Saddam Hussein, 33, 51, 69, 194, 322, 375
Saint, Butch, 335
SAM missiles, 399–400, 467, 471, 472
Sapiro, Miriam, 423–24
as draw play, 123–24
Mladic’s attack on (Aug. 28, 1995), 348
as showplace of Yugoslavia, 121–22
siege of, 121–23, 128, 132, 201, 295, 297, 303
Srebrenica compared with, 201, 204
Saturday Night Live (TV show), 10
Saudi Arabia, 69
Sawyer, Diane, 179
Schwarzkopf, Norman, 234
Cheney’s dislike of, 66–67
in Gulf War, 13, 47, 48, 51–54, 66, 153, 321, 455
Schweid, Barry, 226
Scowcroft, Brent, 42–45, 94, 243, 255, 328, 493
Balkans intervention as concern of, 32, 43, 44, 58
Bosnia crisis and, 135–36, 139, 155
Bush as co-author with, 65–66, 238
Bush’s relationship with, 43, 58, 65–66, 243
on Clinton, 103–4
Kissinger association of, 59, 65
military background of, 62
Qualcomm and, 138
Somalia policy and, 252
Seitz, Ray, 227
Sell, Louis, 29
Senate, U.S., 43, 64, 110, 266, 299, 328
Armed Services Committee of, 158, 324
Bosnia policy and, 303
Clinton acquitted by, 373–74, 421
Cohen in, 439–41
Eagleburger’s confirmation hearings in, 25–26
election of 1991 and, 153
Finance Committee of, 218
Foreign Relations Committee of, 26, 62, 253, 377, 480
Hillary Clinton’s campaign for, 101, 103
Judiciary Committee of, 207
Kosovo policy and, 425
recognition of North Vietnam and, 288, 483
search for Democratic secretary of state candidate in, 172–73
Somalia policy investigation of, 265
Seneca, 291
Serbia, Serbs, 42, 80–84, 88–100, 121–36, 154–56
in Borovo Selo massacre, 96–98
in Bosnia, see Bosnian Serbs Chirac’s opposition to, 303–6
Christmas warning and, 155, 365
in Croatia, 31, 34, 37, 93, 126, 339–40, 347
Croatian hatred of, 94–95, 122
Croatia’s ceasefire with, 125
Croatia’s wars with, 31–32, 34–38, 41, 43, 94–98, 121, 122, 129, 136, 293, 295, 332, 334–40, 346–48, 350–51, 354, 395
election of 2000 in, 486
Endgame strategy and, 313, 314
ethnic cleansing by, 36, 37, 97, 123–25, 197, 201, 202, 230, 287, 293–97, 315–16, 338
Greek defense of, 304
JNA as army of, 31, 34, 37, 93, 98, 122
KLA vs., 366–67, 396, 397, 398, 409, 472, 473, 477, 481
Kosovo, 82, 83, 84, 121, 136, 364–65
media savvy of, 83, 84, 93, 95
in peace negotiations, 347–48, 350, 351, 353–59, 477–78
protest in, 486–87
at Rambouillet conference, 420–21
in World War II, 90, 94–95, 304
Serbian nationalism, 24–29, 78, 82–84, 91, 93–100, 121, 126, 356, 364
of Kostunica, 486
media’s exploitation of, 83–84
Milosevic’s hold on, 486
of Milosevic vs. Mladic, 348
U.S. policy considerations and, 232
Serb Orthodox Catholics, 24, 98, 304, 356, 450
Serb Third Army, 449
Sevareid, Eric, 160
Seventh Corps, 321
Shalikashvili, Dmitri, 319–20, 325
Shalikashvili, John, 88, 279, 317–28, 389–94, 411, 490
appointed head of JCS, 319, 323–24, 325, 389
background of, 319–20
Bosnia policy and, 285, 311–14, 317–18, 324–28, 330, 349, 350, 391, 441
Clark’s problems and, 349, 350, 434, 437
on European Community, 86
European security and, 389–90
Gulf War logistical assignment of, 321
immigrant patriotism of, 324, 389
Krajina offensive and, 337
Kurd refugee crisis and, 321–23
at NATO meeting, 327–28
retirement of, 404, 412–13, 434
sensitivity and goodness of, 322–25
Shearer, Derek, 405
Sheehan, Jack, 279, 281, 282, 412–13
Shelly, Christine, 276–77
Shelton, Henry Hugh, 282, 414–15, 433, 451, 478
Apache helicopters and, 464–66
Clark’s relationship with, 436–37, 454, 456, 465, 469, 479
Sherman, Wendy, 385
Shevardnadze, Eduard, 33
Shinseki, Eric, 479
Shore, Billy, 113
Short, Christopher, 446
