Index

A

• Abnormal motor behavior, 257–258
• Abuse of substances. See Substance-related and addictive disorders
• ACA Code of Ethics
  • on accessing care, 40
  • on assessment instruments, 13
  • on competence and professional responsibility, 130, 217, 220, 301
  • on diagnosis, 2, 5, 296
  • on duty to warn, 176
  • on mandated reporting, 109, 110, 176, 216, 217
  • on refusal to diagnose, 322
• Accreditation standards, 2
• ACT (assertive community treatment), 261–262
• Acute stress disorder, 106, 119–122
• ADAA (Anxiety and Depression Association of America), 33, 34
• Addiction, 149–150. See also Substance-related and addictive disorders
• ADHD (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder), 170, 236, 240–241, 247–249
• Adjustment disorders, 106–107, 122–124
• Adolescents. See Children and adolescents
• African Americans
  • anxiety disorders, 74, 78, 82
  • bipolar disorder, 56
  • depressive disorders, 34, 40, 41, 42
  • gambling disorder, 161
  • pyromania, 176
  • tobacco use, 160
• Aggarwal, K. K., 325
• Aging populations. See Elderly populations
• Agoraphobia, 21, 75, 80–81
• Agrawal, A., 157
• Ahmed, A. O., 173
• Alaska Natives. See Native Americans/Alaska Natives
• Alcohol-related disorders, 152, 153, 157
• ALGBTIC (Association of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Issues in Counseling), 133
• Algolagnic disorders, 215
• Ali, R., 279
• Amenorrhea, 189
• American Counseling Association, role in DSM-5 revision process, 4–5. See also ACA Code of Ethics
• American Psychiatric Association. See Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
• American Psychological Association, role in DSM-5 revision process, 4
• American Society of Addictive Medicine (ASAM), 149
• Ammaniti, M., 182
• Amnesia, dissociative, 269–270, 271, 273
• Amphetamines, 159
• Androgen insensitivity syndrome, 128
• Anejaculation, 208–209
• Anorexia nervosa, 180, 188–191
• Antagonism, 311
• Antidepressants, 214, 280
• Antipsychotics, 261
• Antisocial personality disorder (ASPD), 166, 174, 175, 299–300
• Anxiety, defined, 69
• Anxiety and Depression Association of America (ADAA), 33, 34
• Anxiety disorders, 69–85
  • agoraphobia, 21, 75, 80–81
  • case examples, 77–78, 81, 82–83
  • in children and adolescents, 72, 73, 76
  • coding, recording, and specifiers, 73, 74–75, 77, 79–80, 82, 84, 85
  • comorbidity with depressive disorders, 33, 34, 69, 70
  • counseling implications, 71
  • diagnostic changes, 21, 70
  • differential diagnosis, 70, 72–74, 75, 76–77, 78–80, 82, 84–85
  • dimensional assessment of, 18
  • due to another medical condition, 84–85
  • etiology and treatment, 70–71
  • gender differences in, 78, 79, 80
  • generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), 34, 72, 81–83
  • other specified and unspecified, 85
  • panic attacks, 21, 79–80, 115
  • panic disorder, 21, 72, 75, 78–79
  • racial differences in, 74, 76, 78, 82
  • selective mutism, 73–74, 76
  • separation anxiety disorder, 71–73
  • social anxiety disorder, 72, 75–78
  • specific phobias, 74–75
  • structural changes to classification of, 14
  • substance/medication-induced, 83–84
  • suicide risk and, 71
• Anxiolytic-related disorders, 155, 159
• Apneas, 202
• ASAM (American Society of Addictive Medicine), 149
• ASD. See Autism spectrum disorder
• Asian Americans/Pacific Islanders
  • alcohol-related disorders, 157
  • anxiety disorders, 74, 82
  • depressive disorders, 40, 41
• ASPD. See Antisocial personality disorder
• Asperger's disorder. See Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)
• Assertive community treatment (ACT), 261–262
• Assessment. See also specific assessment tools
  • of anxiety disorders, 18
  • cross-cutting assessment, 19–20, 323
  • of depressive disorders, 18, 34
  • philosophical changes in, 17–19, 236, 258, 308–309
  • practice implications and, 323–325
  • of suicide risk, 18
• Association of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Issues in Counseling (ALGBTIC), 133
• Ataque de nervios (attack of nerves), 78, 114
• Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. See ADHD
• Attenuated psychosis syndrome, 21, 259
• Atypical antipsychotics, 261
• Auditory hallucinations, 257
• Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), 20, 236, 240, 241, 244–247
• Aversion therapies, 216, 222, 223
• Avoidant personality disorder, 304–305
• Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder, 187–188
• Ayçiçegi, A., 297–298

B

• Badenoch, B., 319
• Bajenaru, O., 251
• Balleur-van Rijn, A., 131
• Baur, K., 132
• BDD. See Body dysmorphic disorder
• Bed-wetting, 196, 197–198
• Beech, A. R., 217, 219, 223
• Behavioral disruptions, 179–224
  • elimination disorders, 196–199
  • feeding and eating disorders, 179–196. See also Feeding and eating disorders
  • paraphilic disorders, 214–224. See also Paraphilic disorders
  • sexual dysfunctions, 205–214. See also Sexual dysfunctions
  • sleep-wake disorders, 199–205. See also Sleep-wake disorders
• Behavior therapy
  • anxiety disorders, 71
  • elimination disorders, 197
  • feeding and eating disorders, 185
  • gambling disorder, 162
  • neurodevelopmental disorders, 241
  • obsessive-compulsive disorders, 99, 100
  • paraphilic disorders, 216, 217, 219, 220, 222, 223
  • pyromania, 176
• Bender, D., 308
• Bereavement exclusion criterion, 20, 32, 33, 39
• Binge-eating disorder, 21, 180, 194–196
• Biobehavioral developmental perspective, 151
• Bioecological approach, 16–17
• Bioler, M., 325
• Biopsychosocial approach, 10
• Biosocial Development Model, 301
• Bipolar, defined, 53
• Bipolar and related disorders, 53–67
  • bipolar I disorder, 55–58
  • bipolar II disorder, 58–61
  • case examples, 57–58, 60–61
  • in children and adolescents, 20, 35, 36, 53
  • coding, recording, and specifiers, 50, 57, 60, 62, 63, 64, 65–67
  • counseling implications, 54–55
  • cultural considerations, 56, 59–60, 62
  • cyclothymic disorder, 61–62
  • diagnostic changes, 21, 33, 53–54
  • differential diagnosis, 54, 56–57, 60, 62, 63, 64
  • due to another medical condition, 63–64
  • etiology and treatment, 54, 56, 59
  • gender differences in, 56, 59
  • other specified and unspecified, 64–65
  • racial differences in, 56
  • socioeconomic status and, 56
  • substance/medication-induced, 63
  • suicide risk and, 53, 55, 59
• Blanco, C., 279–280
• Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), 21, 89, 93–95
• Body-focused repetitive behavior disorder, 104
• Body mass index (BMI), 189, 190, 191
• Borderline personality disorder, 300–302
• Braun, S. A., 322
• Breathing-related sleep disorders, 202–203
• Brief psychotic disorder, 263–264
• Brown, A., 190
• Brown, R. J., 282
• Bulimia nervosa, 180, 191–194

