the Duce’, Modern Italy, 18, no. 2 (May 2013), pp. 117–28.

Behrends, Jan C., ‘Exporting the Leader: The Stalin Cult in Poland and East Germany (1944/45–1956)’ in Apor Balázs, Jan C. Behrends, Polly Jones and E. A. Rees (eds), The Leader Cult in Communist Dictatorships: Stalin and the Eastern Bloc, Houndmills, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004, pp. 161–78.

Beevor, Antony, The Fall of Berlin 1945, London: Penguin Books, 2002.

Berman, Stephen Jay, ‘Duvalier and the Press’, MA in Journalism dissertation, University of Southern California, 1974.

Ben-Ghiat, Ruth, Fascist Modernities: Italy, 1922–1945, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2001.

Berneri, Camillo, Mussolini grande attore, Pistoia: Edizioni dell’Archivio Famiglia Berneri, 1st edn 1934, 2nd edn 1983.

Bessel, Richard, ‘The Rise of the NSDAP and the Myth of Nazi Propaganda’, Wiener Library Bulletin, 33, 1980, pp. 20–29.

Bessel, Richard, ‘Charismatisches Führertum? Hitler’s Image in der deutschen Bevölkerung’ in Martin Loiperdinger, Rudolf Herz and Ulrich Pohlmann (eds), Führerbilder: Hitler, Mussolini, Roosevelt, Stalin in Fotografie und Film, Munich: Piper, 1995, pp. 14–26.

Bevan, Robert, The Destruction of Memory: Architecture at War, London: Reaktion Books, 2006.

Binet, Laurence (ed.), Famine et transferts forcés de populations en Ethiopie 1984–1986, Paris: Médecins Sans Frontières, 2013.

Biondi, Dino, La fabbrica del Duce, Florence: Vallecchi, 1967.

Blake, Robert and Wm Roger Louis (eds), Churchill, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2002.

Bonnell, Victoria E., Iconography of Power: Soviet Political Posters Under Lenin and Stalin, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1998.

Bonsaver, Guido, Censorship and Literature in Fascist Italy, Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2007.

Boterbloem, Kees, Life and Times of Andrei Zhdanov, 1896–1948, Montreal: McGill-Queen’s Press, 2004.

Bramsted, Ernest K., Goebbels and National Socialist Propaganda 1925–1945, East Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 1965.

Brandenberger, David, ‘Stalin as Symbol: A Case Study of the Personality Cult and its Construction’ in Sarah Davies and James Harris (eds), Stalin: A New History, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005, pp. 249−70.

Brooks, Jeffrey, Thank You, Comrade Stalin!: Soviet Public Culture from Revolution to Cold War, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2000.

Bühmann, Henning, ‘Der Hitlerkult. Ein Forschungsbericht’ in Klaus Heller and Jan Plamper (eds), Personenkulte im Stalinismus: Personality Cults in Stalinism, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck and Ruprecht, 2004, pp. 109–57.

Burke, Peter, The Fabrication of Louis XIV, New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1992.

Calvino, Italo, ‘Il Duce’s Portraits’, New Yorker, 6 Jan. 2003, p. 34.

Campbell, Ian, The Addis Ababa Massacre: Italy’s National Shame, London: Hurst, 2017.

Cannistraro, Philip, La fabbrica del consenso: Fascismo e mass media, Bari: Laterza, 1975.

Chang, Jung and Jon Halliday, Mao: The Unknown Story, London: Jonathan Cape, 2005.

Chaussy, Ulrich and Christoph Püschner, Nachbar Hitler: Führerkult und Heimatzerstörung am Obersalzberg, Berlin: Christoph Links Verlag, 2007.

Chinese Propaganda Posters: From the Collection of Michael Wolf, Cologne: Taschen, 2003.

Chen Jian, China’s Road to the Korean War, New York: Columbia University Press, 1996.

Chirot, Daniel, Modern Tyrants: The Power and Prevalence of Evil in Our Age, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1996.

