This bibliography reveals only a portion of the materials consulted in research on the subject. In the interests of a concise and usable bibliography, a listing of the consulted works has been omitted. With only a few exceptions, the sources noted below were consulted for the years 1861–1865.
I. Primary Sources
A. Unpublished Papers
Orville Hickman Browning Papers. Illinois State Historical Society, Springfield.
Cable-Cody Collection. Kansas University, Lawrence.
Correspondence of the Kansas Governors, 1861–1865. Kansas State Historical Society, Topeka.
Mark W. Delahay Papers. Kansas State Historical Society, Topeka.
William Jayne Papers. Illinois State Historical Society, Springfield.
James H. Lane Papers. Kansas University, Lawrence.
Abraham Lincoln Collection. Blue Earth County Historical Society, Mankato, Minnesota.
Abraham Lincoln Papers. Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.
Abraham Lincoln Papers. Minnesota Historical Society, St. Paul.
Edward Duffield Neill Papers. Minnesota Historical Society, St. Paul.
Samuel C. Pomeroy Papers. Edmund Gibson Ross Collection. Kansas University, Lawrence.
Alexander Ramsey Papers. Minnesota Historical Society, St. Paul.
Henry Mower Rice Papers. Minnesota Historical Society, St. Paul.
Charles Robinson Papers. Kansas University, Lawrence.
Henry Hastings Sibley Papers. Minnesota Historical Society, St. Paul.
Edwin M. Stanton Papers. Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.
Clark W. Thompson Papers. Minnesota Historical Society, St. Paul.
John P. Usher Papers. Kansas State Historical Society, Topeka.
Thomas S. Williamson Papers. Minnesota Historical Society, St. Paul.
Henry Benjamin Whipple Papers. Minnesota Historical Society, St. Paul.
B. Published Papers
Browning, Orville Hickman. The Diary of Orville Hickman Browning. Edited by James G. Randall and Theodore C. Pease. 2 vols. Springfield, Illinois: Illinois State Historical Library, 1925–1933.
Chase, Salmon P. Inside Lincoln’s Cabinet: The Civil War Diaries of Salmon P. Chase. Edited by David Donald. New York: Longmans, Green and Company, 1954.
Hay, John. Lincoln and the Civil War in the Diaries and Letters of John Hay. Edited by Tyler Dernett. New York: Dodd, Mead, & Company, 1939.
Lincoln, Abraham. The Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln. Edited by Roy P. Basler et al. 9 vols. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1953.
Ware, Eugene F. The Indian War of 1864. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1960.
Welles, Gideon. The Diary of Gideon Welles. Edited by Howard K. Beale. New York: W. W. Norton, Inc., 1960.
Whipple, Henry B. Lights and Shadows of a Long Episcopate. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1899.
C. Unpublished Federal Documents, National Archives
Records of the Office of Indian Affairs
Letters Received from: Central Superintendency, Cherokee Agency, Chippewa Agency, Colorado Superintendency, Delaware Agency, New Mexico Superintendency, Northern Superintendency, Oregon Superintendency, St. Peter Agency, Southern Superintendency, Winnebago Agency, Yankton Agency
Letters Sent
Report Books
Special Files 85, 201
Records of the Office of the Secretary of the Interior
Indian Division: Letters Received, Letters Sent
Records of the War Department
The Adjutant General’s Office: Letters Received
Office of the Secretary of War: Letter Received, Letters Sent
Sioux Trial Transcripts. Military Commission, U.S. Army. Senate Executive Documents, 1862. Also found at Minnesota Historical Society, St. Paul.
D. Published Federal and State Documents
Congressional Globe, 37th and 38th Congresses.
Supplemental Report of the Committee on the Conduct of the War. 2 vols. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1866.
Lincoln’s Annual Messages, 1861–1865. Appendixes to Congressional Globe, 37th and 38th Congresses.
Annual Reports of the Secretary of the Interior, 1861–1864. Appendixes to Congressional Globe, 37th and 38th Congresses.
U.S., Congress, House of Representatives. Annual Report of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, 1862. Executive Document 1, 37th Congress, 2d session (Serial 1157).
——. Annual Report of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, 1863. Executive Document 1, 38th Congress, 2d session (Serial 1182).
——. Annual Report of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, 1864. Executive Document 1, 38th Congress, 2d session (Serial 1120).
——. Executive Document 58, 39th Congress, 1st session, pt. 9 (Serial 1189).
U.S., Congress, Senate. Annual Report of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, 1861. Executive Document 1, 37th Congress, 2d session (Serial 1117).
——. Executive Document 7, 37th Congress, 3d session, pt. 1 (Serial 1117).
——. Miscellaneous Document 97, 38th Congress, 1st session, pt. 1 (Serial 1177).
——. Report of the Joint Committee on the Conduct of the War, “Massacre of the Cheyenne Indians,” Report 142, 38th Congress, 2d session, pt. 3 (Serial 1214).
——. Report of the Joint Committee on the Condition of the Indian Tribes in the United States, Report 156, 39th Congress, 2d session (Serial 1279).
E. Miscellaneous Documents
The American Annual Cyclopedia and Register of Important Events of the Year. vol. 2 (1862). New York: P. Appleton and Company, 1867.
Documents of American History. Edited by Henry Steel Commager, 7th ed. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1963.
II. Secondary Sources
A. Books
Abel, Annie H. The Slaveholding Indians. 3 vols. Cleveland: Arthur H. Clark, 1915–1925.
Brown, Dee. Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1971.
Buice, Sammy David. “The Civil War and the Five Civilized Tribes.” Ph.D. dissertation, University of Oklahoma, 1970.