C

• CACREP (Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs), 2
• Caffeine-related disorders, 153, 157
• Caldwell-Harris, C. L., 297–298
• Cambodian sickness, 114
• Cannabis-related disorders, 154, 157–158
• Carey, M. P., 205
• Catatonia, 51, 259, 267
• Categorical assessment, 17–19
• Caucasian Americans
  • anxiety disorders, 74, 76, 78, 82
  • bipolar disorder, 56
  • depressive disorders, 41
  • kleptomania, 178
  • pyromania, 176
• CBT. See Cognitive behavior therapy
• CD. See Conduct disorder
• Central sleep apnea, 202–203
• CFI (Cultural Formulation Interview), 12, 324–325
• Chapman, S., 280
• Childhood disintegrative disorder. See Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)
• Childhood-onset fluency disorder, 20, 236, 243–244
• Children and adolescents. See also Neurodevelopmental disorders
  • anxiety disorders, 72, 73, 76
  • autism. See Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)
  • bipolar and related disorders, 20, 35, 36, 53
  • depressive disorders, 20, 35–37
  • disruptive, impulse-control, and conduct disorders, 166, 171, 174, 176
  • dissociative disorders, 272
  • elimination disorders, 196–198, 199
  • feeding and eating disorders, 179–180, 182, 186, 187–188
  • gender dysphoria, 126–128, 129, 131
  • obsessive-compulsive and related disorders, 89, 91, 99, 103
  • sleep-wake disorders, 203, 204
  • substance-related disorders, 158
  • trauma- and stressor-related disorders, 106, 108–111, 113, 117–119, 121, 123
• Cigarettes, 156, 159–160
• Cimino, S., 182
• Circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders, 204
• Clients, implications of DSM-5 for, 22–23
• Clinical judgment, 15
• Clinical Research Center for Schizophrenia and Psychiatric Rehabilitation (University of California), 261
• Clinician-Rated Dimensions of Psychosis Symptom Severity (CRDPSS), 258, 259, 260, 323
• Clinician-Rated Severity of Oppositional Defiant Disorder, 324
• Cocaine, 159
• Coccaro, E. F., 173
• Coding, recording, and specifiers, 205. See also International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD)
  • anxiety disorders, 73, 74–75, 77, 79–80, 82, 84, 85
  • bipolar and related disorders, 50, 57, 60, 62, 63, 64, 65–67
  • depressive disorders, 36, 41, 43, 45, 48, 49–51
  • disruptive, impulse-control, and conduct disorders, 172, 173, 175, 177, 178
  • DSM-5 implementation and, 320–321
  • elimination disorders, 198, 199
  • feeding and eating disorders, 185–186, 187, 188, 190–191, 193, 195
  • gender dysphoria, 133
  • neurocognitive disorders, 253, 254, 255t
  • neurodevelopmental disorders, 242, 246–247, 248, 249, 250–251
  • nonaxial reporting options, 321–323
  • obsessive-compulsive and related disorders, 92, 94, 96, 99, 101, 102, 103
  • paraphilic disorders, 218, 219, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224
  • practice implications on, 320–323
  • sexual dysfunctions, 207–208
  • sleep-wake disorders, 201, 202, 205
  • substance-related and addictive disorders, 150, 151, 153–156, 162
  • trauma- and stressor-related disorders, 109, 110, 115, 122, 124
• Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT)
  • anxiety disorders and, 71
  • bipolar disorders and, 54, 56, 59
  • depressive disorders and, 34
  • disruptive, impulse-control, and conduct disorders and, 168, 169
  • feeding and eating disorders and, 183, 185, 187, 190, 192, 194
  • gambling disorder and, 162
  • kleptomania and, 178
  • neurodevelopmental disorders and, 241
  • obsessive-compulsive disorders and, 89, 99
  • paraphilic disorders and, 216, 217, 219, 220, 222, 223
  • personality disorders and, 297, 299, 302, 306
  • pyromania and, 176
  • schizophrenia spectrum disorders and, 261
  • sleep-wake disorders and, 201
  • somatic symptom disorders and, 279–280
• Cognitive disorders. See Neurocognitive disorders
• Cognitive remediation therapy, 190
• Cohen, J. A., 109
• Collectivism, 72, 297–298, 305
• Comer, R. J., 56, 197
• Communication disorders, 20, 236, 241, 242–244
• Comorbidity. See also Differential diagnosis
  • anxiety and depressive disorders, 33, 34, 69, 70
  • categorical diagnosis and, 18
  • OCD and Tourette's syndrome, 89
  • personality disorders and, 296, 297, 299, 300
• Compensatory behaviors, 181, 191, 192
• Competencies for Counseling Transgendered Clients (ALGBTIC), 133
• Complex PTSD, 113
• Compton, W. M., 150–151, 156
• Compulsions. See Obsessive-compulsive and related disorders
• Conduct disorder (CD), 166, 167, 173–175. See also Disruptive, impulse-control, and conduct disorders
• Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, 128
• Conversion disorder, 281–282
• Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs (CACREP), 2
• Counseling. See also ACA Code of Ethics; Practice implications; specific therapy techniques
  • anxiety disorders, 71
  • bipolar and related disorders, 54–55
  • defined, 2
  • depressive disorders, 34–35
  • disruptive, impulse-control, and conduct disorders, 169–170
  • dissociative disorders, 272–273
  • elimination disorders, 197
  • feeding and eating disorders, 183–184
  • gender dysphoria, 132–133
  • medical information recorded in, 13
  • neurocognitive disorders, 252
  • neurodevelopmental disorders, 241
  • obsessive-compulsive and related disorders, 89–90
  • paraphilic disorders, implications for, 216
  • reporting mandates, 109, 110, 176, 216, 217
  • schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders, 262
  • somatic symptom and related disorders, 280
  • substance-related and addictive disorders, 156–157, 162–163
  • trauma- and stressor-related disorders, 107–108
  • wellness approach, 11
• Cox, J. A., 322
• Craske, M. G., 70
• Cravings, 152, 156–157
• CRDPSS. See Clinician-Rated Dimensions of Psychosis Symptom Severity
• Crooks, R., 132
• Cross-cutting assessment, 19–20, 323
• Cross-dressing, 223–224
• Cultural considerations. See also Gender differences; Racial and ethnic differences; specific racial and ethnic groups
  • bipolar and related disorders, 56, 59–60, 62
  • depressive disorders, 36, 40–41, 42, 45, 48–49
  • disruptive, impulse-control, and conduct disorders, 176
  • feeding and eating disorders, 182–183, 185, 188, 190, 192, 194–195
  • gambling disorder, 161
  • gender dysphoria, 130
  • obsessive-compulsive and related disorders, 91, 94, 96, 100, 103
  • personality disorders, 295–296, 297–298, 302, 304–305, 306
  • sexual dysfunctions, 210, 211, 213
  • structural changes in, 12, 21
  • trauma- and stressor-related disorders, 109, 110, 114–115, 121, 123
• Cultural explanation or perceived cause, 12, 21
• Cultural Formulation Interview (CFI), 12, 324–325
• Cultural idioms of distress, 12, 21
• Cultural syndromes, 12, 21
• Cunningham, J., 45
• Cyclothymic disorder, 61–62

