AAR American Academy of Religion
AB Anchor Bible
ʾAbot R. Nat. ʾAbot de Rabbi Nathan
ʿAbod. Zar. ʿAboda Zara
A.D. anno Domini (in the year of our Lord)
Add. Esth. Additions to Esther
Adv. Haer. Adversus Haereses (Irenaeus)
Ag. Ap. Against Apion (Josephus)
Against Jul. Against Julian (Augustine)
ALBO Analecta lovaniensia biblica et orientalia
AnBib Analecta Biblica
Ann. Annales (Tacitus)
ANRW Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt
Ant. Antiquities (Josephus)
Ant. Rom. Antiquities of Rome (Dionysius of Halicarnassus)
Apoc. Abr. Apocalypse of Abraham
2 Apoc. Bar. Syriac Apocalypse of Baruch
Apoc. Mos. Apocalypse of Moses
Apol. Apology (Justin)
Apost. Const. Apostolic Constitutions
As. Mos. Assumption of Moses
ATANT Abhandlungen zur Theologie des Alten und Neuen Testaments
AusBR Australian Biblical Review
AUSS Andrews University Seminary Studies
BAGD W. Bauer, W. F. Arndt, F. W. Gingrich, and F. W. Danker, Greek-English Lexicon of the NT and Other Early Christian Literature
Bar. Baruch
Barn. Barnabas
BBET Beiträge zur biblischen Exegese und Theologie
B.C. before Christ
BDB F. Brown, S. R. Driver, and C. A. Briggs, Hebrew and English Lexicon of the OT
BDF F. Blass, A. Debrunner, and R. W. Funk, A Greek Grammar of the NT
BDR F. Blass, A. Debrunner, and F. Rehkopf, Grammatik des neutestamentlichen Griechisch
BECNT Baker Exegetical Commentary on the NT
BET Bibliotheca ecclesiastica. Torino
BETL Bibliotheca ephemeridum theologicarum lovaniensium
BEvT Beiträge zur evangelischen Theologie
BFCT Beiträge zur Förderung christlicher Theologie
Bib. Biblica
Bib. Ant. Biblical Antiquities (Pseudo-Philo)
BJRL Bulletin of the John Rylands Library of Manchester
B. Meṣ. Baba Meṣiʿa
BSac Bibliotheca Sacra
BT Bible Translator
BTB Biblical Theology Bulletin
BWANT Beitrage zur Wissenschaft vom Alten und Neuen Testament
BZ Biblische Zeitschrift
BZHT Beihefte zur historischen Theologie
BZNW Beihefte zur Zeitschrift für die neutestamentliche Wissenschaft
c. circa (around)
CBNT Coniectanea biblica. NT
CBQ Catholic Biblical Quarterly
CD Church Dogmatics
CD Cairo Damascus (Document)
cent. century
cf. confer (compare)
chaps. chapters
1 Clem. 1 Clement
col. column
CRINT Compendia rerum iudaicarum ad Novum Testamentum
Cyr. Cyropaedia (Xenophon)
Did. Didache
diss. dissertation
Diss. Dissertationes (Epictetus)
DSS Dead Sea Scrolls
Ecclus. Ecclesiasticus
ed. editor, edition
EDNT H. Balz and G. Schneider (eds.), Exegetical Dictionary of the NT
e.g. exempli gratia (for example)
EKKNT Evangelisch-katholischer Kommentar zum Neuen Testament
Ep. Arist. Epistle of Aristeas
Eph. Ephesians (Ignatius)
Eq. Mag. De Equitum Magistro (Xenophon)
1 Esdr. 1 Esdras
esp. especially
ET English translation
ETL Ephemerides theologicae lovanienses
ETR Etudes théologiques et religieuses
EvQ Evangelical Quarterly
EvT Evangelische Theologie
Exod. Rab. Exodus Rabbah
ExpTim Expository Times
FBBS Facet Books, Biblical Series
FRLANT Forschungen zur Religion und Literatur des Alten und Neuen Testaments
FzB Forschungen zur Bibel
GEL J. Louw and E. Nida (eds.), Greek-English Lexicon
Gen. Rab. Genesis Rabbah
Germ. German
Gk. Greek
Haer. Haereses (Epiphanius)