Clapham, Christopher, Transformation and Continuity in Revolutionary Ethiopia, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988.

Cohen, Arthur A., The Communism of Mao Tse-tung, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1964.

Cohen, Yves, ‘The Cult of Number One in an Age of Leaders’, Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History, vol. 8, no. 3 (Summer 2007), pp. 597–634.

Coox, Alvin D., Nomonhan: Japan Against Russia 1939, Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press, 1988.

Corner, Paul, The Fascist Party and Popular Opinion in Mussolini’s Italy, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012.

Corvaja, Santi, Hitler and Mussolini: The Secret Meetings, New York: Enigma Books, 2008.

Courtois, Stéphane et al. (eds), The Black Book of Communism: Crimes, Terror, Repression, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1999.

Cushway, Eric H., ‘The Ideology of François Duvalier’, MA dissertation, University of Alberta, 1976.

David-Fox, Michael, Showcasing the Great Experiment: Cultural Diplomacy and Western Visitors to the Soviet Union, 1921–1941, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011.

Davies, Sarah, Popular Opinion in Stalin’s Russia: Terror, Propaganda and Dissent, 1934–1941, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.

de Waal, Alex, Evil Days: Thirty Years of War and Famine in Ethiopia, New York: Human Rights Watch, 1991.

de Felice, Renzo, Mussolini il Fascista, vol. 1, La conquista del potere, 1921–1925, Turin: Giulio Einaudi, 1966.

Dee, Bleecker, ‘Duvalier’s Haiti: A Case Study of National Disintegration’, doctoral dissertation, University of Florida, 1967.

Deletant, Dennis, Ceauşescu and the Securitate, London: Hurst, 1995.

Deletant, Dennis, Communist Terror in Romania: Gheorghiu-Dej and the Police State, 1948–1965, New York: St Martin’s Press, 1999.

Demick, Barbara, Nothing to Envy: Ordinary Lives in North Korea, New York: Spiegel and Grau, 2009.

Diederich, Bernard and Al Burt, Papa Doc: Haiti and its Dictator, London: Bodley Head, 1969.

Diederich, Bernard, The Price of Blood: History of Repression and Rebellion in Haiti Under Dr. François Duvalier, 1957–1961, Princeton, NJ: Markus Wiener, 2011.

Diggins, John Patrick, Mussolini and Fascism: The View from America, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1972.

Dikötter, Frank, Mao’s Great Famine: The History of China’s Most Devastating Catastrophe, 1958–1962, London: Bloomsbury, 2010.

Dikötter, Frank, The Tragedy of Liberation: A History of the Chinese Revolution, 1945–1957, London: Bloomsbury, 2013.

Dikötter, Frank, The Cultural Revolution: A People’s History, 1962–1976, London: Bloomsbury, 2016.

Diller, Ansgar, Rundfunkpolitik im Dritten Reich, Munich: Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag, 1980.

Donham, Donald L., ‘Revolution and Modernity in Maale: Ethiopia, 1974 to 1987’, Comparative Studies in Society and History, 34, no. 1 (Jan. 1992), pp. 28–57.

Duggan, Christopher, Fascist Voices: An Intimate History of Mussolini’s Italy, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013.

Durandin, Catherine, Ceauşescu, vérités et mensonges d’un roi communiste, Paris: Albin Michel, 1990.

Ennker, Benno, ‘The Origins and Intentions of the Lenin Cult’ in Ian D. Thatcher (ed.), Regime and Society in Twentieth-Century Russia, Houndmills, Basingstoke: Macmillan Press, 1999, pp. 118–28.

Evans, Richard J., ‘Coercion and Consent in Nazi Germany’, Proceedings of the British Academy, 151, 2006, pp. 53–81.

Evans, Richard J., The Third Reich in Power, London: Penguin Books, 2006.

Evans, Richard J., The Third Reich at War, London: Penguin, 2009.

Eyal, Jonathan, ‘Why Romania Could Not Avoid Bloodshed’ in Gwyn Prins (ed.), Spring in Winter: The 1989 Revolutions, Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1990, pp. 139–62.