D

• Das, A. K., 54
• Dawson, D. A., 151
• DBT. See Dialectical behavior therapy
• Delayed ejaculation, 208–209
• Delayed expression, 113, 115, 117, 118
• Delirium, 252–253
• Delsignore, A., 130
• Delusional disorder, 263
• Delusions, 257, 259
• Dementia. See Major neurocognitive disorder
• Dependence on substances. See Substance-related and addictive disorders
• Dependent personality disorder, 305–306
• Depersonalization, 113, 115, 117, 118, 269, 274
• Depersonalization/derealization disorder, 236, 271, 274
• Depression, defined, 33
• Depressive disorders, 33–51
  • assessment of, 18, 34
  • case examples, 37–38, 43–44, 46–47
  • in children and adolescents, 20, 35–37
  • coding, recording, and specifiers, 36, 41, 43, 45, 48, 49–51
  • comorbidity with anxiety disorders, 33, 34, 69, 70
  • counseling implications, 34–35
  • cultural considerations, 36, 40–41, 42, 45, 48–49
  • diagnostic changes, 20–21, 32, 33–34
  • differential diagnosis, 34, 36, 41, 42–43, 45, 47, 49
  • disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD), 20, 33, 35–38
  • due to another medical condition, 48–49
  • in elderly populations, 40
  • etiology and treatment, 34
  • gender differences in, 34, 40
  • major depressive disorder (MDD), 33, 34, 38–41, 50, 51
  • other specified and unspecified, 49
  • persistent depressive disorder (PDD), 33, 41–44, 50
  • premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), 20, 33, 44–47
  • racial differences in, 34, 40–41, 42
  • substance/medication-induced, 47–48
  • suicide risk and, 40
• Derealization, 113, 115, 117, 118, 269, 274. See also Depersonalization/derealization disorder
• DeSilva, R., 325
• Detachment, 311
• Developmental coordination disorder, 249–250
• Dextroamphetamines, 159
• Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (1st ed.; DSM-I), 9, 17
• Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (2nd ed.; DSM-II), 9–10, 17
• Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (3rd ed.; DSM-III and DSM-III-R), 10, 17, 19
• Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; DSM-IV and DSM-IV-TR), 10–11, 17, 19
• Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM-5)
  • anxiety disorders, 69–85. See also Anxiety disorders
  • behavioral disruptions, 179–224. See also Behavioral disruptions
  • bipolar and related disorders, 53–67. See also Bipolar and related disorders
  • controversy surrounding, 2
  • depressive disorders, 33–51. See also Depressive disorders
  • diagnostic changes in, 20–21
  • disruptive, impulse-control, and conduct disorders, 165–178. See also Disruptive, impulse-control, and conduct disorders
  • dissociative disorders, 269–275. See also Dissociative disorders
  • future of, 24, 325–326
  • gender dysphoria, 125–134. See also Gender dysphoria
  • history of, 9–11
  • implications of, 22–23. See also Practice implications
  • neurodevelopmental and neurocognitive disorders, 239–256. See also Neurocognitive disorders; Neurodevelopmental disorders
  • obsessive-compulsive and related disorders, 87–104. See also Obsessive-compulsive and related disorders
  • personality disorders, 293–315. See also Personality disorders
  • philosophical changes in, 16–20
  • revision process, 3–5
  • schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders, 257–268. See also Schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders
  • somatic symptom and related disorders, 179–224. See also Somatic symptom and related disorders
  • structural changes in, 11–15
  • substance-related and addictive disorders, 149–163. See also Substance-related and addictive disorders
  • trauma- and stressor-related disorders, 105–124. See also Trauma- and stressor-related disorders
• Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT)
  • disruptive, impulse-control, and conduct disorders and, 169
  • feeding and eating disorders and, 183, 192
  • personality disorders and, 301
• Diamond, D., 303
• Diaz, S. F., 94
• DID. See Dissociative identity disorder
• Differential diagnosis. See also Comorbidity
  • anxiety disorders, 70, 72–74, 75, 76–77, 78–80, 82, 84–85
  • bipolar and related disorders, 54, 56–57, 60, 62, 63, 64
  • depressive disorders, 34, 36, 41, 42–43, 45, 47, 49
  • disruptive, impulse-control, and conduct disorders, 167–168, 172, 173, 175, 176–177, 178
  • dissociative disorders, 270–271
  • elimination disorders, 196, 198, 199
  • feeding and eating disorders, 181–182, 185, 187, 188, 190, 192–193, 195
  • gambling disorder, 161
  • gender dysphoria, 130–131
  • neurocognitive disorders, 253, 254
  • neurodevelopmental disorders, 242, 243, 244, 246, 248, 249, 250
  • obsessive-compulsive and related disorders, 88–89, 91, 94, 96, 99, 100–101
  • paraphilic disorders, 215, 217–218, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224
  • personality disorders, 298, 301–302, 303, 304, 305, 306, 307
  • schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders, 259–260
  • sexual dysfunctions, 209–210, 211, 212, 213, 214
  • somatic symptom and related disorders, 278–279
  • trauma- and stressor-related disorders, 107, 109, 110, 115, 121–122, 124
• Dimensional assessment, 17–19, 236, 258, 308–309
• Dimsdale, J. E., 281
• Disinhibited social engagement disorder (DSED), 106, 109–111
• Disinhibition, 311
• Disorganized motor behavior, 257–258
• Disorganized thinking, 257
• Disruptive, impulse-control, and conduct disorders, 165–178
  • in children and adolescents, 166, 171, 174, 176
  • coding, recording, and specifiers, 172, 173, 175, 177, 178
  • conduct disorder (CD), 166, 167, 173–175
  • counseling implications, 169–170
  • cultural considerations, 176
  • diagnostic changes, 166–167
  • differential diagnosis, 167–168, 172, 173, 175, 176–177, 178
  • essential features of, 165–166
  • etiology and treatment, 168–169
  • gender differences in, 166, 174, 176, 177, 178
  • intermittent explosive disorder (IED), 167, 172–173
  • kleptomania, 166, 169, 177–178
  • oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), 37, 166, 167, 170–172
  • pyromania, 166, 169, 175–177
  • racial differences in, 176
• Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD), 20, 33, 35–38
• Dissocial personality disorder. See Antisocial personality disorder (ASPD)
• Dissociative amnesia, 269–270, 271, 273
• Dissociative disorders, 269–275
  • case example, 274–275
  • in children and adolescents, 272
  • counseling implications, 272–273
  • depersonalization/derealization disorder, 236, 271, 274
  • diagnostic changes, 270
  • differential diagnosis, 270–271
  • dissociative amnesia, 269–270, 271, 273
  • dissociative fugue, 273
  • dissociative identity disorder (DID), 236, 270, 271, 272, 273
  • essential features of, 269–270
  • etiology and treatment, 271–272
• Dissociative fugue, 273
• Dissociative identity disorder (DID), 236, 270, 271, 272, 273
• DMDD. See Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder
• D'Olimpio, F., 182
• Downcoding, 322
• Drug-related and addictive disorders, 149–163. See also Substance-related and addictive disorders
• DSED (disinhibited social engagement disorder), 106, 109–111
• DSM. See Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
• Dysthymic disorder. See Persistent depressive disorder (PDD)

