INDEX

3-R principle

abundance

accumulation

action limit

activated carbon

activational

active

additive

adverse

Alde (River)

altricial

amphibian

American leopard frog (Rana pipiens)

clawed frog (Xenopus laevis)

firebelly toad (Bombina spp.)

frog

frog species (Xenopus tropicalis and Rana temporaria)

green frog (Rana clamitans)

mink frog (Rana septentrionalis)

northern cricket frog (Acris crepitanis)

snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentina)

tiger salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum)

toad (Bufo marinus)

annelid

earthworm

enchytraeid worm

Apopka (Lake)

apoptosis

ARRIVE guidelines

arthropod

terrestrial arthropod

mite

nontarget arthropod

assessment methods

authorization

ban

base set data

binding assay

bioaccumulation

bioaccumulative

bioconcentration factor (BCF)

biological relevance

bird

American kestrel (Falco sparverius)

bald eagle

black guillemot (Cepphus grille)

California quail (Callipepla californica)

Caspian tern (Hydroprogne caspia)

chicken (Gallus gallus)

cormorants

double-crested cormorant

duck

Forster’s tern (Sterna forsteri)

glaucous gull (Larus hyperboreus)

gull

heron

herring gull (Larus argentatus)

Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica)

kakapo (Strigops habroptila)

kestrel

osprey

peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus)

predatory

quail

raptor

ring-necked dove (Streptopelia risoria)

seagull

starling (Sturnus vulgaris)

swallow

terns

tree swallow (Tachycineta bicolor)

vulture

zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata)

body burden

Bouin’s fixative

brood

candidate11, 68, 86, 162, 169, 208, 377

candidate list

castrated

chemical

β-boldenone

17α-ethinylestradiol

17β-trenbolone

2,2-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane (HPTE)

2,3,7,8-TCDD

4-nonylphenol

4-tert-octylphenol

5α-reductase inhibitor

acyl-CoA:retinol acyltransferase

albumen

alkylphenol

amino sugar

androgen

antagonist

anti-androgen

antiestrogen

anti-foulants

anti-fouling

antimicrobial

ARNT

aromatase

atrazine

azadirachtin

benzoylureas

biochemical

biocide/biocidal product

bisphenol A (BPA)

brominated flame retardant

cadmium

cDNA

chemicals policy

chitin

chlorinated pesticide

cholesterol

cholineesterase (ChE)

choriogenin

chromafenozide

classification

commercial chemical

complex cocktails of EDCs

contraceptive

cosmetic

CYP

CYP1A

cypris major protein

cyproterone acetate

cytochrome

DDE

DDT

DDT metabolite

diacylhydrazine

diclofenac

dicofol

dieldrin

diethyl phthalate

diethylstilbestrol (DES)

dioxin

dioxin receptor-mediated antiestrogenic activity

DNA

EDC mixture

eicosanoid

endocrine active substance (EAS)

endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC)

endocrine disruptor (ED)

environmental EDCs

enzyme

epofenonane

epoxiconazole

ethynylestradiol (EE2)

fatty acid

fenarimol

fenoxycarb

fipronil

fire retardants

fluoranthene

flusilazole

flutamide

formulation

GABA-inhibitor

genistein

halofenozide

heavy metals

heptachlor

herbicide

hexachlorobenzene

high production volume (HPV) chemical

HmG-CoA reductase

hormonally-active compound

hormone disruptor

HSP70

H-W antigen

hydroprene

hydroxyatrazine

hydroxyflutamide

ibuprofen

industrial contaminant

inert chemical

insect growth regulators (IGRs)

insecticide

isoflavones

isoprenoids

juvenile hormone mimics

juvenoid

kepone

ketoconazole

kinoprene

lindane

lyase

management measure

medicinal product

medicine

mercury

MeSO2-PCB metabolite

methimazole

methoprene

methoxychlor

methoxyfenozide

methylmercury

monodeiodinase (MDI)

moxestrol

mycoestrogen

non-ortho substituted PCBs

nonylphenol (NP)

nonylphenols ethoxylates (NPEs)

octylphenol (OP)

