Notes and Sources

Introduction

1. Peter Young, Rommel (London: Collins, 1950), p. 32.

Gerard M. Devlin, Silent Wings (New York: St. Martin’s, 1985), p. 13.

Pierre Accoce and Pierre Quet, A Man Called Lucy (New York: Coward-McCann, 1966), p. 23.

Willi Frischauer, The Rise and Fall of Hermann Göring (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1951), p. 38.

Edward V. Rickenbacker, Seven Came Through (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1943), p. 104.

John W. Wheeler-Bennett, The Nemesis of Power (New York: Macmillan, 1954), p. 96. Author’s archives.

Part One—Heading Toward the Abyss

1. Sinister Plots in the “New Germany”

B. H. Liddell Hart, The German Generals Talk (New York: Morrow, 1948), p. 21.

Harold C. Deutsch, The Conspiracy Against Hitler (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1968), pp. 20–22.

David Irving, Hitler’s War (New York: Viking, 1977), p. xxiv.

Richard Brett-Smith, Hitler’s Generals (San Rafael, Calif.: Presidio, 1976), p. 185.

Rupert Butler, Black Angels (New York: St. Martin’s, 1977), pp. 18–19.

Author’s archives.

Anthony Cave Brown, Bodyguard of Lies (New York: Harper & Row, 1975), p. 182.

2. “Burglars” Call on a Japanese Spymaster

Author interview with Vice Admiral John D. Bulkeley (Ret.), 1992.

Ellis M. Zacharias, Secret Missions (New York: Putnam, 1946), pp. 78–79.

Eddy Bauer, ed., Illustrated Encyclopedia of World War II (New York: Marshall Cavendish, 1966), p. 41.

Ladislas Farago, The Game of the Foxes (New York: McKay, 1971), p. 31.

3. Ten Moles in Hitler’s High Command

Anthony Read and David Fisher, Colonel Z (New York: Viking, 1985), pp. 211, 223.

Alexander Foote, Handbook for Spies (New York: Doubleday, 1949), pp. 32, 45.

Anthony Cave Brown, Bodyguard of Lies (New York: Harper & Row, 1975), p. 22.

Pierre Accoce and Pierre Quet, A Man Called Lucy (New York: Coward-McCann, 1966), p. 43.

Author’s archives.

4. A Scheme to Declare Hitler Insane

John W. Wheeler-Bennett, The Nemesis of Power (New York: Macmillan, 1954), pp. 372,411.

Willi Frischauer, The Rise and Fall of Hermann Göring (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1951), pp. 38–39.

Karl Bracher, The German Dictatorship (New York: Praeger, 1970), p. 138.

Albert Speer, Inside the Third Reich (New York: Macmillan, 1970), pp. 373–374.

Anthony Cave Brown, Bodyguard of Lies (New York: Harper & Row, 1975), p. 184.

Author’s archives.

Interrogation by U.S. Historical Section, Germany, of leading German generals, manuscript, December 1945, Modern Military Records, National Archives, Washington, D.C.

5. The Blond Beast’s Ruse Backfires

Walther Schellenberg, The Labyrinth (New York: Harper, 1956), pp. 197–198.

Heinz Höhner, Canaris (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1979), p. 226.

Author’s archives.

6. Did His Generals Sabotage the Fiihrer?

Eugene Davidson, The Trial of the Germans (New York: Macmillan, 1966), p. 380.

Harold C. Deutsch, The Conspiracy Against Hitler (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1974), pp. 95–96.

Author’s archives.

7. Her Serene Highness Plots with Goering

Don Whitehead, The FBI Story (New York: Random House, 1956), p. 233.

Willi Frischauer, The Rise and Fall of Hermann Göring (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1951), p. 38.

Lord Halifax, Fullness of Days (New York: Dodd, Mead, 1957), p. 186.

8. A Bizarre Kidnapping Scheme

Leon Turrou, The Nazi Spy Conspiracy in America (Freeport, N.Y: Books for Libraries Press, 1969), pp. 46–47, 52, 56.

Reports of FBI interrogation of Günther Gustav Rumrich, February-March 1938, in author’s files.

9. The French Consul’s Janitor

Charles Wighton and Günter Peis, Hitler’s Spies and Saboteurs (New York: Holt, 1958), pp. 107–108.