Falasca-Zamponi, Simonetta, Fascist Spectacle: The Aesthetics of Power in Mussolini’s Italy, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2000.

Farnsworth, Robert M., From Vagabond to Journalist: Edgar Snow in Asia, 1928–1941, Columbia, MO: University of Missouri Press, 1996.

Feigon, Lee, Mao: A Reinterpretation, Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, 2002.

Fest, Joachim C., Hitler, Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2002.

Festorazzi, Roberto, Starace. Il mastino della rivoluzione fascista, Milan: Ugo Mursia, 2002.

Figes, Orlando, The Whisperers: Private Life in Stalin’s Russia, New York: Picador, 2007.

Fisher, Mary Ellen, Nicolae Ceauşescu: A Study in Political Leadership, Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1989.

Fitzpatrick, Sheila, Everyday Stalinism. Ordinary Life in Extraordinary Times: Soviet Russia in the 1930s, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999.

Foot, John, Italy’s Divided Memory, Houndmills, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009.

Franz-Willing, Georg, Die Hitlerbewegung. Der Ursprung, 1919–1922, Hamburg: R.v. Decker’s Verlag G. Schenck, 1962, 2nd edn 1972.

Fritz, Stephen G., Ostkrieg: Hitler’s War of Extermination in the East, Lexington, KT: University Press of Kentucky, 2011.

Gabanyi, Anneli Ute, The Ceauşescu Cult: Propaganda and Power Policy in Communist Romania, Bucharest: The Romanian Cultural Foundation Publishing House, 2000.

Gao Hua, Hong taiyang shi zenyang shengqi de. Yan’an zhengfeng yundong de lailong qumai (How did the red sun rise over Yan’an? A history of the Rectification Movement), Hong Kong: Chinese University Press, 2000.

GaoWenqian, Zhou Enlai: The Last Perfect Revolutionary, New York: PublicAffairs, 2007.

Gentile, Emilio, The Sacralisation of Politics in Fascist Italy, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1996.

Giorgis, Dawit Wolde, Red Tears: War, Famine and Revolution in Ethiopia, Trenton, NJ: Red Sea Press, 1989.

Girard, Philippe, Haiti: The Tumultuous History – From Pearl of the Caribbean to Broken Nation, New York: St Martin’s Press, 2010.

Glantz, David, Stumbling Colossus: The Red Army on the Eve of World War, Lawrence, KA: University Press of Kansas, 1998.

Goncharov, Sergei N., John W. Lewis and Xue Litai, Uncertain Partners: Stalin, Mao, and the Korean War, Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1993.

Grangereau, Philippe, Au pays du grand mensonge. Voyage en Corée, Paris: Payot, 2003.

Gundle, Stephen, Christopher Duggan and Giuliana Pieri (eds), The Cult of the Duce: Mussolini and the Italians, Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2013.

Haffner, Sebastian, The Meaning of Hitler, London: Phoenix Press, 1979.

Han, Hongkoo, ‘Wounded Nationalism: The Minsaengdan Incident and Kim Il-sung in Eastern Manchuria’, University of Washington, doctoral disertation, 1999.

Harden, Blaine, The Great Leader and the Fighter Pilot: A True Story About the Birth of Tyranny in North Korea, New York: Penguin Books, 2016.

Hasler, August Bernhard, ‘Das Duce-Bild in der faschistischen Literatur’, Quellen und Forschungen aus italienischen Archiven und Bibliotheken, vol. 60, 1980, pp. 421–506.

Hastings, Max, The Korean War, New York: Simon & Schuster, 1987.

Hatch, David Allen, ‘The Cult of Personality of Kim Il-Song: Functional Analysis of a State Myth’, doctoral dissertation, Washington, DC: The American University, 1986.

Hayes, Romain, Subhas Chandra Bose in Nazi Germany: Politics, Intelligence, and Propaganda, 1941–1943, London, Hurst, 2011.