OH-PCBs

organic contaminant (OC)

organochlorine

organophosphate insecticide

organostannic

organotin

oxygenase enzymes

p,p’-DDE

PCH

PDBE

penta-BDE DE-71 22

perchlorate

perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS)

perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA)

persistent and bioaccumulative and toxic (PBT) compound

persistent contaminant

persistent organic pollutant (POP)

personal care product

pesticide

pharmaceutical

phosphoproteins

phthalate ester

phthalate plasticizers

phytoestrogen

plant growth stimulator

plant protection product

polyaromatic hydrocarbon

polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)

polychlorinated dibenzodioxin (PCDD)

polychlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDF)

polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)

polymers

potential endocrine disruptors

precocene

priority chemical

priority hazardous substances (PHSs)

priority substances

procymidone

pseudoestrogens

pyrene

pyriproxifen

regulation (chemical)

retene

retinal palmitate

RNA

safener

sesquiterpenoid

simvastatin

SOX9

spiggin

statins

steroid biosynthesis inhibitor

sterol

substance

substance of very high concern (SVHC)

synergist

synthetic chemical

synthetic glucocorticoid (GC)

synthetic hormone

tamoxifen

tebuconazole

tebufenozide

thyroid peroxidase

toxaphenes

triadimenol

tributyltin (TBT)

triclocarban

triphenyltin (TPT)

triprene

uridine diphosphate glucuronosyl transferase (UDPGT)

very persistent and very bioaccumulative (vPvB) substance

veterinary product

vinclozolin

vitamin A

vitellin

vitellogenin (VTG)

xenobiotic

xeno-estrogen

zona radiata protein (ZRP)

cluster analysis

Clyde (Estuary)

coefficient of variation

Community Strategy for Endocrine Disrupters

computational toxicology

confounding factors

Copenhagen workshop

country

Denmark

France

Germany

Italy

Japan

Korea

United Kingdom (UK)

United States of America (USA)

criteria

critical ‘window’

crustacean

Acartia tonsa

Americamysis bahia

Amphiascus tenuiramis

Balanus amphitrite

calanoid

cladoceran

copepod

copepodites

Corophium volutator

crab

Daphnia magna

Daphnia pulex

daphnid

decapod

Echinogammarus marinus

grass shrimp

harpacticoid copepod

Homarus americanus

lobster

Monoporeia affinis

mysid

Mysidopsis bahia

nauplius/nauplii

Neomysis integer

Nitocra spinipes

Palaemonetes pugio

Procambarus clarkii

shellfish

shore crab (Carcinus maenas)

Tisbe battagliai

Uca pugilator

database

decision-making

definition of EDCs

diapause

diet

dimorphism

directive

diversity

DNA microarray

drinking water

duplication of work

early life stage

echinoderm

ecological relevance

ecological studies

economic interest

ecosystem

ecotoxicogenomics

ecotoxicology

effect

adverse health effect

apical

behavioral effect

carcinogenic

causal relationship

cryptorchidism

demasculinization

derived no-effect level (DNEL)

developmental effects

edema

effect assessment

egg shell thinning

endocrine disrupting effect

epigenetic effect

feminization

feminization

feminization of male

genotoxicity

GLEMEDS

goiter

gonadal abnormality

hemorrhage

hermaphroditism

hypospadias

immunogenic

immunological effect

immunomodulatory changes

immunosuppression

immunotoxicity

imposex

intersex

intersexuality

low-dose effect

masculinization

masculinization of female

mixture effect

mutagenic

non-reproductive effect

non-threshold effect

ovotestis

pathological effect

population decline

population impact

pseudohermaphroditism

reduced fertility

reproductive effect

semen quality

side effects

sperm abnormalities

sterility

TBT-induced masculinization of marine snails

testicular dysgenesis syndrome

testis-ova

thyroid perturbation

vitellogenin (VTG) depression

vitellogenin (VTG) induction

effect directed analysis (EDA)