Ladislas Farago, The Game of the Foxes (New York: McKay, 1971), pp. 87–88.

Author’s archives.

10. A German General Spies on Himself

John R. Angolia, On the Field of Honor (San Jose, Calif.: Bender, 1979), p. 82.

F. W. Winterbotham, The Nazi Connection (New York: Harper & Row, 1978), pp. 196–197.

Albert Kesselring, A Soldiers Record (Novato, Calif.: Presidio, 1987), p. 65.

11. A Baseball Player’s Foresight

Author’s archives.

12. Tailing a Soviet Spy in England

Ladislas Farago, The Game of the Foxes (New York: McKay, 1971), pp. 98–99.

Anthony C. Brown, Bodyguard of Lies (New York: Harper & Row, 1975), p. 73.

Author’s archives.

Part Two—The Lights Go out in Europe

1. A Weird Hoax to Launch a War

William L. Shirer, The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1971), p. 4L

John W. Wheeler-Bennett, Nemesis of Power (New York: Macmillan, 1964), p. 446. Affìdavit signed by Alfred Naujocks at Nuremberg trials of war criminals, November 10, 1945. National Archives, Washington, D.C.

2. Most Secret: Defuse the Magnetic Mines

Eddy Bauer, ed., Illustrated Encyclopedia of World War II, vol. 1 (London: Marshall Cavendish, 1966), pp. 130–133.

Author’s archives.

Edwin P. Hoyt, The U-Boat Wars (New York: Arbor House, 1984), pp. 47–48.

3. Mystery Explosion in a Nazi Shrine

Herbert M. Mason Jr., To Kill the Devil (New York: Norton, 1978), pp. 85–86.

Walther Schellenberg, The Labyrinth (New York: Harper, 1956), p. 107.

André Brissaud, The Nazi Secret Service (New York: Norton, 1974), pp. 73, 256.

Author’s archives.

4. Goering Hires a Rainmaker

David Irving, The Rise and Fall of the Luftwaffe (Boston: Little, Brown, 1973), p. 83.

Willi A. Boelcke, ed., The Secret Conferences of Dr. Göbbels (New York: E. P. Dutton, 1970), p. 8.

5. Churchill’s Amazing Gamble

Eddy Bauer, ed., Illustrated Encyclopedia of World War II, vol. 7 (London: Marshall Cavendish, 1966), p. 878.

John W. Wheeler-Bennett, The Nemesis of Power (New York: Macmillan, 1954), pp. 25–26.

Field Marshal Alanbrooke, Diaries (Garden City, N.Y: Doubleday, 1955), pp. 98–99.

Reader’s Digest, November 1955.

Admiral Karl Doenitz, Memoirs (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1959), pp. 325, 341.

Winston S. Churchill, Their Finest Hour (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1949), pp. 43–44.

6. A Covert Weather War

History of the U.S. 21st Weather Reporting Squadron (Maxwell Air Force Base, Ala.: U.S. Air Force Historical Branch, 1948).

The U.S. Coast Guard in World War II (Washington, D.C: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1953), pp. 76–77, 91, 103.

Dwight D. Eisenhower, Crusade in Europe (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1948), pp. 240–41.

Anthony Cave Brown, Bodyguard of Lies (New York: Harper & Row, 1975), pp. 292, 294.

John M. Stagg, Forecast for Overlord (New York: Norton, 1972), pp. 186–187.

7. Masquerade on the High Seas

Eddy Bauer, ed., Illustrated Encyclopedia of World War II, vol. 6 (London: Marshall Cavendish, 1966), pp. 741–742.

New Zealand National Archives, Navy Intelligence Summaries, March 21–30, 1941.

Edwin T. Layton, Pearl Harbor and Midway (New York: Morrow, 1985), pp. 418–419.

Author’s archives.

John Campbell, ed., The Experience of World War II (London: Oxford University Press, 1989), p. 130.

8. Nazi Spies in the U.S. Capitol

Testimony transcript of Phyllis Spielman at trial of George Viereck, National Archives, Washington, D.C., June 1942.

Testimony of George Hill at trial of George Viereck, July 6, 1942.

New York Times, June 25, 1940.

Washington Post, June 27, 1940.