Heinl, Robert D. and Nancy Gordon Heinl, Written in Blood: The Story of the Haitian People, 1492–1995, Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 1998.

Held, Joseph (ed.), The Cult of Power: Dictators in the Twentieth Century, Boulder, CO: East European Quarterly Press, 1983.

Heller, Klaus and Jan Plamper (eds), Personenkulte im Stalinismus: Personality Cults in Stalinism, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck and Ruprecht, 2004.

Henze, Paul B., Layers of Time: A History of Ethiopia, London: Hurst, 2000.

Herbst, Ludolf, Hitler’s Charisma. Die Erfindung eines deutschen Messias, Frankfurt am Main: S. Fischer Verlag, 2010.

Herz, Rudolf, Hoffmann & Hitler: Fotografie als Medium des Führer Mythos, Munich: Klinkhardt and Biermann, 1994.

Hollander, Paul, Political Pilgrims: Western Intellectuals in Search of the Good Society, London: Routledge, 2017.

Hollander, Paul, From Benito Mussolini to Hugo Chavez: Intellectuals and a Century of Political Hero Worship, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2017.

Hoyt, Edwin P., Mussolini’s Empire: The Rise and Fall of the Fascist Vision, New York: Wiley, 1994.

Hughes-Hallett, Lucy, Gabriele d’Annunzio: Poet, Seducer, and Preacher of War, London: 4th Estate, 2013.

Hung Chang-tai, ‘Mao’s Parades: State Spectacles in China in the 1950s’, China Quarterly, no. 190 (June 2007), pp. 411–31.

Hunter, Helen-Louise, Kim Il-song’s North Korea, Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers, 1999.

Hupp, Kimberly, ‘“Uncle Joe”: What Americans thought of Joseph Stalin before and after World War II’, doctoral dissertation, University of Toledo, 2009.

Iezzi, Frank, ‘Benito Mussolini, Crowd Psychologist’, Quarterly Journal of Speech, 45, no. 2 (April 1959), pp. 167–9.

Imbriani, Angelo M., Gli italiani e il Duce: Il mito e l’immagine di Mussolini negli ultimi anni del fascismo (1938–1943), Naples: Liguori, 1992.

Jin Dalu, Feichang yu zhengchang: Shanghai ‘wenge’ shiqi de shehui bianqian (The extraordinary and the ordinary: Social change in Shanghai during the Cultural Revolution), Shanghai: Shanghai cishu chubanshe, 2011.

Johnson, Paul Christopher, ‘Secretism and the Apotheosis of Duvalier’, Journal of the American Academy of Religion, 74, no. 2 (June 2006), pp. 420–45.

Kallis, Aristotle, The Third Rome, 1922–43: The Making of the Fascist Capital, Houndmills, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2014.

Kebede, Messay, Ideology and Elite Conflicts: Autopsy of the Ethiopian Revolution, Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2011.

Keil, Thomas J., Romania’s Tortured Road toward Modernity, New York: Columbia University Press, 2006.

Keller, Edmund J., Revolutionary Ethiopia, Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 1988.

Kershaw, Ian, Hitler, 1889–1936: Hubris, London: Allen Lane, 1998.

Kershaw, Ian, The ‘Hitler Myth’: Image and Reality in the Third Reich, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001.

King, David, The Commissar Vanishes: The Falsification of Photographs and Art in Stalin’s Russia, New York: Metropolitan Books, 1997.

Kirkpatrick, Ivone, Mussolini: Study of a Demagogue, New York: Hawthorn Books, 1964.

Klibansky, Raymond (ed.), Benito Mussolini’s Memoirs 1942–1943, New York: Howard Fertig, 1975.

König, Wolfgang, ‘Der Volksempfänger und die Radioindustrie. Ein Beitrag zum Verhältnis von Wirtschaft und Politik im Nationalsozialismus’ in Vierteljahrschrift für Sozial- und Wirtschaftsgeschichte, 90, no. 3 (2003), pp. 269–89.