egg-shell

embryo

embryonic staging system

emerging concern

endangered species

endocrine

endocrinology

endpoint

apical

asynchronous development

behavior

biomarker

body weight

chick edema disease

chitobiase activity

courtship behaviors

dancing

demasculinization

development

development rate

developmental abnormalities

ecdysis

eclosion

egg production

embryonic development

emergence

energy balance

fecundity

fertility

fertilization

gametogenesis

gender reversal

gonadal differentiation

gonadal histopathology

gonadogenesis

gonadosomatic index (GSI)

growth

hatching

hind limb length

histopathology

lactation

metamorphosis

molting

mortality

neuroendocrine stress response

offspring production

oogenesis

population size

preputial separation

puberty onset

pupation

reproduction

reproductive success

secondary sexual characteristics

semen volume

sex determination

sex ratio

sex reversal

sexual development

sexual differentiation

sexual maturation

sexual reproduction

singing

spawning

sperm quality

survival

T4 clearance

tail resorption

testosterone clearance

vaginal opening

vitellogenesis

vocalization

yolk deposition

environmental quality standard (EQS)

enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)

epigenesis

estrous cycle

European Union

evidence

causal relationship

cause-and-effect relationship

multicausal etiology

weight of evidence

wildlife/human connection

expert system

exposure

extrapolation

feeding study

feed restriction

female-producing temperature (FPT)

feminization

feminized

field survey

field monitoring

fish

Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

eel (Anguilla anguilla)

fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas)

flounder (Platichthys flesus)

gudgeon (Gobio gobio)

least killifish (Heterandria formosa)

medaka (Oryzias latipes)

mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus)

perch (Perca fluviatilis)

pike (Esox lucius)

poecilid species, e.g. mosquitofish; white sucker, mummichog

rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

roach (Rutilus rutilus)

salmonid

sand goby (Pomatoschistus minutus)

sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus)

three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus)

white sucker (Catostomus commersoni)

whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus)

zebrafish (Danio rerio)

food chain

gavage

gene

genome

genomics

Great Lakes

guidance

harmonization

hazard

hazard evaluation

health

herbivore

hermaphroditic

heterogametic

history of endocrine disruption

homeostasis

homogametic

hormone/receptor

17β-estradiol

20-hydroxyecdysone

25-deoxyecdysone

3-dehydroxyecdysone

9-cis-retinoic acid

adrenaline

agonist

androgen

androgen receptor (AR)

androstenedione

antagonist

anti-androgen

antiestrogen

APGWamide

aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)

corticosteroid

corticosterone (B)

corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF)

cortisol

crustacean hyperglycemic hormone

dihydrotestosterone

ecdysone

ecdysone receptor agonist

ecdysteroid

ecdysteroid receptor

egg-laying hormone

epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor

ER-β

ER-α

estradiol

estrogen

estrogen receptor (ERs)

estrogenic

estrone

FMRFamide

follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

glucocorticoid receptor (GR)

glucocorticoid

glucocorticosteroid (GC)

gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)

hormonal cross talk

hormone receptor

hormone-receptor complex

hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis

hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal/adrenal (HPI/HPA) axis

hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis

juvenile hormone (JH)

luteinizing hormone (LH)

mandibular organ inhibiting hormone

methyl farnesoate

mineralocorticoid

molt inhibiting hormone

molting hormone

neurohormone

neuropeptide

neuropeptide Y

penis morphogenic factor (PMF)

peptide

pheromone

phytoestrogen

ponasterone A

pregnenolone

progesterone receptor (PRs)

progesterone

progestogen

prolactin

retinoic acid

retinoid

retinoid X receptor (RXR)

retinol

sex hormone

steroid

steroidogenesis

testosterone

testosterone propionate

TH/bZIP

thyroid hormone (TH)

thyroid hormone receptor (THR)

thyroid response element (TRE)

thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

thyroxine (T4)

transport protein

transthyretin

triiodothyronine (T3)

vitamin A

vitellogenesis inhibiting hormone

human health

humans

Humber (Estuary)

immortalization

incubation

industry

in ovo

in ovo exposure

insect

Aleochara bilineata

Anopheles gambiae

Anthonomus grandis

aphid

Aphidius rhopalosiphi

blowfly

Bombyx mori

butterfly

Calliphora

carabid beetle

caterpillar

chironomid

Chironomus riparius

Chironomus spp.

