*Hos 12:1 Verses 12:1-14 are numbered 12:2-15 in Hebrew text.

*Hos 12:1 Hebrew Ephraim, referring to the northern kingdom of Israel; also in 12:8, 14.

*Hos 12:2 Jacob sounds like the Hebrew word for “deceiver.”

*Hos 12:4 As in Greek and Syriac versions; Hebrew reads to us.

*Hos 12:9 Hebrew as in the days of your appointed feast.

*Hos 12:12 Hebrew Israel. See note on 10:11b.

*Hos 12:13 Hebrew brought Israel. See note on 10:11b.