E

• Early ejaculation, 213–214
• Eating disorders. See Feeding and eating disorders
• Eaton, W. W., 18
• ED (erectile disorder), 209–210
• Elderly populations
  • depressive disorders, 40
  • obsessive-compulsive and related disorders, 95
  • sexual dysfunctions, 209
  • sleep-wake disorders, 201, 202
• Elimination disorders, 196–199
• Empathy training, 219
• Empirically based treatments, 10
• Encopresis, 196–197, 199
• Enuresis, 196, 197–198
• Equit, M., 188
• Erectile disorder (ED), 209–210
• Eriksen, K., 318
• ERP (exposure and response prevention), 89
• Ethical guidelines. See ACA Code of Ethics
• Ethnic differences. See Racial and ethnic differences; specific racial and ethnic groups
• Etiology and treatment. See also Counseling; specific therapy techniques
  • anxiety disorders, 70–71
  • bipolar and related disorders, 54, 56, 59
  • depressive disorders, 34
  • disruptive, impulse-control, and conduct disorders, 168–169
  • dissociative disorders, 271–272
  • elimination disorders, 196–197
  • feeding and eating disorders, 182–183
  • gender dysphoria, 131–132
  • neurocognitive disorders, 252
  • obsessive-compulsive and related disorders, 89, 99
  • paraphilic disorders, 215–216
  • schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders, 260–262
  • somatic symptom and related disorders, 279–280
  • trauma- and stressor-related disorders, 107
• Excoriation disorder, 21, 89, 99–101
• Exhibitionistic disorder, 218–219
• Exposure and response prevention (ERP), 89
• Expressive language disorders, 20
• Eyberg, S. M., 169

F

• Factitious disorder, 282–283
• Family-focused therapy
  • bipolar disorders, 54, 56, 59
  • disruptive, impulse-control, and conduct disorders, 169
  • feeding and eating disorders, 190
  • gender dysphoria, 132
• Farrington D. P., 174
• Fava, G. A., 282
• Fear, defined, 69
• Feeding and eating disorders, 179–196
  • anorexia nervosa, 180, 188–191
  • avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder, 187–188
  • binge-eating disorder, 21, 180, 194–196
  • bulimia nervosa, 180, 191–194
  • case examples, 191, 193–194, 195–196
  • in children and adolescents, 179–180, 182, 186, 187–188
  • coding, recording, and specifiers, 185–186, 187, 188, 190–191, 193, 195
  • compensatory behaviors and, 181, 191, 192
  • counseling implications, 183–184
  • cultural considerations, 182–183, 185, 188, 190, 192, 194–195
  • diagnostic changes, 21, 179, 181
  • differential diagnosis, 181–182, 185, 187, 188, 190, 192–193, 195
  • essential features of, 179–181
  • etiology and treatment, 182–183
  • gender differences in, 180
  • pica, 184–186
  • rumination disorder, 186–187
• Female orgasmic disorder, 210
• Females. See Gender differences; Women
• Female sexual interest/arousal disorder, 211
• Fetishistic disorder, 223
• Fichter, M. M., 189
• Fire setting. See Pyromania
• First, M., 19, 317
• Five-Factor Model (FFM) of personality functioning, 311
• Fluoxetine, 280
• fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging), 152
• Fombonne, E., 244
• Food aversion techniques, 185
• Foote, B., 272, 273
• Ford, S. J. W., 318
• Foster, J. D., 304
• Frances, A., 280
• Friedman, M. J., 70
• Frotteuristic disorder, 220–221
• Fryer, C., 73
• Fuerth, K. M., 318
• Fugl-Meyer, A., 211
• Fugl-Meyer, K., 211
• Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), 152
• Functional neurological symptom disorder, 281–282