Koon, Tracy H., Believe, Obey, Fight: Political Socialization of Youth in Fascist Italy, 1922–1943, Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1985.

Kopperschmidt, Josef (ed.), Hitler der Redner, Munich: Wilhelm Fink Verlag, 2003.

Korn, David A., Ethiopia, the United States and the Soviet Union, Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press, 1986.

Kotkin, Stephen, Stalin: Paradoxes of Power, 1878–1928, New York: Penguin Press, 2014.

Kotkin, Stephen, Stalin: Waiting for Hitler, 1929–1941, New York: Penguin Press, 2017.

Kraus, Richard Curt, Brushes with Power: Modern Politics and the Chinese Art of Calligraphy, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1991.

Ladany, Laszlo, The Communist Party of China and Marxism, 1921–1985: A Self-Portrait, London: Hurst, 1988.

Lankov, Andrei, Crisis in North Korea: The Failure of De-Stalinization, 1956, Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press, 2005.

Lankov, Andrei, From Stalin to Kim Il Sung: The Formation of North Korea, 1945–1960, New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2002.

Lankov, Andrei, North of the DMZ: Essays on Daily Life in North Korea, Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2007.

Lankov, Andrei, The Real North Korea: Life and Politics in the Failed Stalinist Utopia, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013.

Leese, Daniel, Mao Cult: Rhetoric and Ritual in China’s Cultural Revolution, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011.

Li Rui, Dayuejin qin liji (A witness account of the Great Leap Forward), Haikou: Nanfang chubanshe, 1999.

Li Rui, Lushan huiyi shilu (A true record of the Lushan plenum), Hong Kong: Tiandi tushu youxian gongsi, 2nd edn, 2009.

Li Zhisui, The Private Life of Chairman Mao: The Memoirs of Mao’s Personal Physician, New York: Random House, 1994.

Lim Un, The Founding of a Dynasty in North Korea: An Authentic Biography of Kim Il-song, Tokyo: Jiyu-sha, 1982.

Locard, Henri, Pol Pot’s Little Red Book: The Sayings of Angkar, Bangkok: Silkworm Books, 2004.

Lundahl, Mats, ‘Papa Doc: Innovator in the Predatory State’, Scandia, 50, no. 1 (1984), pp. 39–78.

MacFarquhar, Roderick and Michael Schoenhals, Mao’s Last Revolution, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2006.

Machiavelli, Niccolo, The Prince, translated by Tim Parks, London: Penguin Books, 2009.

Mack Smith, Denis, Mussolini, London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1981.

Mack Smith, Denis, ‘Mussolini: Reservations about Renzo De Felice’s Biography’, Modern Italy, 5, no. 2 (2000), pp. 193–210.

Marcus, Harold G., A History of Ethiopia, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1994.

Marquis, John, Papa Doc: Portrait of a Haitian Tyrant 1907–1971, Kingston: LMH Publishing Limited, 2007.

Martin, Bradley K., Under the Loving Care of the Fatherly Leader: North Korea and the Kim Dynasty, New York: Thomas Dunne Books, 2004.

McNeal, Robert H., Stalin: Man and Rule, New York: New York University Press, 1988.

Medvedev, Roy, Let History Judge: The Origins and Consequences of Stalinism, New York: Knopf, 1972.

Melograni, Piero, ‘The Cult of the Duce in Mussolini’s Italy’, Journal of Contemporary History, 11, no. 4 (Oct. 1976), pp. 221–37.

Merridale, Catherine, Ivan’s War: The Red Army 1939–45, London: Faber and Faber, 2005.

Mocanescu, Alice, ‘Surviving 1956: Gheorge Gheorghiu-Dej and the “Cult of Personality” in Romania’ in Apor Balázs, Jan C. Behrends, Polly Jones and E. A. Rees (eds), The Leader Cult in Communist Dictatorships: Stalin and the Eastern Bloc, Houndmills, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004, pp. 246–60.