Leon Turrou, The Nazi Spy Conspiracy in America (Freeport, N.Y.: Books for Libraries Press, 1969), pp. 187, 206.

Author’s archives.

9. Two Tiny Tots Escape to England

Maria Wilhelm, For the Glory of France (New York: Messner, 1966), pp. 101–102.

Author’s archives.

10. The World’s Dumbest Spy

Wilhelm Hoettl, The Secret Front (New York: Praeger, 1954), p. 71.

Ladislas Farago, The Game of the Foxes (New York: McKay, 1971), pp. 235–236.

John W. Wheeler-Bennett, The Nemesis of Power (New York: Macmillan, 1954), p. 429.

Karl Bracher, The German Dictatorship (New York: Praeger, 1970), p. 419.

Anthony Cave Brown, Bodyguard of Lies (Harper & Row, 1975), p. 234.

Author’s archives.

OSS Report No. 2087, “An Introduction to the Irish Problem,” May 23, 1944, Modern Military Records, National Archives, Washington, D.C.

11. Global Celebrity a Secret Agent

Author’s archives.

12. A POW’s Wife Unlocks a Code

Paul Brickell, Search for the Sky (New York: Norton, 1954), p. 127.

Raymond F. Toliver and Trevor J. Constable, Fighter General (Zepher Cove, Nev.: AmPress, 1989), pp. 150–151.

Edward H. Sims, The Greatest Aces (New York: Harper & Row, 1967), p. 93.

P. R. Reid, Colditz (New York: St. Martin’s, 1984), pp. 167–168, 182.

Reinhold Eggers, Colditz Recaptured (London: Robert Hale, 1973), p. 158.

John Campbell, ed., The Experience of World War II (London: Oxford University Press, 1989), p. 122.

13. Canada’s Covert “Luxury Fleet”

Author’s archives.

14. One Airplane Infuriates the Führer

Charles Wighton and Günter Peis, Hitler’s Spies and Saboteurs (New York: Holt, 1958), pp. 212, 214.

David G. McCullough, ed., Picture History of World War II (New York: Crown, 1966), pp. 59, 74.

Anthony Cave Brown, Bodyguard of Lies (New York: Harper & Row, 1975), p. 36.

Author’s archives.

Part Three—Thrusts and Counterthrusts

1. A Cunning Forgery Pays Off

Author’s archives.

William Stevenson, A Man Called Intrepid (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1976), p. 268.

Don Whitehead, The FBI Story (New York: Random House, 1956), pp. 214–215.

2. Shopping for U.S. Secrets

American Mercury, December 1944.

Stanley E. Hilton, Hitler’s Secret War (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1981), p. 17.

Ladislas Farago, The Game of the Foxes (New York: McKay, 1971), p. 371.

Author’s archives.

Alan Hynd, Passport to Treason (New York: McBride, 1945), p. 91.

3. A Scientist on a Covert Mission

Nigel West, Encyclopedia of World War II (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1971), p. 123.

William Stevenson, A Man Called Intrepid (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1976), p. 143.

4. “Black Propaganda” Warriors

Winston S. Churchill, The Second World War, vol. 1 (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1948), p. 498.

M. R. D. Foot, SOE in France (London: Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, 1966), p. 12.

Author’s archives. Sefton Delmer, Black Boomerang (New York: Viking, 1962), pp. 15–16.

5. A Trojan Horse Hoax

Seymour Reit, Masquerade (New York: Hawthorne, 1978), pp. 52–53.

Ronald Wheatley, Operation Sea Lion (London: Cassell, 1959), pp. 161–162.

Author’s archives.

6. The Bulldog Bites the German Navy

Winston S. Churchill, The Second World War, vol. 2 (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1949), pp. 493–494.

Author’s archives.

Karl Doenitz, Memoirs (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1959), pp. 332, 341.

Anthony Cave Brown, Bodyguard of Lies (New York: Harper & Row, 1975), pp. 59–60.

7. Keeno, King of the Robots

Thomas Parrish, Roosevelt and Marshall (New York: Morrow, 1989), p. 201.

Edwin T. Layton, Pearl Harbor and Midway (New York: Morrow, 1985), pp. 107–108.

Al Blake, “Me Jap Agent—for Uncle Sam,” Official Detective Stories, February-June 1942.