G

• GAD. See Generalized anxiety disorder
• Gaebel, W., 266
• GAF scale. See Global Assessment of Functioning scale
• Gambling disorder, 21, 151, 161–163, 165
• Gender, defined, 128
• Gender bias, 296, 297
• Gender differences. See also Men; Women
  • anxiety disorders, 78, 79, 80
  • bipolar disorder, 56, 59
  • depressive disorders, 34, 40
  • in disease prevalence, 48
  • disruptive, impulse-control, and conduct disorders, 166, 174, 176, 177, 178
  • elimination disorders, 198, 199
  • feeding and eating disorders, 180
  • neurodevelopmental disorders, 249
  • obsessive-compulsive and related disorders, 91, 94
  • paraphilic disorders, 216
  • personality disorders, 295–296, 299, 300, 301, 304, 307
  • sleep-wake disorders, 200, 205
  • in socialization, 125
  • somatic symptom and related disorders and, 281, 282
  • substance-related and addictive disorders, 157, 159, 161
  • trauma- and stressor-related disorders, 106
• Gender dysphoria, 125–134
  • case examples, 133–134
  • in children and adolescents, 126–128, 129, 131
  • coding, recording, and specifiers, 133
  • counseling implications, 132–133
  • cultural considerations, 125, 130
  • defined, 128
  • diagnostic changes and criteria, 21, 126–128
  • differential diagnosis, 130–131
  • essential features of, 128–130
  • etiology and treatment, 131–132
  • special considerations, 129–130
• Gender identity, defined, 128
• Gender transition, defined, 128
• Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), 34, 72, 81–83
• Genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder, 211–212
• Gepper, C., 73
• Girdler, S. S., 45
• Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scale, 12, 13, 324
• Global developmental delay, 242
• Goldstein, R. B., 151
• Grant, B. F., 151
• Grief exclusion criterion, 20, 32, 33, 39
• Gustatory hallucinations, 257

H

• Hair-pulling disorder. See Trichotillomania
• Hallucinations, 257
• Hallucinogen-related disorders, 154, 158
• Harkins, L., 217, 219, 223
• Hassan, I., 279
• Health and Human Services Department, U.S., 15, 320
• Hennen, J., 216
• Hepp, U., 130
• HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996), 6, 11
• Hispanics. See Latinos/Latinas
• Histrionic personality disorder, 302–303
• Hoarding disorder, 21, 89, 92, 95–98
• Hoffman, R. M., 318
• Hoffmann, N. G., 159
• Hollifield, M., 73
• Horan, W. P., 265
• Hsu, L., 76
• Hurwitz, T. A., 280
• Hypersomnolence disorder, 201–202
• Hypnotic-related disorders, 155, 159
• Hypomanic episodes, 54, 58, 62. See also Bipolar and related disorders
• Hypopneas, 202

I

• ICD. See International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems
• Identity alteration, 270
• Identity confusion, 270
• IED (intermittent explosive disorder), 167, 172–173
• Illness anxiety disorder, 281
• Impulse-control disorders. See Disruptive, impulse-control, and conduct disorders
• Income. See Socioeconomic status
• Individualism, 297–298, 304, 306
• Inhalant-related disorders, 154, 158
• Inhibited ejaculation, 208–209
• Insomnia disorder, 200–201
• Intellectual disability, 20, 236, 241–242
• Intermittent explosive disorder (IED), 167, 172–173
• International Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Foundation (IOCDF), 89
• International Society for the Study of Trauma and Dissociation (ISSTD), 269–270, 271, 272, 274
• International Society of Sexual Medicine, 213
• International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD). See also Coding, recording, and specifiers
  • blank spaces in codes, 38
  • codes included in DSM-5, 11, 15, 321
  • GAF scale used in, 13
  • ICD-10-CM implementation, 11, 13, 320
  • mental disorders, inclusion of, 9
  • uses of, 16
• Internet gaming disorder, 21, 151, 163
• Interpersonal therapy (IPT)
  • bipolar and related disorders, 54, 56, 59
  • depressive disorders, 34
  • feeding and eating disorders, 183, 192
• Interventions for Disruptive Behavior Disorders Kit (SAMHSA), 169
• Intoxication, 153
• IOCDF (International Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Foundation), 89
• IPT. See Interpersonal therapy
• ISSTD. See International Society for the Study of Trauma and Dissociation
• Ivey, A. E., 318, 319
• Ivey, M. B., 318, 319

J

• Johnson, V. E., 206
• Johnson, Y., 73
• Jones, K. D., 18

K

• Kafka, M. P., 216
• Kahlbaum, K., 61
• Kaminer, Y., 151
• Kaye, W. H., 192
• Kendler, K. S., 39
• Kerridge, B. T., 158
• Kessler, R. C., 18, 70–71
• Keyes, K. M., 151
• Kleine-Levin syndrome, 193
• Kleptomania, 166, 169, 177–178
• Kopak, A. M., 159
• Kraemer, B., 130
• Kraepelin, E., 53
• Kress, V. E., 318
• Kupfer, D. J., 3, 4, 16, 23

L

• Language disorder, 20, 243
• Latinos/Latinas
  • anxiety disorders, 74, 76, 78, 82
  • depressive disorders, 34, 40–41
  • PTSD, 114
  • pyromania, 176
  • tobacco use, 160
• Lauritsen, M. B., 245
• Learning disorder, 20, 240, 249
• Level of Personality Functioning Scale, 310–311
• Lewis-Fernández, R., 282, 325
• Lifetime morbid risk (LMR), 70–71
• Linde, L. E., 4
• Linehan, M., 301
• Lithium, 54
• Locke, D. W., 4
• Lucarelli, L., 182

M

• Magariños, M., 279–280
• Magee, W. J., 18
• Major depressive disorder (MDD), 33, 34, 38–41, 50, 51
• Major neurocognitive disorder, 236, 251, 253–256, 255t
• Male hypoactive sexual desire disorder, 212–213
• Males. See Gender differences; Men
• Mandated reporting requirements, 109, 110, 176, 216, 217
• Manic episodes, 54, 55, 161. See also Bipolar and related disorders
• Manjula, M., 279
• Manning, J. S., 54
• Marijuana-related disorders, 154, 157–158
• Masochism/sadism, 221–222
• Masters, W. H., 206
• McGlinchey, J., 19
• McGonagle, K. A., 18
• MDD. See Major depressive disorder
• Medical model of behavior, 10, 11, 318
• Meehan, K., 303
• Melatonin, 204
• Men. See also Gender differences
  • delayed ejaculation, 208–209
  • erectile disorder (ED), 209–210
  • male hypoactive sexual desire disorder, 212–213
  • premature ejaculation, 213–214
• Mental disorder, defined, 318
• Mental retardation. See Intellectual disability
• Mergl, R., 277, 278–279
• Methamphetamines, 159
• Mewton, L., 23
• Meyer, A., 9
• Mild neurocognitive disorder, 251–252, 254–256, 255t
• Miller, N., 130
• Miller, R., 319
• Mindfulness training, 152, 157, 162
• Mixed receptive-expressive language disorders, 20
• Monosymptomatic enuresis, 197
• Montgomery, P., 201
• Mood disorders
  • bipolar and related disorders, 53–67. See also Bipolar and related disorders
  • depressive disorders, 33–51. See also Depressive disorders
  • diagnostic changes, 20–21, 33
  • structural changes to classification of, 14
• Mood stabilizing medications, 54, 56
• Motor disorders, 249–251
• Mountford, V., 190
• Movement disorder, 257–258
• Multiaxial system, 10–11, 12–14, 13t
• Multiple personality disorder. See Dissociative identity disorder (DID)
• Murray, J., 174
• Myers, J. E., 11

