Notes
Introduction: The Urgency of Childhood
    1.  The Sentencing Project, Report of the Sentencing Project to the United Nations Human Rights Committee Regarding Racial Disparities in the United States Criminal Justice System, August 2013, http://sentencingproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/Race-and-Justice-Shadow-Report-ICCPR.pdf.
    2.  Emma Brown and Alejandra Matos, “Nation’s High School Graduation Rate Reaches New Record High,” Washington Post, October 17, 2016.
I. Kids Who Dream, Kids Who Can’t
    1.  Peter Dreier, “Reagan’s Real Legacy,” Nation, February 4, 2011.
    2.  Roy Grant, Delaney Gracy, Grifin Goldsmith, Alan Shapiro, and Irwin E. Redlener, “Twenty-Five Years of Child and Family Homelessness: Where Are We Now?” American Journal of Public Health 103, Suppl. 2 (2013): e1–e10.
    3.  E. Fuller Torrey, “Ronald Reagan’s Shameful Legacy: Violence, the Homeless, Mental Illness,” Salon.com, September 29, 2013.
    4.  Drew Desilver, “Black Unemployment Rate Is Consistently Twice That of Whites,” Pew Research Center, August 21, 2013, http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2013/08/21/through-good-times-and-bad-black-unemployment-is-consistently-double-that-of-whites/.
    5.  Giselle Routhier, State of the Homeless 2016, Coalition for the Homeless, 2016, http://www.coalitionforthehomeless.org/state-of-the-homeless-2016/.
    6.  Eugene M. Lewit, “Children in Foster Care,” Future of Children 3, no. 3 (1993): 192–200.
    7.  Irwin Redlener, Delaney Gracy, and Dennis Walto, Unfinished Business: More Than 20 Million Children in U.S. Still Lack Sufficient Access to Essential Health Care, Children’s Health Fund, November 2016, https://www.childrenshealthfund.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Unfinished-Business-Final_.pdf.
    8.  Routhier, State of the Homeless 2016.
    9.  Jessica M. Solis, Julia M. Shadur, Alison R. Burns, and Andrea M. Hussong, “Understanding the Diverse Needs of Children Whose Parents Abuse Substances,” Current Drug Abuse Reviews 5, no. 2 (2012): 135–147.
  10.  Settlement Housing Fund, “St. John’s Place,” 2017, http://www.settlementhousingfund.org/st_johns_place.html.
  11.  Routhier, State of the Homeless 2016.
  12.  Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Data, Statistics, and Surveillance, 2017, https://www.cdc.gov/asthma/asthmadata.htm.
  13.  Roy Grant, Shawn Bowen, Diane E. McLean, Douglas Berman, Karen Redlener, and Irwin Redlener, “Asthma Among Homeless Children in New York City,” American Journal of Public Health 97, no. 3 (2007): 448–450.
  14.  Economic Innovation Group, The 2016 Distressed Community Index, 2016, http://eig.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/2016-Distressed-Communities-Index-Report.pdf.
  15.  Bureau of Health Workforce Health, Resources and Services Administration, Shortage Areas, Health Professional Shortage Area (HPSA)—Basic Primary Medical Care, January 1, 2017, http://datawarehouse.hrsa.gov/tools/hdwreports/Reports.aspx.
  16.  Roy Grant et al., The Health Transportation Shortage Index: The Development and Validation of a New Tool to Identify Underserved Communities. Children’s Health Fund, 2012, https://issuu.com/childrenshealthfund/docs/chf_htsi-monograph__2_?mode=window.
  17.  Roy Grant, Shawn K. Bowen, Matthew Neidell, Timothy Prinz, and Irwin E. Redlener, “Health Care Savings Attributable to Integrating Guidelines-Based Asthma Care in the Pediatric Medical Home,” Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved 21, Suppl. 2 (2010): 82–92.
II. Roots
    1.  International Food Policy Research Institute, A Visual Guide to the Future World Food Situation, 2000, http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/Pnacj176.pdf.
III. Real-World Medicine and Public Health
    1.  American Society for the Positive Care of Children, “Child Abuse Statistics,” 2017, http://americanspcc.org/child-abuse-statistics/.
    2.  Linda T. Kohn, Janet M. Corrigan, and Molla S. Donaldson, eds., “To Err is Human: Building a Safer Health System,” 1999, http://www.nationalacademies.org/hmd/Reports/1999/To-Err-is-Human-Building-A-Safer-Health-System.aspx.
    3.  Suzanne Franks, “Ethiopian Famine: How Landmark BBC Report Influenced Modern Coverage,” Guardian, October 22, 2014.
    4.  Giselle Routhier, State of the Homeless 2016, Coalition for the Homeless, 2016, http://www.coalitionforthehomeless.org/state-of-the-homeless-2016/.