Moorhouse, Roger, ‘Germania: Hitler’s Dream Capital’, History Today, 62, issue 3 (March 2012).

Moseley, Ray, Mussolini: The Last 600 Days of Il Duce, Lanham, MD: Taylor Trade Publishing, 2004.

Munro, Martin, Tropical Apocalypse: Haiti and the Caribbean End, Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia Press, 2015.

Murck, Alfreda (ed.), Mao’s Golden Mangoes and the Cultural Revolution, Zurich: Scheidegger and Spiess, 2013.

Myers, Brian R., ‘The Watershed that Wasn’t: Re-Evaluating Kim Il-sung’s “Juche Speech” of 1955’, Acta Koreana, 9, no. 1 (Jan. 2006), pp. 89–115.

Nagorski, Andrew, The Greatest Battle: Stalin, Hitler, and the Desperate Struggle for Moscow that Changed the Course of World War II, New York: Simon & Schuster, 2008.

Nagorski, Andrew, Hitlerland: American Eyewitnesses to the Nazi Rise to Power, New York: Simon & Schuster, 2012.

Nathan, Andrew J., ‘Foreword’ in Li Zhisui, The Private Life of Chairman Mao: The Memoirs of Mao’s Personal Physician, New York: Random House, 1994, pp. vii–xiv.

Neiberg, Michael, Potsdam: The End of World War II and the Remaking of Europe, New York: Basic Books, 2015.

Nicholls, David, ‘Haiti: The Rise and Fall of Duvalierism’, Third World Quarterly, vol. 8, no. 4 (Oct. 1986), pp. 1239–52.

Nitz, Wenke, Führer und Duce: Politische Machtinszenierungen im nationalsozialistischen Deutschland und im faschistischen Italien, Cologne: Böhlau Verlag, 2013.

Oberdorfer, Don, The Two Koreas: A Contemporary History, Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1997.

Overy, Richard, Russia’s War: A History of the Soviet Effort: 1941–1945, Harmondsworth: Penguin Books, 1997.

Pacepa, Mihai, Red Horizons: The True Story of Nicolae and Elena Ceauşescus’ Crimes, Lifestyle, and Corruption, Washington, DC: Regnery Publishing, 1990.

Pantsov, Alexander V. and Steven I. Levine, Mao: The Real Story, New York: Simon & Schuster, 2012.

Paul, Gerhard, Aufstand der Bilder. Die NS-Propaganda vor 1933, Bonn: Dietz, 1990.

Person, James F., ‘North Korea’s chuch’e philosophy’ in Michael J. Seth, Routledge Handbook of Modern Korean History, London: Routledge, 2016, pp. 705–98.

Pipes, Richard, The Russian Revolution, New York: Vintage Books, 1991.

Pipes, Richard, Communism: A History of the Intellectual and Political Movement, London: Phoenix Press, 2002.

Pisch, Anita, ‘The Personality Cult of Stalin in Soviet Posters, 1929–1953: Archetypes, Inventions and Fabrications’, doctoral dissertation, Australian National University, 2014.

Plamper, Jan, The Stalin Cult: A Study in the Alchemy of Power, New Haven: Yale University Press, 2012.

Plewnia, Margarete, Auf dem Weg zu Hitler: Der ‘völkische’ Publizist Dietrich Eckart, Bremen: Schünemann Universitätsverlag, 1970.

Plöckinger, Othmar, Geschichte eines Buches. Adolf Hitler’s ‘Mein Kampf’ 1922–1945, Munich: Oldenbourg Verlag, 2006.

Polyné, Millery, From Douglass to Duvalier: U. S. African Americans, Haiti, and Pan Americanism, 1870–1964, Gainesville, FL: University of Florida Press, 2010.

Rabinbach, Anson and Sander L. Gilman (eds), The Third Reich Sourcebook, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2013.

Radchenko, Sergey and David Wolff, ‘To the Summit via Proxy-Summits: New Evidence from Soviet and Chinese Archives on Mao’s Long March to Moscow, 1949’, Cold War International History Project Bulletin, no. 16 (winter 2008), pp. 105–82.