N

• Naltrexone, 178
• Narcissistic personality disorder, 303–304
• Narcolepsy, 201–202
• National Comorbidity Survey, 34, 72, 106, 170, 171, 174
• National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions, 158
• National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 199
• National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), 325
  • on anorexia nervosa, 189–190
  • on bipolar disorder, 53
  • on depressive disorders, 34, 38
  • DSM-5 revision process and, 3
  • on obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), 90
  • Research Domain Criteria project, 292
• National Institutes of Health (NIH), 19
• Native Americans/Alaska Natives
  • alcohol-related disorders, 157
  • anxiety disorders, 76, 82
  • depressive disorders, 41
  • gambling disorder, 161
• Negative affectivity, 311
• Negative symptoms of psychotic disorders, 257, 258
• Neurocognitive disorders, 251–256
  • case example, 256
  • coding, recording, and specifiers, 253, 254, 255t
  • counseling implications, 252
  • delirium, 252–253
  • diagnostic changes, 21, 236, 251–252
  • differential diagnosis, 253, 254
  • etiology and treatment, 252
  • major neurocognitive disorder, 236, 251, 253–256, 255t
  • mild neurocognitive disorder, 251–252, 254–256, 255t
• Neurodevelopmental disorders, 239–251
  • ADHD, 170, 236, 240–241, 247–249
  • autism spectrum disorder (ASD), 20, 236, 240, 241, 244–247
  • case examples, 247, 248–249
  • childhood-onset fluency disorder, 20, 236, 243–244
  • coding, recording, and specifiers, 242, 246–247, 248, 249, 250–251
  • communication disorders, 20, 236, 241, 242–244
  • counseling implications, 241
  • developmental coordination disorder, 249–250
  • diagnostic changes, 240–241
  • differential diagnosis, 242, 243, 244, 246, 248, 249, 250
  • gender differences in, 249
  • global developmental delay, 242
  • intellectual disability, 20, 236, 241–242
  • language disorder, 20, 243
  • motor disorders, 249–251
  • overview, 239–240
  • social communication disorder (SCD), 20, 236, 241, 244
  • specific learning disorder, 20, 240, 249
  • speech sound disorder, 20, 243
  • stereotypic movement disorder, 250
  • tic disorders, 250–251
• Neurotic depression. See Persistent depressive disorder (PDD)
• Nicasio, A. V., 325
• Nicotine-related disorders, 156, 159–160
• Nightmare disorder, 203, 204
• NIH (National Institutes of Health), 19
• NIMH. See National Institute of Mental Health
• Nissenson, K., 279–280
• Nock, M. K., 171
• Nocturnal involuntary urination, 197
• Nonaxial system, 12–14, 13t, 319–320
• Non–rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep arousal disorders, 203–204
• Not otherwise specified (NOS) diagnosis, 3, 15, 18, 21

O

• Öberg, K., 211
• Obsessional jealousy, 104
• Obsessive-compulsive and related disorders, 87–104
  • body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), 21, 89, 93–95
  • case examples, 92–93, 94–95, 97–98, 101
  • in children and adolescents, 89, 91, 99, 103
  • coding, recording, and specifiers, 92, 94, 96, 99, 101, 102, 103
  • common obsessions and compulsions, 87, 87t
  • counseling implications, 89–90
  • cultural considerations, 91, 94, 96, 100, 103
  • diagnostic changes, 21, 88
  • differential diagnosis, 88–89, 91, 94, 96, 99, 100–101
  • due to another medical condition, 102–103
  • in elderly populations, 95
  • etiology and treatment, 89, 99
  • excoriation disorder, 21, 89, 99–101
  • gender differences in, 91, 94
  • hoarding disorder, 21, 89, 92, 95–98
  • obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), 87, 89, 90–93, 306–307
  • other specified and unspecified, 104
  • socioeconomic status and, 91
  • substance/medication-induced, 101–102
  • trichotillomania (TTM), 21, 89, 98–99, 165
• Obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea, 202–203
• Oldham, J., 4, 308
• Olfactory hallucinations, 257
• Opioid-related disorders, 154–155, 158–159
• Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), 37, 166, 167, 170–172
• Other specified disorder diagnosis, 15, 320
• Overdiagnosis, 23

