All fabrics are based on two kinds of fibers: natural or man-made. Natural fibers are those derived from plants or animals: cotton, wool, silk, and linen. Man-made fibers are produced by chemical processes. They include polyester, nylon, acetate, spandex, and many others.
Combining natural and man-made fibers produces blends which give you the best qualities of several fibers. For example, the strength of nylon may be added to the warmth of wool, the easy care of polyester to the comfort of cotton.
There is an almost endless variety of blends available, and each one behaves differently. Check the fiber content on the bolt end for the kinds and quantities of fibers used. Care instructions are also listed. Examine the hand of the fabric—how it feels, how it drapes, whether it crushes easily or ravels, whether it stretches. Drape the fabric over your hand or arm to determine if it is as soft or crisp, heavy or light, as you need for a particular project.
Fabrics are also classified by fabrication, meaning how they are made. All fabrics are either woven, knit, or nonwoven. The most common woven is the plain weave construction. This is found in fabrics such as muslins, poplin, and taffeta. Denim and gabardine are diagonal weaves. Cotton sateen is a satin weave. Knits also have several classifications. Jersey is an example of a plain knit. Sweater knits can be made by the purl, patterned, or raschel knit processes. Felt is an example of a nonwoven fabric.
Selecting the right fabric for your sewing project takes a little practice. Refer to the back of the pattern envelope for suggestions, and learn to feel the hand of fabric. Quality fabric doesn’t have to be expensive. Choose well-made fabric that will wear well and stay looking good.