A seam is the basic element in all garment construction. It is created by stitching two pieces of fabric together, usually 5/8" (1.5 cm) from the cut edge. Perfect seams are the most obvious sign of a well-made garment. Puckered, crooked, or uneven seams spoil the fit as well as the look.
In addition to holding a garment together, seams can be used as a design element. Seams placed in unusual locations or topstitched with contrasting thread add interest to a garment. Most plain seams require a seam finish to prevent raveling. A seam finish is a way of treating or enclosing the raw edges of seam allowances so they are more durable and do not ravel.
Variations of the plain seam include bound, encased, topstitched, and eased seams. Some, such as the flat-fell seam, add strength or shape. Others, such as French or bound seams, improve the appearance of the garment or make it longer wearing.