Chrysoperla carnea

Coccinella septempunctuata

Coleoptera

Collembola

Diptera

Dipteran larva

dragonfly

Drosophila melanogaster

dung fly

Folsomia candida

Folsomia fimetaria

fruitfly

Heteroptera

honeybee (Apis mellifera)

Hymenoptera

Insecta

instar

Isotoma viridis

lacewing

ladybird

larva

Lepidoptera

Manduca sexta

mosquito

Musca autumnalis

Neuroptera

nonbiting midge

nymph

Odonata

Orius laevigatus

parasitic wasp

pest species

Philonthus cognatus

Poecilus cupreus

predatory bug

rove beetle

Scathophaga stercoraria

silkworm

social insect

springtail

tobacco hornworm

tomato moth (Lacanobia oleracea)

Trichogramma cacoeciae

in silico

integrated testing strategy

intelligent testing strategy

intermolt

in utero

inventory

in vitro

in vivo

Klimisch Criteria

Lake Michigan

Lake Ontario

larva

legislation

Federal Insecticide Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA)

Food Quality Protection Act

legislative framework

legislative instrument

Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH)

Safe Drinking Water Act (1996) and Amendments

UNECE Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution

Water Framework Directive (WFD)

lifecycle

livestock

male-producing temperature (MPT)

mammal

Baltic grey (Halichoerus grypus)

bear

Beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas)

Canadian river otter (Lutra canadensis)

dolphin

European otter (Lutra lutra)

Florida panther (Puma concolor coryi)

harbour seal (Phoca vitulina)

mink (Mustela vison)

mouse

otter

panther

polar bear (Ursus maritimus)

rat

ringed seal (Phoca hispida baltica)

rodent

sea lion

sea otter

seal

Steller’s sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus)

whale

manufacturer

marine

mechanism

additive effect

agonist

agonistic/antagonistic effect

AhR agonist

antagonistic effect

AR antagonist

aromatase enzyme activity

aromatase inhibition

carcinogenic or/and mutagenic or/and toxic to reproduction (CMR)

causal/cause-effect relationship

concentration-response

dose-response

ecdysteroid agonist

ecdysteroid antagonist124

enzyme induction

ER agonist

ER antagonist

feedback inhibition

genotypic sex determination (GSD)

ligand-binding

mechanism of action

metabolic activation

mode of action

non-receptor mediated pathway

retinoid X receptor (RXR) agonist

synergistic effect

teratogenesis

transcriptional activation

Mersey (Estuary)

metabolism

hemi-metabolism

holo-metabolism

metabolite

metabolome

metabolomics

metamorphic climax

microarray

mineral

mixture

model

3D model

exposure model

population models

predictive model

molecular

molecular genetics

mollusk

Aplysia brasiliana

Aplysia californica

Biomphalaria glabrata

Bithynia tentaculata

bivalve

Bolinus brandaris

Busycon caniculatum

cephalopod

Cerastoderma glaucum

clam

Concholepas concholepas

Corbicula fluminea

Crassostrea gigas

Crassostrea virginica

dogwhelk (Nucella lapillus)

Dreissena polymorpha

European fresh water snail (Planorbarius corneus)

freshwater mussel (Elliptio complanata)

gastropod

golden apple snail (Pomacea bridgesi)