Carley, Kenneth. The Sioux Uprising of 1862. St. Paul: Minnesota Historical Society, 1961.
Carman, Harry J. and Luthin, Reinhard H. Lincoln and Patronage. Gloucester, Mass.: Peter Smith, 1964.
Castel, Albert. A Frontier State at War: Kansas, 1861–1865. Ithica, New York: Cornell University Press, 1958.
Cornish, Dudley. The Sable Arm. New York: W. W. Norton and Company, 1956.
Danziger, Edmund. Indians and Bureaucrats: Administering the Reservation Policy during the Civil War. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1974.
Donald, David. Lincoln Reconsidered. New York: Vintage Books, 1961.
Ellis, Richard N. General Pope and U.S. Indian Policy. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1970.
Fehrenbacher, Don E. Prelude to Greatness: Lincoln in the 1850s. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1962.
Foner, Eric. Free Soil, Free Labor, Free Men: The Ideology of the Republican Party before the Civil War. New York: Oxford University Press, 1970.
Foreman, Grant. Indian Removal: The Emigration of the Five Civilized Tribes of Indians. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1953.
Fritz, Henry E. The Movement for Indian Assimilation, 1860-1860. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1963.
Hagan, William T. American Indians. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1961.
Jacobs, Wilbur R. Dispossessing the American Indian. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1972.
Johnson, Ludwell H. The Red River Campaign. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press, 1958.
Jones, Robert Huhn. The Civil War in the Northwest. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1960.
Jordan, Winthrop P. White Over Black: American Attitudes Toward the Negro, 1550–1812. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1968.
McPherson, James M. The Negro’s Civil War. New York: Pantheon, 1965.
Mardock, Robert. The Reformers and the American Indian. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1971.
Marx, Leo. The Machine in the Garden: Technology and the Pastoral Ideal in America. New York: Oxford University Press, 1964.
Minnesota in the Indian and Civil Wars. 2 vols. St. Paul: Pioneer Press Company, 1890–1893.
Monaghan, Jay. Civil War on the Western Border. Boston: Little, Brown, and Company, 1955.
Pearce, Roy Harvey. Savagism and Civilization. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press, 1953.
Quarles, Benjamin. Lincoln and the Negro. New York: Oxford University Press, 1962.
Randall, James G. Lincoln the President. 3 vols. New York: Dodd, Mead, & Company, 1952.
Sandburg, Carl. Abraham Lincoln: The Prairie Years. New York: Blue Ribbon Books, 1926.
——. Abraham Lincoln: The War Years. 3 vols. New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1936–1939.
Sheeham, Bernard. Seeds of Extinction. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1973.
Smith, Henry Nash. The Virgin Land: The American West as Symbol and Myth. Cambridge: Oxford University Press, 1950.
Utley, Robert M. Frontiersmen in Blue: The U.S. Army and the Indian. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1967.
Whitney, Ellen M., ed. The Black Hawk War, 1831–32. Illinois Historical Collection, 35, 1970.
Williams, T. Harry. Lincoln and the Radicals. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1952.
B. Articles
Caldwell, Martha B. “Pomeroy’s ‘Ross Letter’: Genuine or Forgery.” Kansas Historical Quarterly 13 (August 1945) :463–72.
Chaput, Donald. “Generals, Indian Agents, Politicians: The Doolittle Survey of 1865,” Western Historical Quarterly 2 (July 1972) :269–82.
Danziger, Edmund. “The Office of Indian Affairs and the Problem of Civil War Refugees.” Kansas Historical Quarterly 35 (Autumn 1969) :257–75.
——. “The Steck-Carleton Controversy in Civil War New Mexico.” Southwestern Historical Quarterly 74 (October 1970) :104–24.
Franks, Kenny A. “The Confederate States and the Five Civilized Tribes: A Breakdown of Relations.” Journal of the West 12 (July 1973) :439–54.
Garfield, Marvin H. “Defense of the Kansas Frontier, 1864–65.” Kansas Historical Quarterly 1 (February 1932) :140–52.
Kelsey, Harry. “The Background to Sand Creek.” The Colorado Magazine 45 (Fall 1968) :279–300.
——. “William P. Dole and Mr. Lincoln’s Indian Policy.” Journal of the West 10 (July 1971) :484–92.
Langsdorf, Edgar. “Jim Lane and the Frontier Guard.” Kansas Historical Quarterly 9 (February 1940) :13–25.
Lewis, Lloyd. “The Man the Historians Forgot.” Kansas Historical Quarterly 8 (February 1939) :85–103.
Moulton, Gary E. “Chief John Ross During the Civil War.” Civil War History 19 (December 1973) :314–33.
——. “John Ross and W. P. Dole: A Case Study of Lincoln’s Indian Policy.” Journal of the West 12 (July 1973) :414–23.
Neet, J. Frederick. “Stand Watie, Confederate General in the Cherokee Nation.” Great Plains Journal 6 (Fall 1966) :36–51.
Paulson, Howard W. “The Allotment of Land in Severalty to the Dakota Indians before the Dawes Act.” South Dakota History 1 (Spring 1971) :132–41.
Phillips, George H. “The Indian Ring in Dakota Territory, 1870–1890.” South Dakota History 2 (Fall 1972) :345–76.
Unrau, William E. “Indian Agent vs. the Army: Some Background Notes on the Kiowa-Comanche Treaty of 1865.” Kansas Historical Quarterly 30 (Summer 1964) :129–52.
Zornow, William Frank. “The Kansas Senators and the Re-election of Lincoln.” Kansas Historical Quarterly 19 (May 1951) :133–44.