Short, Mike, 54, 399–400, 425, 444–51, 458, 462, 469, 470, 487
background of, 447
in Vietnam War, 447–48
Shoup, David, 416
Siad Barre, Mohammed, 249, 254
Silajdzic, Haris, 358
Silber, Laura, 96
Simon, William, 67
Skinner, Sam, 148
Skopje, earthquake in, 25
Slavonia, 337
Slovenia, Slovenians, 34, 88–92, 156
German support for,
independence of, 24, 26, 29, 41, 44, 88–92, 94, 121, 126, 165, 364
Milosevic’s move against, 31, 34
U.S. relations with, 94
in World War I, 89
in World War II, 88
Smith, Leighton (Snuffy), 349, 362–63
Solarz, Stephen, 77
death of U.S. troops in, 261–65, 271
geopolitical consequences of, 267, 271, 272, 275, 276, 326, 358, 442
media coverage of, 250, 251, 262
as modern nonstate, 250
nation-building in, 252, 257–61, 377, 380, 418
tribalism in, 248, 249, 250, 253, 255
UN peacekeeping force in, 251, 252, 254–58, 260, 264
U.S. relations with, 194, 246, 248–65, 442
South:
Clinton critics in, 210
Powell in, 234
racial change in, 167
Republican takeover in, 61
Soviet Union, 37, 50, 365, 379
as advertisement for free society, 11
Brzezinski’s views on, 169
collapse of, 11, 13–14, 17, 24, 30, 32–33, 60, 73, 80, 86, 87, 126, 212
détente and, 58–59
as “evil” empire, 59
Gorbachev revolution in, 58
Iraq’s relations with, 74
right-wing coup attempt in (Aug. 1991), 9
Somalia’s relations with, 248–49, 256
Yugoslavia’s relations with, 77, 78, 89
Srebrenica, 200–204, 224, 293–97, 306, 337
fall of, 314–16, 318, 326–27, 330, 331, 337, 338, 340, 396
surrender demand and, 203, 204
Stalin, Joseph, 78, 95, 197, 386
Stambolic, Ivan, 83
Star, 113–14
State Department, U.S., 20, 62, 132–41, 172–91, 341–48, 389–90
Bosnia crisis and, 128–29, 132–36, 139–42, 196, 198, 199–200, 224–31, 283, 285, 308, 311, 318, 346–48
Christopher’s replacement at, 369–70
Christopher’s resignation offer and, 299, 300, 301
Defense Department compared with, 37
Galbraith as viewed by, 332
Human Rights Bureau of, 230–31
Intelligence and Research Bureau of (INR), 128
Kosovo and, 376–77, 388, 398, 409, 410
Lake’s relationship with, 288, 311
lift and strike policy and, 224–30
Policy Planning at, 132–34, 185, 229, 302, 383
post-communism weakness of, 30
Powell offered appointment to, 299–301
Rwanda policy and, 276–77
selection of Clinton appointment to, 168, 172–78
start of Balkans crisis and, 25–30, 34, 35, 36, 57
use of word “genocide” avoided by, 135
Vance’s resignation from, 172, 198–99
Zimmermann-Eagleburger meeting at, 79–80
Stealth B-2 bomber, 55, 457–60, 470–71
Stealth F-117 fighter, 50–56
Steiger, William, 67
Stephanopoulos, George, 190, 192, 222, 241
Clinton’s problems with, 302
in election of 1992, 20, 22, 116, 159, 169
Haiti policy and, 272–73, 270, 280
Kantor’s tensions with, 169, 171
Somalia policy and, 260–61, 263
Stern, Fritz, 343–44
Stevenson, Adlai, 377
Storm, Operation, 339
suburbanization, political effects of, 102, 105
Sudetenland, 316
Sullivan, Gordon, 437
Sun Belt, shift of power and affluence to, 61–62, 72, 101
Sununu, John, 148
Supreme Court, U.S., 384–85, 492
Susak, Gojko, 334–35, 337, 350
Tactical Air Command (TAC), 48–54, 446
Talbott, Strobe, 30, 125, 301, 349, 376, 480
Clinton’s relationship with, 178, 342, 404, 405
Haiti policy and, 279
as Holbrooke advocate, 178, 342, 244–46, 352, 353, 369, 398
NSC job offered to, 368
in peace negotiations, 476, 477
talk radio, 209–10
tank photo of Dukakis, 22, 384
Tarnoff, Peter, 175, 182, 305–6
Task Force Hawk, 466
taxes:
Bush’s increasing of, 14–15, 147, 213