Haliotis rufescens

Haliotis sp. 168t

Helix aspersa

Hexaplex trunculus

Hinia reticulata

Ilyanassa obsoleta

Lithoglyphus naticoides

Littorina littorea

Loligo pealeii

Lottia gigantean

Lymnaea palustris

Lymnaea stagnalis

Mercenaria mercenaria

mussel

Mya arenaria

Mytilus edulis

Mytilus galloprovincialis

Nassarius obsoletus

Nassarius reticulatus

Ocenebra erinacea

Octopus vulgaris

Ostrea edulis

oyster

Patinopecten yessoensis

Physa fontinalis

Physella columbiana

Placopecten magellanicus

Potamopyrgus antipodarum

ramshorn snail (Marisa cornuarietis)

rock shell (Thais clavigera)

Ruditapes decussatus

Saccostrea glomerata

Scrobicularia plana

Sepia officinalis

shellfish

snail

Tapes philippinarum

Tegula atra

Thais emarginata

Valvata piscinalis

Viviparus viviparus

multigeneration

Mutual Acceptance of Data (MAD)

negative control

occupational

OECD Conceptual Framework

oral gavage

organ/tissue

abdominal ganglion

accessory sex gland

accessory sex organ

accessory sex tissue

adrenal glands

albumen gland

allantois

androgenic gland

anterior neostriatum

brain

caudodorsal cells

cerebral ganglia

cloaca

corpora allata

Cowper’s gland

cuticle

egg

egg capsule

epididymis/epididymes

exoskeleton

eyestalk

fibroblast

follicle

ganglion

gland

glans penis

gonad

gonadal-adrenal-mesonephros complex

haemolymph/hemolymph

heart

hepatocyte

hypothalamus

levator ani-bulbocavernosus muscle (LABC)

liver

lobus paraolfactorius

mandibular organ

melanocyte

Müllerian duct

muscle

nephric duct

neurula

nucleus magnocellularis

nucleus roustus archistriatalis

oocyte

ovary

pedal ganglion

penis

perivitelline membrane

pituitary

placenta

pleural ganglion

preovarian duct

preseminiferous tubule

prostate

prothoracic gland

seminal vesicle

shell gland

sperm

stem cells

telencephalic nuclei

tendon

testis/testes

thoracic ganglion

thyroid

uterus

vas deferens

ventral prostate

vitelline membrane

Wolffian ducts

X-organ/sinus gland complex

yolk

Y-organ

organizational

organization/program

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)

authority/competent authority

Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS)

Endocrine Disrupters Testing and Assessment Advisory Group (EDTA)

Endocrine Disruption in Catchments research program (EDCAT)

Endocrine Disruption in the Marine Environment research program (EDMAR)

Endocrine Disruptor Screening and Testing Advisory Committee (EDSTAC)

Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program (EDSP)

Enhanced Tack on Endocrine Disruption (ExTEND)

Environment Canada

EU Framework Programme

EU Joint Research Centre (JRC)

European Chemical Industry Council (CEFIC)

European Commission (EC)

European Environment Agency (EEA)

European Food Safety Authority (EFSA)

European Parliament

EU-US Science and Technology Cooperation Agreement

FIFRA Science Advisory Panel

Intergovernmental Forum on Chemical Safety (IFCS)

International Conference on Chemicals Management in May

International Council on Animal Protection in OECD Programmes (ICAPO)

International Labor Organization (ILO)

International Organisation for Standardization (ISO)

International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS)

Inter-Organization Programme for the Sound Management of Chemicals (IOMC)

Japanese Ministry of the Environment (MoE)

National Coordinators of the OECD Test Guidelines Program

non-governmental organization (NGO)

OECD Business and Industry Advisory Committee (BIAC)

OECD Test Guidelines Program

OECD Validation Management Group (VMG)

OECD Validation Management Group for Ecotoxicity Tests (VMG-eco)

OECD Working Group of the National Coordinators of the Test Guidelines Programme (WNT)

Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)

OSPAR Commission’s Strategy for Hazardous Substances

Registration Review Program

Scientific Committee on Toxicology, Ecotoxicology and the Environment (SCTEE)

Strategic Programs on Environmental Endocrine Disrupters (SPEED

ToxCast program

Toxicological Priority Index (ToxPi)

