1: “A JUDICIAL TEMPERAMENT”
1. Lewis Alexander Leonard, Life of Alphonso Taft (New York: Hawke, 1920), 20.
2. “Republican Party Platform of 1856,” June 18, 1856, American Presidency Project, http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=29619 [https://perma.cc/P5EU-677Z].
3. James Chace, 1912: Wilson, Roosevelt, and Debs—The Election That Changed the Country (New York: Simon & Schuster Paperbacks, 2004), 23–24.
4. Doris Kearns Goodwin, The Bully Pulpit: Theodore Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, and the Golden Age of Journalism (New York: Simon & Schuster Paperbacks, 2013), 24.
5. Visit by author to William Howard Taft National Historic Site, Cincinnati, OH, July 7, 2017.
6. Minor v. Cincinnati Bd. of Education (Cincinnati Superior Ct. 1870), Opinion of Judge Storer, in The Bible in the Public Schools. Arguments in the Case of J. D. Minor Versus The Board of Education of the City of Cincinnati (Cincinnati: R. Clarke, 1870), 379.
7. Ibid., Opinion of Judge Taft, 390.
8. Abington School District v. Schempp, 374 U.S. 203 (1963).
9. Henry F. Pringle, The Life and Times of William Howard Taft, vol. 1 (Norwalk, CT: Easton Press, 1986), 45.
10. Jonathan Lurie, William Howard Taft: The Travails of a Progressive Conservative (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2012), 5.
11. Pringle, Taft, vol. 1, 73–74.
12. Ibid., 22.
13. Ibid., 35.
14. Judith Icke Anderson, William Howard Taft: An Intimate History (New York: W. W. Norton, 1981), 43; Leonard, Alphonso Taft, 29.
15. Bob Dellinger, Wrestling in the USA, National Wrestling Hall of Fame, http://nwhof.org/stillwater/resources-library/history/wrestling-in-the-usa/ [https://perma.cc/6CR9-EW3M].
16. “When Taft Was at Yale,” Index 18, no. 5 (Feb. 1, 1908): 6.
17. Ishbel Ross, An American Family: The Tafts (1678–1964) (Santa Barbara, CA: Greenwood Press, 1977), 67.
18. Pringle, Taft, vol. 1, 47.
19. Goodwin, Bully Pulpit, 54–55.
20. Ibid., 55.
21. Ibid.
22. Pringle, Taft, vol. 1, 61.
23. Goodwin, Bully Pulpit, 56.
24. Ibid., 60.
25. Lurie, Taft: Travails of a Progressive Conservative, 15.
26. The Literary Club of Cincinnati 1849–1903: Constitution, Catalogue of Members, Etc. (Cincinnati: Ebbert & Richardson, 1903), 30.
27. Helen Herron Taft, Recollections of Full Years (New York: Dodd, Mead, 1914), 3, https://archive.org/details/recollectionsfu02taftgoog.
28. Ibid., 6.
29. Ibid.
30. Carl Sferrazza Anthony, Nellie Taft: The Unconventional First Lady of the Ragtime Era (New York: HarperCollins, 2005), 32.
31. Goodwin, Bully Pulpit, 89.
32. Anthony, Nellie Taft, 58.
33. Ibid., 69.
34. Ibid.
35. Ibid., 74–75.
36. Ibid., 75–76.
37. Lurie, Taft: Travails of a Progressive Conservative, 15.
38. Pringle, Taft, vol. 1, 82.
39. Helen Herron Taft, Recollections, 22.
40. Lurie, Taft: Travails of a Progressive Conservative, 23.
41. Thomas v. Cincinnati, N.O. & T.P. Railway Co., In re Phelan, 62 F. 803 (1894).
42. “George Mortimer Pullman,” Pullman State Historic Site, June 2016, http://www.pullman-museum.org/theMan/ [https://perma.cc/U2M8-RRHC].
43. Lurie, Taft: Travails of a Progressive Conservative, 31.
44. Ibid.
45. Letter from William Howard Taft to Helen H. Taft, July 6, 1894, in Pringle, Taft, vol. 1, 128.
46. Lurie, Taft: Travails of a Progressive Conservative, 32.
47. Goodwin, Bully Pulpit, 215–16.
48. Lurie, Taft: Travails of a Progressive Conservative, 24.
49. Peri E. Arnold, Remaking the Presidency: Roosevelt, Taft, and Wilson, 1901–1916 (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2009), 75.
50. Goodwin, Bully Pulpit, 143–44.
51. Anderson, Taft: An Intimate History, 60.
52. Neal Kumar Katyal, “The Solicitor General and Confession of Error,” Fordham Law Review 81 (2013): 3027, 3030.
53. Pringle, Taft, vol. 1, 16.
54. Goodwin, Bully Pulpit, 145–46.
55. Ibid., 145.
56. Arnold, Remaking the Presidency, 76.
57. Ibid.
58. Goodwin, Bully Pulpit, 152.
59. Pringle, Taft, vol. 1, 109.
60. Ibid., 122.
61. “William Taft: Life Before the Presidency,” Miller Center, University of Virginia, http://millercenter.org/president/biography/taft-life-before-the-presidency [https://perma.cc/WZ45-FHRN].
62. Helen Herron Taft, Recollections, 30.
63. Anderson, Taft: An Intimate History, 64.
64. Pringle, Taft, vol. 1, 143.
65. 156 U.S. 1 (1895).
66. United States v. Addyston Pipe & Steel Co., 85 F. 271 (6th Cir. 1898).
67. Goodwin, Bully Pulpit, 218.
68. Addyston Pipe & Steel Co. v. United States, 175 U.S. 211 (1899). See also William Howard Taft, “Mr. Bryan’s Claim to the Roosevelt Policies,” Address in Sandusky, Ohio, Sept. 8, 1908, in The Collected Works of William Howard Taft, vol. 2, ed. David H. Burton (Athens: Ohio University Press, 2001), 47.
69. Addyston, 175 U.S. at 212.
70. Taft, “Mr. Bryan’s Claim to the Roosevelt Policies,” 48.
71. William Howard Taft, “The Railroads and the Courts,” Address Delivered at Orchestra Hall in Chicago, Sept. 23, 1908, in The Collected Works of William Howard Taft, vol. 2, 91.
72. Ibid., 90.