Reid, Richard J., Frontiers of Violence in North-East Africa: Genealogies of Conflict since c.1800, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011.

Rivoire, Mario, Vita e morte del fascismo, Milan: Edizioni Europee, 1947.

Rees, E. A., ‘Leader Cults: Varieties, Preconditions and Functions’ in Apor Balázs, Jan C. Behrends, Polly Jones and E. A. Rees (eds), The Leader Cult in Communist Dictatorships: Stalin and the Eastern Bloc, Houndmills, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004, pp. 3–26.

Rolf, Malte, ‘A Hall of Mirrors: Sovietizing Culture under Stalinism’, Slavic Review, 68, no. 3 (Fall 2009), pp. 601–30.

Rolf, Malte, ‘Working towards the Centre: Leader Cults and Spatial Politics’ in Apor Balázs, Jan C. Behrends, Polly Jones and E. A. Rees (eds), The Leader Cult in Communist Dictatorships: Stalin and the Eastern Bloc, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004, pp. 141–59.

Rotberg, Robert I., Haiti: The Politics of Squalor, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1971.

Ryang, Sonia, Writing Selves in Diaspora: Ethnography of Autobiographics of Korean Women in Japan and the United States, Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2008.

Salisbury, Harrison, The 900 Days: The Siege of Leningrad, New York, Cambridge, MA: Da Capo Press, 1985.

Santoro, Lorenzo, Roberto Farinacci e il Partito Nazionale Fascista 1923–1926, Soveria Mannelli: Rubbettino, 2008.

Scalapino, Robert A. and Chong-sik Lee, Communism in Korea. Part I: The Movement, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1972.

Schlenker, Ines, Hitler’s Salon: The Große Deutsche Kunstausstellung at the Haus der Deutschen Kunst in Munich 1937–1944, Bern: Peter Lang AG, 2007.

Schmitz, David F., The United States and Fascist Italy, 1922–1940, Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1988.

Schmölders, Claudia, Hitler’s Face: The Biography of an Image, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2005.

Schneider, Wolfgang, Alltag unter Hitler, Berlin: Rowohlt Berlin Verlag, 2000.

Schram, Stuart R., ‘Party Leader or True Ruler? Foundations and Significance of Mao Zedong’s Personal Power’ in Stuart R. Schram (ed.), Foundations and Limits of State Power in China, London: School of Oriental and African Studies, 1987, pp. 203–56.

Schrift, Melissa, Biography of a Chairman Mao Badge: The Creation and Mass Consumption of a Personality Cult, New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2001.

Sedita, Giovanni, Gli intellettuali di Mussolini: La cultura finanziata dal fascismo, Florence: Casa Editrice Le Lettere, 2010.

Sebag Montefiore, Simon, Stalin: The Court of the Red Tsar, New York: Knopf, 2004.

Semmens, Kristin, Seeing Hitler’s Germany: Tourism in the Third Reich, Houndmills, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005.

Service, Robert, Stalin: A Biography, Basingstoke: Macmillan, 2004.

Siani-Davies, Peter, The Romanian Revolution of December 1989, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2007.

Sobanet, Andrew, ‘Henri Barbusse, Official Biographer of Joseph Stalin’, French Cultural Studies, 24, no. 4 (Nov. 2013), pp. 359–75.

Sohier, Estelle, ‘Politiques de l’image et pouvoir royal en Éthiopie de Menilek II à Haylä Sellasé (1880–1936)’, doctoral dissertation, University of Paris 1, 2007.

Sösemann, Bernd, ‘Die Macht der allgegenwärtigen Suggestion. Die Wochensprüche der NSDAP als Propagandamittel’, Jahrbuch 1989, Berlin: Berliner Wissenschaftliche Gesellschaft, 1990, pp. 227–48.

Sösemann, Bernd, Propaganda: Medien und Öffentlichkeit in der NS-Diktatur, Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag, 2011.