“The Magic Background of Pearl Harbor,” Modern Military Records, National Archives (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Defense, 1977).

8. A German POW Makes History

Don Whitehead, The FBI Story (New York: Random House, 1956), pp. 239–240.

Author’s archives.

9. A Kamikaze Plan Against Pearl Harbor

C. L. Sulzberger, Picture History of World War II (New York: Crown, 1966), p. 146.

Gordon W. Prange, At Dawn We Slept (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1981), p. 21. Author’s archives.

10. Hijacking Mussolini’s Money

St. Louis Post-Dispatch, July 2, 1941.

Time, June 7, 1941.

Ladislas Farago, The Game of the Foxes (New York: McKay, 1971), pp. 306–307.

Author interview with former FBI Assistant Director W. Raymond Wannall, 1998.

Declassified FBI files, 1940–1945.

11. Hitler’s Doom Seen in the Stars

Author’s archives.

12. Abwehr Dupe: Vice President Wallace

Mark M. Boatner III, The Biographical Dictionary of World War II (Novato, Calif.: Presidio, 1996), p. 596.

Ladislas Farago, The Game of the Foxes (New York: McKay, 1971), pp. 346–347.

C. L. Sulzberger, Picture History of World War II (New York: Crown, 1966), p. 132.

Author’s archives.

13. The Nazis’ Most Unlikely Secret Agent

Michael Bar-Zohar, Arrows of the Almighty (New York: Macmillan, 1985), pp. 107, 234. Author’s archives.

Part Four—Conflict Spreads Around the World

1. A Batty Idea for Firebombing Tokyo

Bradley F. Smith, Shadow Warriors (London: Deutsch, 1983), pp. 102–103. Author’s archives.

2. The FBI Nabs a Honolulu “Sleeper”

Declassified FBI files, 1940–1941. National Archives, Washington, D.C.

Don Whitehead, The FBI Story (New York: Random House, 1956), pp. 190–192.

Record of Trial of Bernard Julius Otto Kuehn, Clerk of Court, U.S. Army Court of Military Records, Falls Church, Virginia, pp. 41–57, 111–114.

“Hearings Before the Joint Committee on the Investigation of the Pearl Harbor Attack, Congress of the United States,” Part 35, pp. 491–492.

Affidavit of Otto Kuehn, January 1, 1942. National Archives, Washington, D.C.

3. A French Counterfeit Traitor

Maria Wilhelm, For the Glory of France (New York: Messner, 1968), pp. 137–138.

Eddy Bauer, ed., Illustrated Encyclopedia of World War II, vol. 9 (London: Marshall Cavendish, 1966), pp. 1239–1240.

Patrick Beesly, Very Special Intelligence (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1972), p. 124.

Author’s archives.

4. Their Weapons Were Words

Author’s archives.

5. Peculiar Demise of a Captured Plane

Jerrard Tickel, Moon Squadron (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1958), pp. 43–45, 121–122.

Eddy Bauer, ed., Illustrated Encyclopedia of World War II, vol. 4 (London: Marshall Cavendish, 1966), pp. 758–759.

Author’s archives.

6. A Bishop in Disguise

Wilhelm Winterhager, Der Kreisauer Kreis (Mainz: Hase & Kohner Verlag, 1985), pp. 235–236.

7. The Mysterious Inspector Thompson

Nebur Gulbenkian, Pentaraxia (London: Hutchinson, 1965), pp. 97–99, 105.

R. V. Jones, Most Secret War (London: Collins, 1976), pp. 212–213.

Author’s archives. Airey Neave, Room 900 (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1970), pp. 152–153.

8. A Nazi Counterfeiting Plot

Secrets and Spies (Pleasantville, N.Y.: Reader’s Digest Association, 1964), pp. 507–508.

André Brissaud, The Nazi Secret Service (New York: Norton, 1974), p. 291.

Walther Schellenberg, The Labyrinth (New York: Harper, 1956), p. 297.

9. A Chance Meeting in a Café

Author interview with General Mark W. Clark, 1984.

Lucian K. Truscott Jr., Command Missions (New York: Harper, 1950), pp. 72–73.

Samuel Eliot Morison, The Two Ocean War (Boston: Little, Brown, 1961), pp. 127–128.