HBT Horizons in Biblical Theology
H.E. Historia Ecclesiastica (Eusebius)
Heb. Hebrew
Herm. Sim. Hermas, Similitudes
Herm. Vis. Hermas, Visions
Hist. Historia (Polybius)
HKNT Handkommentar zum Neuen Testament
HNT Handbuch zum Neuen Testament
HNTC Harper’s NT Commentaries
HTKNT Herders theologischer Kommentar zum Neuen Testament
HTR Harvard Theological Review
HUCA Hebrew Union College Annual
HUTh Hermeneutische Untersuchungen zur Theologie
ICC International Critical Commentary
IDBSup G. A. Buttrick (ed.), Interpreter’s Dictionary of the Bible, Supplementary Volume
i.e. id est (that is)
Int Interpretation
ITQ Irish Theological Quarterly
JAAR Journal of the American Academy of Religion
JAC Jahrbuch für Antike und Christentum
JB Jerusalem Bible
JBL Journal of Biblical Literature
JETS Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society
Jos. and As. Joseph and Asenath
JPS Jewish Publication Society
Jewish War (Josephus)
JR Journal of Religion
JSNT Journal for the Study of the NT
JSNTSup Journal for the Study of the NT, Supplementary Volume
JSOT Journal for the Study of the OT
JTS Journal of Theological Studies
Jub. Jubilees
Jud. Judith
KD Kerygma und Dogma
1, 2, 3, and 4 Kgdms. 1, 2, 3, and 4 Kingdoms
KJV King James Version
J.W.
Lat. Latin
LD Lectio divina
lit. literally
LSJ Liddell-Scott-Jones, Greek-English Lexicon
LUÅ Lunds universiteits årsskrift
LW Lutheran World
LXX The Septuagint
1, 2, 3, and 4 Macc. 1, 2, 3, and 4 Maccabees
Mek. Mekilta
MeyerK H. A. W. Meyer, Kritisch-exegetischer Kommentar über das Neue Testament
Midr. Qoh. Midrash Qohelet
mg. margin
MM J. H. Moulton and G. Milligan, The Vocabulary of the Greek Testament
MS(S) manuscript(s)
MS(S) manuscript(s)
MT Massoretic Text
MTZ Munchener theologische Zeitschrift
NA Nestle-Aland, Novum Testamentum Graece, 27th ed.
NAB New American Bible
NASB New American Standard Bible
n.d. no date
NEB New English Bible
Neot Neotestamentica
New Docs. New Documents Illustrating Early Christianity
NICNT New International Commentary on the NT
NICOT New International Commentary on the OT
NIDNTT New International Dictionary of NT Theology
NIGTC New International Greek Testament Commentary
NIV New International Version
NJB New Jerusalem Bible
NKZ Neue kirchliche Zeitschrift
n(n). note(s)
NovT Novum Testamentum
NovTSup Novum Testamentum, Supplements
NPNF Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers
NRSV New Revised Standard Version
NRT La nouvelle revue théologique
n.s. new series
NT New Testament
NTA New Testament Abstracts
NTAbh Neutestamentliche Abhandlungen
NTD Das Neue Testament Deutsch
NTS New Testament Studies
NTTS New Testament Tools and Studies
Odes Sol. Odes of Solomon
OL Old Latin
OT Old Testament
par(s). parallels
par(s). parallels
Par. Jer. Paralipomena Jeremiou
Pesaḥ. Pesaḥim
Pesiq. R. Pesiqta Rabbati
PG J. Migne, Patrologia Graeca
PL J. Migne, Patrologia Latina
Plant. De Plantis (Aristotle)
Pol. Politica (Aristotle)
Prel. Stud. Preliminary Studies (Philo)
Pr. Man. Prayer of Manasseh
Ps.-Clem. Hom. Pseudo-Clementine Homilies
Pss. Sol. Psalms of Solomon
Qidd. Qiddushin
1QH Hôdāyôt (Thanksgiving Hymns) from Qumran Cave 1