    5.  Robin Denselow, “Paul Simon’s Graceland: The Acclaim and the Outrage,” Guardian, April 19, 2012.
    6.  Carol Tannenhauser, Cuba Notes, unpublished manuscript, no date.
IV. Going Forward
    1.  Henry Levin, Clive Belfield, Peter Muennig, and Cecilia Rouse, The Costs and Benefits of an Excellent Education for All of America’s Children. Teachers College, Columbia University, January 2007, http://cbcse.org/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/2007-Levin.Excellent-educatin-for-all-of-america%C2%B4s-children.pdf.
    2.  Henry M. Levin and Cecelia E. Rouse, “The True Cost of High School Dropouts,” New York Times, January 25, 2012.
    3.  Mission: Readiness and ReadyNation, STEM and Early Childhood—When Skills Take Root, May 2016, http://www.prekforpa.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/MR_RN-Skills-Gap-PA_v3.pdf.
    4.  See James J. Heckman, “The American High School Graduation Rate: Trends and Levels,” Review of Economics and Statistics 92, no. 2 (2010): 244–262.
    5.  James J. Heckman and Dimitriy V. Masterov, “The Productivity Argument for Investing in Young Children,” Review of Agricultural Economics 29, no. 3 (2007): 446–493.
    6.  Robert G. Lynch, Enriching Children, Enriching the Nation: Public Investment in High-Quality PreKindergarten (Washington, DC: EPI Press, 2007).
    7.  Robert G. Lynch, “Early Childhood Investment Yields Big Payoff,” West Ed Policy Perspectives, 2005, https://www.wested.org/online_pubs/pp-05-02.pdf.
    8.  See Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Data, Statistics, and Surveillance, 2017, https://www.cdc.gov/asthma/asthmadata.htm.
    9.  Roy Grant, Shawn K. Bowen, Matthew Neidell, Timothy Prinz, and Irwin E. Redlener, “Health Care Savings Attributable to Integrating Guidelines-Based Asthma Care in the Pediatric Medical Home,” Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved 21, Suppl. 2 (2010): 82–92.
  10.  Fangjun Zhou, Abigail Shefer, Jay Wenger, Mark Messonnier, Li Yan Wang, Adriana Lopez, Matthew Moore, Trudy V. Murphy, Margaret Cortese, and Lance Rodewald, “Economic Evaluation of the Routine Childhood Immunization Program in the United States, 2009,” Pediatrics 133, no. 4 (2014): 577–585.
  11.  Lynch, Enriching Children.
  12.  Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, “Early Childhood Experiences: Laying the Foundation for Health Across a Lifetime,” Issue Brief 1: Early Childhood Experiences and Health, June 2008, http://www.commissiononhealth.org/PDF/095bea47-ae8e-4744-b054-258c9309b3d4/Issue%20Brief%201%20Jun%2008%20-%20Early%20Childhood%20Experiences%20and%20Health.pdf.
  13.  National Education Association (NEA), “Fact Sheet: Enriching Children, Enriching the Nation,” 2007, http://www.nea.org/home/18190.htm.
  14.  Children’s Defense Fund, “End Child Poverty,” 2017, http://www.childrensdefense.org/policy/policy-priorities-overviews/endchildpoverty.html.
  15.  Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, “Early Childhood Experiences.”
  16.  First Focus, “Fact Sheet: Kids Lose Billions with Sequester,” February 2013, https://firstfocus.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/FirstFocus-TaxPolicy-2013SequestrationsImpactonKids.pdf.
  17.  Julia B. Isaacs, Sara Edelstein, Heather Hahn, Katherine Toran, and C. Eugene Steuerle, “Kids’ Share 2013: Federal Expenditures on Children in 2012 and Future Projections,” Urban Institute, 2013, http://www.urban.org/sites/default/files/publication/23981/412903-Kids-Share-Federal-Expenditures-on-Children-in-and-Future-Projections.PDF.
  18.  Bruce Lesley, “Invest in Kids: Restoring the American Dream,” First Focus: Voices for Kids Blog, 2014, https://firstfocus.org/blog/invest-in-kids-restoring-the-american-dream/.
  19.  Office of the State Comptroller, An Economic Snapshot of the Bronx, Report 4–2014, July 2013, https://www.osc.state.ny.us/osdc/rpt4-2014.pdf.
  20.  National Center for Children in Poverty (NCCP), “Child Poverty,” 2017, http://www.nccp.org/topics/childpoverty.html.
  21.  Ellen L. Bassuk, America’s Youngest Outcasts: A Report Card on Child Homelessness, American Institutes for Research, November 2014, http://www.air.org/sites/default/files/downloads/report/Americas-Youngest-Outcasts-Child-Homelessness-Nov2014.pdf.