George F. Howe, Northwest Africa (Washington, D.C.: Chief of Military History, 1957), pp. 88–89.

American Legion Magazine, August 1946.

10. Hitler’s Evil Guardian Angel

John W. Wheeler-Bennett, The Nemesis of Power (New York: Macmillan, 1954), p. 403.

Harold C. Deutsch, The Conspiracy Against Hitler (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1954), p. 372.

International Military Tribunal, vol. 31, T-175. National Archives, Washington, D.C.

John R. Angolia, On the Field of Honor, vol. 2 (San Jose, Calif.: Bender, 1979), p. 232.

Peter Hoffman, The History of German Resistance (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1977), pp. 136–137.

11. Roosevelt’s Guest a Nazi Spy

Foreign Relations of the United States, The Conference at Washington and Casablanca, II (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1968), pp. 506, 508.

George S. Patton Jr., War As I Knew It (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1947), pp. 11–12.

Charles Wighton and Günter Peis, Hitler’s Spies and Saboteurs (New York: Holt, 1958), pp. 15–16.

Author’s archives.

12. Ruse in a Berlin Brothel

Walther Schellenberg, The Labyrinth (New York: Harper, 1956), p. 107.

Eddy Bauer, ed., Illustrated Encyclopedia of World War II, vol. 1 (London: Marshall Cavendish, 1966), p. 54.

Galeazzo Ciano, The Ciano Diaries, ed. Hugh Gibson (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1946), pp. 123, 126.

André Brissaud, The Nazi Secret Service (New York: W. W. Norton, 1974), p. 26.

13. A Spy Spies on the Spymaster

Walther Schellenberg, The Schellenberg Memoirs (New York: Harper, 1956), p. 137.

Pierre Accoce and Pierre Quet, A Man Called Lucy (New York: Coward-McCann, 1966), p. 193.

Author’s archives.

Part Five: The Tide Turns

1. A Female Resistant Tricks the Gestapo

Author’s archives.

2. An Owner Blows Up His Factory

Author’s archives.

3. A Plan to Bomb the United States

Ronald H. Bailey, The Air War in Europe (Alexandria, Va: Time-Life Books, 1981), p. 328.

Alfred Price, Luftwaffe (New York: Ballantine, 1969), pp. 267–268.

4. The Princes and Seven Thousand Danish Jews

Anthony Cave Brown, Bodyguard of Lies (New York: Harper & Row, 1975), pp. 413, 518.

Illustrated Story of World War II (Pleasantville, N.Y.: Reader’s Digest Association, 1969), p. 72.

Author’s archives.

5. Eisenhower’s Secret Weapon

Richard Collier, Ten Thousand Eyes (New York: Dutton, 1958), pp. 138, 205.

William Casey, The Secret War Against Hitler (Washington, D.C.: Regnery Gateway, 1988), pp. 29–30.

“London Secret Intelligence Files,” 1942–1945. National Archives, Washington, D.C.

6. A Call for Nazi Suicide Pilots

Charles Foley, Commando Extraordinary (Costa Mesa, Calif.: Noontide Press, 1988), p. 103.

John R. Angolia, On the Field of Honor (San Jose, Calif.: Bender, 1979), p. 32.

Hana Reitsch, Flying Is My Life (New York: Putnam, 1954), p. 212.

7. A Plot to Murder Two Allied Generals

Before his death in 1984, General Mark Clark told the author that he had been aware of the Gestapo hit squad, but added: “I was so busy trying to keep us from getting kicked off the Anzio beachhead that I had no time to dwell on who may have been trying to do me in.”

Author’s archives.

8. Hitler Warned by a Female Spy

General Dwight D. Eisenhower letter to General Brehon B. Somervell, April 4, 1944.

Eisenhower Library, Abilene, Kansas.

Author’s archives.

9. An Alarming Breach of Security

Norman Longmate, How We Lived Then (London: Hutchinson, 1970), p. 95.

Anthony Cave Brown, Bodyguard of Lies (Harper & Row, 1975), p. 599.

New York Times, March 27, 1944.

Ralph Ingersoll, Top Secret (New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1946), pp. 103–04. Author’s archives.

Ladislas Farago, The Game of the Foxes (New York: McKay, 1971), pp. 548–549.

Eisenhower Foundation, D-Day: The Normandy Invasion in Retrospect (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1971), pp. 170–171.