1QM Milḥāmāḥ (War Scroll) from Qumran Cave 1
1QpHab Pesher on Habakkuk (Habakkuk Commentary) from Qumran Cave 1
1QpNah Pesher on Nahum (Nahum Commentary) from Qumran Cave 1
1QS Serek hayyaḥad (Rule of the Community) from Qumran Cave 1
4QFlor Florilegium from Qumran Cave 4
4QMMT Miqsat Maʿaseh Torah from Qumran Cave 4
11QMelch Melchizedek text from Qumran Cave 11
RB Revue biblique
REB Revised English Bible
Res. De Resurrectione Carnis
RestQ Restoration Quarterly
rev. ed. revised edition
RevExp Review and Expositor
RevistB Revista biblica
RevQ Revue de Qumran
RevThom Revue thomiste
Rh. Rhetorica (Aristotle)
RHPR Revue d’histoire des religions
RNT Regensburger Neues Testament
rpt. reprint
RSPT Revue des sciences philosophiques et theologiques
RSR Recherches de science religieuse
RSV Revised Standard Version
RTP Revue de théologie et de philosophie
Sanh. Sanhedrin
SANT Studien zum Alten und Neuen Testament
SB Sources bibliques
SBLDS Society of Biblical Literature Dissertation Series
SBS Stuttgarter Bibelstudien
SBT Studies in Biblical Theology
SD Studies and Documents
SE Studia Evangelica
S-H W. Sanday and A. C. Headlam, A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Epistle to the Romans
Shabb. Shabbat
Sib. Or. Sibylline Oracles
Sifre Deut. Sifre Deuteronomy
Sipre Lev. Sipre Leviticus
Sipre Num. Sipre Numbers
Sir. Sirach
SJLA Studies in Judaism in Late Antiquity
SJT Scottish Journal of Theology
Smyrn. To the Smyrneans (Ignatius)
SNT Studien zum Neuen Testament
SNTSMS Society for NT Studies Monograph Series
SPB Studia postbiblica
SPCIC Studiorum Paulinorum Congressus Internationalis Catholicus
ST Studia Theologica
StrB H. Strack and P. Billerbeck, Kommentar zum Neuen Testament
SUNT Studien zur Umwelt des Neuen Testaments
Tanch. B. Tanchuma Buber
TBei Theologische Beiträge
TBl Theologische Blätter
TBü Theologische Bücherei
TDNT Theological Dictionary of the NT
TDOT Theological Dictionary of the OT
TEV Today’s English Version
T. 12 Patriarchs Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs (listed individually)
T. Job Testament of Job
T. Mos. Testament of Moses
Tg. Ket. Targum of the Writings
Tg. Neof. Targum Neofiti
THKNT Theologischer Handkommentar zum Neuen Testament
TLZ Theologische Literaturzeitung
TNTC Tyndale NT Commentary
TOTC Tyndale OT Commentary
TP Theologie und Philosophie
Tob. Tobit
trans. translated by
TrinJ Trinity Journal
TToday Theology Today
TZ Theologische Zeitschrift
UBS United Bible Societies Greek New Testament, 4th ed.
UNT Unterschungen zum Neuen Testament
USQR Union Seminary Quarterly Review
v.l. varia lectio (variant reading)
vol. volume
v(v.) verse(s)
WBC Word Biblical Commentary
WEC Wycliffe Exegetical Commentary
WH Westcott and Hort, Greek New Testament
Wis. Wisdom of Solomon
WMANT Wissenschaftliche Monographien zum Alten und Neuen Testament
WTJ Westminster Theological Journal
WUNT Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament
WW Word and World
Yad. Yadayim
Yebam. Yebamot
Z-G M. Zerwick and M. Grosvenor, A Grammatical Analysis of the Greek NT
ZNW Zeitschrift für die neutestamentliche Wissenschaft
ZTK Zeitschrift für Theologie und Kirche