Stratigakos, Despina, Hitler at Home, New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2015.

Suh, Dae-sook, Kim Il-sung: The North Korean Leader, New York: Columbia University Press, 1988.

Sun, Judy and Greg Wang, ‘Human Resource Development in China and North Korea’ in Thomas N. Garavan, Alma M. McCarthy and Michael J. Morley (eds), Global Human Resource Development: Regional and Country Perspectives, London: Routledge, 2016, pp. 86–103.

Sweeney, John, The Life and Evil Times of Nicolae Ceausescu, London: Hutchinson, 1991.

Szalontai, Balázs, Kim Il Sung in the Khrushchev Era: Soviet-DPRK Relations and the Roots of North Korean Despotism, 1953–1964, Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2006.

Tareke, Gebru, The Ethiopian Revolution: War in the Horn of Africa, New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2009.

Taubman, William, Khrushchev: The Man and his Era, London, Free Press, 2003.

Taylor, Jay, The Generalissimo: Chiang Kai-shek and the Struggle for Modern China, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2009.

Tiruneh, Andargatchew, The Ethiopian Revolution 1974–87, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993.

Tismaneanu, Vladimir, Stalinism for All Seasons: A Political History of Romanian Communism, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2003.

Tola, Babile, To Kill a Generation: The Red Terror in Ethiopia, Washington: Free Ethiopia Press, 1989.

Tucker, Robert C., ‘The Rise of Stalin’s Personality Cult’, American Historical Review, 84, no. 2 (April 1979), pp. 347–66.

Tucker, Robert C., ‘Memoir of a Stalin Biographer’, Princeton Alumni Weekly, no. 83, 3 Nov. 1982, pp. 21–31.

Ventresca, Robert A., Soldier of Christ: The Life of Pope Pius XII, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2013.

Ullrich, Volker, Hitler: Ascent 1889–1939, New York: Alfred Knopf, 2016.

Vasilieva, Larissa, Kremlin Wives, New York: Arcade Publishing, 1992.

Wang, Helen, Chairman Mao Badges: Symbols and Slogans of the Cultural Revolution, London: British Museum, 2008.

Wedeen, Lisa, Ambiguities of Domination: Politics, Rhetoric, and Symbolism in Contemporary Syria, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1999.

Weintraub, Stanley, Journey to Heartbreak: The Crucible Years of Bernard Shaw, New York: Weybright and Talley, 1971.

Weintraub, Stanley, ‘GBS and the Despots’, Times Literary Supplement, 22 Aug. 2011.

Werth, Alexander, Russia at War, 1941–1945: A History, New York: Skyhorse Publishing, 2011.

White, Lynn T. III, Policies of Chaos: The Organizational Causes of Violence in China’s Cultural Revolution, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1989.

Wilson, Verity, ‘Dress and the Cultural Revolution’ in Valerie Steele and John S. Major (eds), China Chic: East Meets West, New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1999, pp. 167–86.

Wingrove, Paul, ‘Mao in Moscow, 1949–50: Some New Archival Evidence’, Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics, 11, no. 4 (Dec. 1995), pp. 309–34.

Wolff, David, ‘“One Finger’s Worth of Historical Events”: New Russian and Chinese Evidence on the Sino-Soviet Alliance and Split, 1948–1959’, Cold War International History Project Bulletin, Working Paper no. 30 (Aug. 2002), pp. 1–74.

Wylie, Raymond F., The Emergence of Maoism: Mao Tse-tung, Ch’en Po-ta, and the Search for Chinese Theory, 1935–1945, Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press, 1980.

Yurchak, Alexei, ‘Bodies of Lenin: The Hidden Science of Communist Sovereignty’, Representations, no. 129 (Winter 2015), pp. 116–57.

Zeleke, Elleni Centime, ‘Addis Ababa as Modernist Ruin’, Callaloo, 33, no. 1 (Spring 2010), pp. 117–35.

Zewde, Bahru, A History of Modern Ethiopia, London: James Currey, 2001.