Reagan policies for, 14, 212, 213
social security, 207
political effects of, 104, 108, 116
Teeter, Bob, in election of 1992, 14, 17, 58, 150, 152, 154
Bosnia crisis and, 131–32, 134, 307, 314, 315, 317, 326
in election of 1992, 108, 117, 119–20, 143, 149
electoral fickleness and, 208–9
empathy, 108
Lewinsky scandal and, 373
magazine shows for, 160, 162, 164
managerial class and, 161, 163
network, effects of generational change on, 159–64, 266
political advertising on, 22, 208, 209, 210, 384
Serbian nationalism and, 83
shrewdness about political morality and, 402–3
star reporters for, 160, 162, 164
vicious cycle for news coverage of, 163–64
Tenth Mountain Division, U.S., 279
Texas:
Bush in, 71–72
Theodore Roosevelt (carrier), 348
Thomason, Harry, 371
Thornburgh, Dick, 153
Thurmond, Strom, 324
Tijanic, Aleksander, 82
Time, 136
Tirana, 466
Tito (Josip Broz), 27, 76, 78–79, 81, 82, 89, 95, 97, 365
Tomahawk cruise missiles, 348–50, 354, 457
Tontons Macoutes, 267
TransAfrica Forum, 278
Bentsen as secretary of, 216, 218–21
Trexler, Gary, 451
in Rwanda, 273–77
in Somalia, 248, 249, 250, 253, 255
Trilateral Commission, 72
Trillin, Calvin, 403
Tripp, Linda, 371, 372, 373, 403
Trnopoljie, 123
Tudjman, Franjo, 37, 122, 333, 341, 356, 365
Croat-Bosnian offensive and, 338, 347, 348, 350
Galbraith’s talks with, 334, 337, 347
Holbrooke’s dealings with, 347, 350
Izetbegovic’s meeting with, 338
Milosevic’s secret meeting with (March 25, 1991)
neo-Nazi ideology of, 91–92
Turks:
Bosnian Muslims as, 296
Kurds’ relationship with, 322
see also Ottoman Empire
Tutsi, 273–77
Tutwiler, Margaret, 132
Tuzla, 203
U-2 surveillance plane, 187, 399
Ukraine, 33
Ullman, Dick, 126
UNAMIR (United Nations Assistance Mission in Rwanda), 275–77
Albright as ambassador to, 178, 192, 197, 256, 257, 258, 264, 290, 338, 377–78, 380, 386, 404
Bosnia and, 123, 125–27, 166, 202–3, 204, 275, 285, 293–94, 303, 306, 312–15, 327–28, 330
Holbrooke as ambassador to, 188, 485
Kosovo problem and, 397, 398–99, 476, 477
Pickering at, 191
in Rwanda, 275–77
Security Council of, 204, 256, 260, 337, 397
Somalia policy and, 251, 252, 254–58, 260, 263, 264
Srebrenica and, 202–3, 204, 293–94
U.S. relationship problems with, 147, 264, 476, 485
United States:
affluence in, 101–5
economy of, see economy, U.S.
European Community’s independence and, 86, 87
European defense burden shouldered by, 89–90
foreign policy of, see foreign policy, U.S.
Gulf War victory’s effects on, 12–13, 15–16
Haitians in, 268
Reagan’s faith in, 146
self-absorption of, 159–61, 163–65, 490
self-image of, 108 see also specific topics UNPROFOR (United Nations Protection Force), 125–27, 293, 313, 316
collapse of, 312
hostages taken from, 285, 294, 303
uranium, 274
Ustashe, Croat (fascist police), 94–95, 295
Utley, Clifton, 162
Vance, Cyrus, 20, 169, 174, 355
Balkans policy aid, 88, 197–99
Brzezinski vs., 169, 170, 185–86, 243
Holbrooke’s work for, 185–86
Vance-Owen plan, 197–99, 207, 358
Vanderbilt University, 154
Vasic, Milo, 83
Vershbow, Sandy, 286, 312, 313, 340
Viet Cong, 110, 112, 184, 232, 355, 367
Vietmalia syndrome, 265
Vietminh, 367
Vietnam, North, 40, 49, 110, 185, 239, 427, 448, 459, 491
Vietnam War, 38–42, 59, 93, 131, 165, 167, 180–87, 209, 252, 253, 286, 287, 320, 379, 414–17, 431
Air Force in, 40–41
airpower shortcomings in, 45, 48–49, 51–52, 355
Balkans crisis compared with, 32, 35, 36, 38, 39, 42, 45, 129, 135, 136, 306, 355–56, 359, 398, 411, 461
Bush’s views on, 70