10. The Wizard and the Mushroom Man

David Irving, The Mare’s Nest (London: Kimber, 1964), p. 236.

Office of Air Chief of Staff, Intelligence, Impact. U.S. Department of War, September 1944.

Author’s archives.

11. Warning: Your Submarine May Explode

Author interview with Mrs. Helge Janson, the American wife of the Swedish consul in Japanese-held Manila during the war, 1990. She and her husband were friends of Commander Charles Parsons.

Courtney Whitney, MacArthur (New York: Knopf, 1956), pp. 144–145.

Ira Wolfert, American Guerrilla in the Philippines (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1945), pp. 56–57.

Author’s archives.

12. A Puzzling Episode in Normandy

R. G. Rupenthal, report, “Utah Beach to Cherbourg,” 1947, Office of Chief of Military History, Washington, D.C.

Drew Middleton, “The War as Rommel Fought It,” New York Times book review, May 17, 1953.

Report of Transfer of German Nurses, September 21, 1944, Hoover Institution of War, Revolution, and Peace, Stanford, Calif.

Dr. Walter Bargatzky, “Personal Recollections,” Hoover Institution, October 20, 1945.

Author’s archives.

13. A Poison “Treatment” for Hitler

John Toland, Adolf Hitler (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Anchor Books, 1976), pp. 814, 827.

Author’s archives.

14. Belgian Resistants Steal a Locomotive

Author’s archives.

15. A German General Cuts a Strange Deal

Author’s archives.

Part Six—Allied March to Victory

1. The Armée Secrète Saves Antwerp

SHAEF, G-2 Report, ETO Tactical Situation, August 23, 1944, National Archives, Washington, D.C.

Forest Pogue, The Supreme Command (Washington, D.C: Office of the Chief of Military History, 1954), pp. 263–264.

Dwight D. Eisenhower, Crusade in Europe (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1948), pp. 290–291.

J. L. Moulton, Battle for Antwerp (New York: Hippocrene, 1978), pp. 24, 43.

2. Machinations at a Dutch Hotel

Author interview with Colonel Barney Oldfield, USAF (Ret.), who had been staying at the Hôtel du Lévrier at the time the three Dutch detectives arrived, 1997.

Author’s archives.

3. “Gift-Wrapping” a Kidnap Victim

Author’s archives.

4. An Ingenious German Deception Plan

Author’s archives.

5. Spies Swarm into the Third Reich

Allen W. Dulles, The Craft of Intelligence (New York: Harper & Row, 1963), pp. 214–215.

William Casey, The Secret War Against Hitler (Washington, D.C: Regnery Gateway, 1988), pp. 187, 198.

Joseph E. Persico, Piercing the Reich (New York: Viking, 1979), pp. 322–323.

Dwight D. Eisenhower, Crusade in Europe (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1948), pp. 404–405.

Author’s archives.

6. Blasting Doomed Resistants to Freedom

G. L. Sulzberger, Picture History of World War II (New York: Crown, 1966), p. 557.

Anthony Cave Brown, Bodyguard of Lies (New York: Harper & Row, 1975), pp. 413, 416.

William Stevenson, A Man Called Intrepid (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1976), pp. 452–453.

7. The Plot to Surrender a Nazi Army

Saturday Evening Post, September 22 and 29, 1945.

Tempo magazine (Milan), February 24, 1951.

F. W. Deakin, The Brutal Friendship (New York: Harper & Row, 1962), pp. 178, 196.

Author’s archives.

8. A Covert Plan to Seize Berlin

Author interview with Lieutenant General James M. Gavin (Ret.), April 1988.

Author interview with Colonel Barney Oldfield (Ret.), June 1993.

James P. O’Donnell, The Bunker (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1978), pp. 91–92.

Chester Wilmot, The Struggle for Europe (London: Fontana, 1959), p. 690.

9. Urgent: Pilfer One Hundred Huge Missiles

Report by Major William Bromley, “Evacuation of V-2 Missiles from Nordhausen, Germany,” July 7, 1945. U.S. Army Military History Institute, Carlisle Barracks, Pa.

Author correspondence with Colonel William A. Castille (Ret.), 1992.

Author interview with Colonel Andrew Barr (Ret.), 1991.