P

• Pacific Islanders. See Asian Americans/Pacific Islanders
• Pagan, J. L., 308
• PANDAS (pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorder associated with streptococcal infections), 103
• Panic attacks, 21, 79–80, 115
• Panic disorder, 21, 72, 75, 78–79
• PANS (pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome), 103
• Paranoid personality disorder, 296–297
• Paraphilic disorders, 214–224
  • case example, 218
  • coding, recording, and specifiers, 218, 219, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224
  • counseling implications, 216
  • diagnostic changes, 21, 179, 215
  • differential diagnosis, 215, 217–218, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224
  • etiology and treatment, 215–216
  • exhibitionistic disorder, 218–219
  • fetishistic disorder, 223
  • frotteuristic disorder, 220–221
  • gender differences in, 216
  • overview, 214–215
  • pedophilic disorder, 21, 216–218
  • sexual masochism/sadism, 221–222
  • transvestic disorder, 223–224
  • voyeuristic disorder, 220
• Parasomnias, 203–204
• Parental interventions, 168–169
• Paris, J., 294, 308
• Parkes, G., 132
• Parpottas, P., 297
• Patient Health Questionnaire, 34, 323
• PD-TS (personality disorder–trait specific), 312
• Pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome (PANS), 103
• Pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorder associated with streptococcal infections (PANDAS), 103
• Pedophilic disorder, 21, 216–218
• Persistent depressive disorder (PDD), 33, 41–44, 50
• Personality disorders, 293–315
  • alternative model for diagnosing, 12, 294–295, 308–315
  • antisocial, 166, 174, 175, 299–300
  • avoidant, 304–305
  • borderline, 300–302
  • case examples, 313–315
  • clustering system for, 293–294
  • comorbidity and, 296, 297, 299, 300
  • cultural considerations, 295–296, 297–298, 302, 304–305, 306
  • defined, 294
  • dependent, 305–306
  • diagnostic changes, 295
  • differential diagnosis, 298, 301–302, 303, 304, 305, 306, 307
  • essential features of, 293–294, 295
  • gender differences in, 295–296, 299, 300, 301, 304, 307
  • histrionic, 302–303
  • narcissistic, 303–304
  • obsessive-compulsive, 306–307
  • paranoid, 296–297
  • pathological trait taxonomy, 311
  • personality disorder–trait specific (PD-TS), 312
  • schizoid, 297–298
  • schizotypal, 259, 298–299
  • suicide risk and, 301
• Personality disorder–trait specific (PD-TS), 312
• Pervasive developmental disorder, 20
• Petukhova, M., 70–71
• Phillips, K. A., 70, 94
• Phobias, 74–75
• Phobic stimulus, 74
• Phonological disorder, 20
• Pica, 184–186
• Pilver, C. E., 45
• PMDD. See Premenstrual dysphoric disorder
• Polysomnographs, 202
• Positive symptoms of psychotic disorders, 257
• Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), 111–119
  • case example, 119
  • in children and adolescents, 106, 113, 117–119
  • coding, recording, and specifiers, 115
  • cultural considerations, 114–115
  • diagnostic changes and criteria, 21, 106, 111–113, 112t, 115–118
  • differential diagnosis, 115
  • essential features of, 72, 111, 113–114
  • special considerations, 114–115
• Practice Guideline for the Treatment of Patients With Schizophrenia (APA), 261
• Practice implications, 317–326
  • assessment and screening tools, 323–325
  • coding and recording, 320–323
  • counseling identity and, 317–318
  • diagnostic considerations, 23, 317–320
  • neurobiological explanations for behavior and, 23, 318–319
  • nonaxial diagnosis and, 319–320
  • other specified and unspecified diagnosis and, 320
  • training needs, 23
• Pragmatic communication disorder. See Social communication disorder (SCD)
• Pregnancy, mood episodes during, 51, 67
• Premature ejaculation, 213–214
• Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), 20, 33, 44–47
• Proctor, S. L., 159
• Prosek, E. A., 319
• Psychobiological approach, 9
• Psychoeducation
  • bipolar disorders, 54, 56, 59
  • pyromania, 176
  • schizophrenia spectrum disorders, 261
  • somatic symptom disorders, 279
• Psychopathy. See Antisocial personality disorder (ASPD)
• Psychopharmacological treatments, 54, 168–169, 178, 214, 261, 280
• Psychotic disorders. See Schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders
• Psychoticism, 311
• PTSD. See Posttraumatic stress disorder
• Pyromania, 166, 169, 175–177

R

• Racial and ethnic differences. See also specific racial and ethnic groups
  • anxiety disorders, 74, 76, 78, 82
  • bipolar disorder, 56
  • depressive disorders, 34, 40–41, 42
  • disruptive, impulse-control, and conduct disorders, 176
  • substance-related and addictive disorders, 157, 160
  • trauma- and stressor-related disorders, 114
• Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder, 200, 203, 204
• Rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT), 306
• Rayle, A. D., 318
• Reactive attachment disorder (RAD), 106, 108–109
• Recording. See Coding, recording, and specifiers
• Regier, D. A., 3, 16
• Relaxation training, 71
• Remington, R., 254
• Reporting mandates, 109, 110, 176, 216, 217
• Research Domain Criteria project, 292
• Research Planning Committee Conference, 3
• Restless legs syndrome, 200, 205
• Restrictive/avoidant food intake disorder, 187–188
• Retarded ejaculation, 208–209
• Rett syndrome. See Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)
• Rogler, L. H., 10
• Rosa's Law (2010), 236, 240, 242
• Rubin, A., 260
• Rumination disorder, 186–187