class distinctions in, 238–39
Democrats bedeviled by, 105–6, 168–69, 172, 180–90
effects on army, 38, 40–41, 42, 234, 239, 417
and election of 1972, 405
and election of 1992, 110–18, 148, 152–53, 206
and generational change in politics, 110–11
Gulf War compared with, 13, 47, 51–52, 53
Kosovo situation compared with, 366, 367, 411, 424–25, 451
peace with honor in, 184
Powell in, 35, 42, 45, 62, 69–70, 234, 237, 238–39, 259
Rolling Thunder in, 51, 427, 451
Shalikashvili in, 320
Short in, 447–48
Somalia compared with, 258, 259, 261
U.S. doubt and frustration after, 12, 40–41, 146
see also antiwar movement
Vietnam Working Group, 183
Visegrad group, 155–56
Volcker, Paul, 63
voting, candidate’s critical test during, 22
Voting Rights Act (1965), 61, 298, 491
Vukovar, siege of, 31, 34, 36–39, 129
Vulliamy, Edward, 77, 122–23, 134
Vuono, Carl, 335
Waffen SS, 320
Wagner, Carl, 405
Wahlgren, Lars Eric, 295
Waldman, Michael, 375
Walker, William, 410
budget deficit and, 213, 215, 220, 221, 223
Wall Street Journal, 114
Warren, Earl, 137
Washington Post, 110, 132, 154, 160, 161, 166, 237, 249, 330, 363, 380, 464, 479
Washington Post Magazine, 428–29
Watergate, 374
Watson, Jane, 334
Watts, Bill, 185
Wealth of Nations, The (Reich), 214
Weinberger, Caspar (Cap), 137, 390
Weinberger Doctrine, 390
Westmoreland, William, 13, 181
Clark at, 427, 428, 431, 432, 447, 449
Whiteman Air Force Base, 457, 458
affluence of, 105
middle class, 209
talk radio and, 209–10
Will, George, 147
Wilson, George, 110
Winfrey, Oprah, 108
Winger, Debra, 111
Winning Ugly (Daalder and O’Hanlon), 444
Winter Olympics (1984), 122
Wirthlin, Richard, 72
Witcover, Jules, 137–38
Wofford, Harris, 153
Wolfowitz, Paul, 141–42
women:
Albright supported by, 370
in Clinton cabinet, 207, 369–70, 373, 385
Clinton’s support from, 204–5, 362, 385
in election of 2000, 491–92
foreign policy and, 383, 384, 385
in military, 245–46
political power of, 204–5, 207, 209, 385
Woolsey, James, 191–93
Clinton access as problem for, 243–44
resignation of, 299
Somalia policy and, 253
Wooten, Jim, 114–18
World Health Organization, 202
World News Tonight (TV show), 163
World Transformed, A (Bush and Scowcroft), 65–66, 238
World War I, 40, 55, 89, 90, 111, 274, 344, 364, 478
World War II, 17, 37, 45, 62, 75, 94–95, 118, 182, 295, 478
air power in, 41, 51, 52, 55, 326, 452
Allied victories in, 10
Balkans crisis compared with, 129, 293, 294, 316, 452
Bentsen in, 216–17
Gulf War compared with, 13, 16, 52, 55
Shalikashvili and, 320–21, 325
see also specific countries
Wright, Jim, 68
Yad Vashem, 319
Yarborough, Ralph, 217
Yeltsin, Boris, 9, 13, 423, 475–76
Yugoslavia, 76–100
Baker’s trip to (June 1991), 45–46
breakup of, 17, 24–46, 79, 84, 88–100, 126, 136, 165, 364
conflicts and contradictions in, 76–79, 81
Eagleburger trip to (Feb. 1979), 25–30, 92
economy of, 77, 81, 99, 485, 486–87
independent communist path of, 77, 78, 89, 99
naming of, 76
suppression of nationalism in, 24, 27, 76, 78–79
U.S. post-Cold War attitude toward, 79–80, 81
in World War II, 45, 76, 77, 94–95, 232, 295, 330, 452
see also Kosovo, Kosovars; specific former Yugoslav republics
Yugoslav League of Communists, dissolution of, 84
Yugoslav National Army (JNA), 31, 37, 93, 98, 334, 336, 355
in Bosnia, 122
dissidents in, 94
Gulf War and, 33
Perry’s views on, 329–30
TV in, 96
Zaire, 252
surrender of, 338–39
Zimmermann, Warren, 45, 79–81, 140
Eagleburger’s meeting with, 79–80
Yugoslav opposition groups brought together by, 28–29