United Kingdom Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra)

United Kingdom Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (MAFF)

United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)

United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA)

United States Office of Pesticide Programs (OPP)

United States Office of Research and Development

World Health Organisation (WHO)

osmoregulation

Our Stolen Future

ovarian

oviparous vertebrates

oviposition

painting

paradigm

parasite

parental behavior

parthenogenetic

pathway

phenotypic anchoring

physicochemical

pigmentation

policy

Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (PRTR)

post partum

plasmid-based standard curve

potency

precautionary

precautionary principle

precocial

predicted environmental concentration (PEC)

predicted no-effect concentration (PNEC)

preening

primary cell cultures

prioritization

priority list

priority setting

prometamorphosis

premetamorphosis

protection goal

proteome

proteomics

pubertal

puberty

public concern

quantitative real-time RT-PCR (Q-PCR)

quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR)

radio-tagged

Ray (River)

regulation

regulatory action

regulatory concern

regulatory framework

regulatory measure

regulatory strategy

reptile

American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis)

red-eared turtle (Trachemys scripta)

turtle

risk

risk assessment

ecotoxicological risk assessment

environmental risk assessment

risk-based

risk management

risk mitigation

risk reduction

screening

sensitivity

sentinel species

sex chromosome

smoltification

socioeconomic

source of contamination

bleached kraft mill effluent

domestic and industrial effluent

dung

food

milk

nectar

paper and pulp mills

pulp mill effluent

sediment

sewage effluent

sewage sludge

soil

waste

wastewater effluents

wastewater treatment plant (WWTP)

water

Sry region

stakeholder

Standard Evaluation Procedure (SEP)

State-of-the-Science Assessment Report

substitution

sustainable

system (biological)

endocrine system

hormone system

immune system

nervous system

neuroendocrine system

reproductive system

Tees (Estuary)

temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD)

testicular

Thames (Estuary)

therapeutic

thermosensitive period (TSP)

threatened species

tiered

toxicity

toxicokinetics

toxicity identification evaluation

toxicity screening and testing

15 day intact male rodent assay

acute testing

Amphibian Development Growth and Reproductive Assay (ADGRA)

Amphibian Metamorphosis Assay (TG

Androgenised Female Stickleback Screen (GD 148)

apical test

caging experiment

cell line assay

Chironomid Lifecycle Test (TG

chronic testing

Daphnia Reproduction Test (TG

egg injection

Endocrine Disruptor Screening Battery

endocrine screening assay

Extended One-Generation Reproductive Toxicity Study (TG

female pubertal assay

Fish

Fish Early Life Stage Test (TG

Fish Full Lifecycle Toxicity Test

Fish Life Cycle Test

Fish Partial Life Cycle Reproduction Test

Fish Sexual Development Test (TG

Fish Short Term Reproduction Assay (TG

Fish Toxicity Testing Framework

Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay - Xenopus (FETAX)

gaps in the testing suite

H295R human adenoma cell line assay

Hershberger Assay (TG

high throughput screening

in ovo testing

in vitro testing

in vivo testing

integrated testing strategy

life-cycle test

luciferase trans-activation assay

male pubertal assay

mesocosm experiment

multigeneration test

No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL)

No Observed Effect Concentration (NOEC)

OECD Test Guideline (TG)

performance criteria

pupariation assay

regulatory testing protocols

Repeated Dose

sensitivity

specificity

standard test guideline

standardization

subcutaneous injection

test method

test order

test protocol

testing strategy

Tier

Tier

Two-Generation Reproductive Toxicity Study

Uterotrophic Assay (TG

validation

variability

whole lake experiment

Xenopus Metamorphosis Assay (XEMA)

training set

transcriptomics

transgenesis

trophic level

Tyne (Estuary)

uncertainty

weight of evidence (WoE)

Weybridge

wildlife

aquatic wildlife

invertebrate

terrestrial wildlife

top-predators

vertebrate

wildlife health

wildlife populations

wildlife species

yeast