S

• Sadism/masochism, 221–222
• Samet, S., 47
• SAMHSA. See Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
• Sampson, N. A., 70–71
• SCD. See Social communication disorder
• Schizoaffective disorder, 259, 265–266
• Schizoid personality disorder, 297–298
• Schizophrenia, 265
• Schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders, 257–268
  • brief psychotic disorder, 263–264
  • case example, 267–268
  • catatonia, 51, 259, 267
  • counseling implications, 262
  • delusional disorder, 263
  • diagnostic changes, 20, 236, 258–259
  • differential diagnosis, 259–260
  • dimensional assessment of, 18–19, 236, 258
  • due to another medical condition, 266–267
  • essential features of, 257–258
  • etiology and treatment, 260–262
  • schizoaffective disorder, 265–266
  • schizophrenia, 265
  • schizophreniform disorder, 264–265
  • substance/medication-induced, 266
• Schizophreniform disorder, 264–265
• Schizotypal personality disorder, 259, 298–299
• Schnyder, U., 130
• Schweitzer, D. H., 208
• Screening tools. See Assessment
• Sedative-related disorders, 155, 159
• Selective mutism, 73–74, 76
• Separation anxiety disorder, 71–73
• Severity Measure for Panic Disorder–Adult, 323–324
• Sex, defined, 128
• Sex development disorders, 128, 129
• Sexual dysfunctions, 205–214
  • coding, recording, and specifiers, 207–208
  • consequences of, 205–206
  • cultural considerations, 210, 211, 213
  • delayed ejaculation, 208–209
  • diagnostic changes, 21, 179, 206–207
  • differential diagnosis, 209–210, 211, 212, 213, 214
  • in elderly populations, 209
  • erectile disorder (ED), 209–210
  • female orgasmic disorder, 210
  • female sexual interest/arousal disorder, 211
  • genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder, 211–212
  • male hypoactive sexual desire disorder, 212–213
  • premature ejaculation, 213–214
  • substance/medication-induced, 214
• Sexual masochism/sadism, 221–222
• Sexual response cycle, 206
• Sharma, M. P., 279
• Shell shock, 120
• Shepard, L. D., 201
• Shoplifting. See Kleptomania
• Siegel, D. J., 319
• Simon, L., 131
• Simonoff, E., 246
• Simons, J. S., 205
• Sirri, L., 282
• Skin-picking disorder. See Excoriation disorder
• Skodol, A., 308
• Sleep-related hypoventilation, 202–203
• Sleep terrors, 203
• Sleep-wake disorders, 199–205
  • breathing-related sleep disorders, 202–203
  • in children and adolescents, 203, 204
  • circadian rhythm disorders, 204
  • coding, recording, and specifiers, 201, 202, 205
  • consequences of, 199
  • diagnostic changes, 21, 179, 200
  • in elderly populations, 201, 202
  • gender differences in, 200, 205
  • hypersomnolence disorder, 201–202
  • insomnia disorder, 200–201
  • narcolepsy, 201–202
  • parasomnias, 203–204
  • restless legs syndrome, 200, 205
  • substance/medication-induced, 205
• Sleepwalking, 203, 204
• Smoking, 156, 159–160
• So, J. K., 279
• Social anxiety disorder, 72, 75–78
• Social communication disorder (SCD), 20, 236, 241, 244
• Socialization, gender differences in, 125
• Social rhythm therapy, 54, 56, 59
• Socioeconomic status
  • bipolar disorder, 56
  • family, impact on, 2
  • obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), 91
  • somatic symptom and related disorders, 281, 282
  • tobacco use, 160
  • trauma- and stressor-related disorders, 107
• Sociopathy. See Antisocial personality disorder (ASPD)
• Solution-focused therapy, 221
• Somatic hallucinations, 257
• Somatic symptom and related disorders, 277–284
  • case example, 283–284
  • conversion disorder, 281–282
  • counseling implications, 280
  • diagnostic changes, 277–278
  • differential diagnosis, 278–279
  • etiology and treatment, 279–280
  • factitious disorder, 282–283
  • gender differences in, 281, 282
  • illness anxiety disorder, 281
  • psychological factors affecting other medical conditions, 282
  • socioeconomic status and, 281, 282
  • somatic symptom disorder, 280–281
• Somatization, 40
• Sood, E. D., 72
• Specific learning disorder, 20, 240, 249
• Specific phobias, 74–75
• Specifiers. See Coding, recording, and specifiers
• Speech sound disorder, 20, 243
• Spiegel, D., 269
• Stein, C., 318
• Stein, D. J., 70, 88
• Stereotypic movement disorder, 250
• Stimulant-related disorders, 155–156, 159
• Stinson, F. S., 304
• Stressor-related disorders. See Trauma- and stressor-related disorders
• Stuttering. See Childhood-onset fluency disorder
• Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), 38, 149, 169, 261, 262
• Substance-related and addictive disorders, 149–163
  • alcohol-related, 152, 153, 157
  • caffeine-related, 153, 157
  • cannabis-related, 154, 157–158
  • case examples, 160, 163
  • in children and adolescents, 158
  • coding, recording, and specifiers, 150, 151, 153–156, 162
  • coding and specifiers for, 150, 151, 153–156, 162
  • counseling implications, 156–157, 162–163
  • cravings, 152, 156–157
  • diagnostic changes and criteria, 21, 150–151, 152, 162
  • essential features of, 151–152
  • gambling disorder, 21, 151, 161–163, 165
  • gender differences in, 157, 159, 161
  • hallucinogen-related, 154, 158
  • inhalant-related, 154, 158
  • intoxication and withdrawal, 153
  • opioid-related, 154–155, 158–159
  • overview, 149–150
  • racial differences in, 157, 160
  • sedatives, hypnotics, and anxiolytic-related, 155, 159
  • stimulant-related, 155–156, 159
  • tobacco-related, 156, 159–160
• Suicide risk
  • anxiety disorders, 71
  • bipolar disorder, 53, 55, 59
  • depressive disorders, 40
  • dimensional assessment of, 18
  • personality disorders, 301
• Swartz, H. A., 59
• Sweeney, T. J., 11

T

• Tactile hallucinations, 257
• Tandon, R., 258, 259
• Theft. See Kleptomania
• Thought disorder, 257
• Tic disorders, 250–251
• Tiefer, L., 206
• Tobacco-related disorders, 156, 159–160
• Tourette's disorder, 89, 250
• Transference-focused psychotherapy, 303
• Transgender, defined, 128
• Transsexual, defined, 128
• Transvestic disorder, 223–224
• Trauma, defined, 105
• Trauma- and stressor-related disorders, 105–124. See also Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
  • acute stress disorder, 106, 119–122
  • adjustment disorders, 106–107, 122–124
  • case examples, 119, 122
  • in children and adolescents, 106, 108–111, 113, 117–119, 121, 123
  • coding, recording, and specifiers, 109, 110, 115, 122, 124
  • counseling implications, 107–108
  • cultural considerations, 109, 110, 114–115, 121, 123
  • diagnostic changes, 21, 105–106
  • differential diagnosis, 107, 109, 110, 115, 121–122, 124
  • disinhibited social engagement disorder (DSED), 106, 109–111
  • essential features of, 106–107
  • etiology and treatment, 107
  • gender differences in, 106
  • other specified and unspecified, 124
  • racial differences in, 114
  • reactive attachment disorder (RAD), 106, 108–109
  • socioeconomic status and, 107
• Traumatic stressors, defined, 111
• Trawver, K., 260
• Treatment. See Counseling; Etiology and treatment; specific therapy techniques
• Trichotillomania (TTM), 21, 89, 98–99, 165
• Twenge, J. M., 304

U

• United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, 157
• University of California Clinical Research Center for Schizophrenia and Psychiatric Rehabilitation, 261
• Unspecified disorder diagnosis, 15, 320
• Upcoding, 322
• Ursano, R. J., 113
• U.S. Health and Human Services Department, 15, 320

V

• Van Meter, A. R., 62
• Vaughn, M. G., 176
• V codes, 12, 13, 14
• Verheul, R., 169
• Visual hallucinations, 257
• Vontress, C. E., 42
• Voyeuristic disorder, 220

W

• Waldinger, M. D., 208
• Waller, G., 190
• Walsh, J., 262
• War hysteria/neurosis, 120
• Wellness, defined, 11
• White Americans. See Caucasian Americans
• Williams syndrome, 110
• Wilson, M., 10
• Winters, K. C., 151
• Withdrawal, 153
• Witmer, M., 11
• Wittchen, H. U., 18, 70–71
• Women. See also Gender differences
  • female orgasmic disorder, 210
  • female sexual interest/arousal disorder, 211
  • genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder, 211–212
  • pregnancy, mood episodes during, 51, 67
  • premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), 20, 33, 44–47
• World Health Organization (WHO). See also International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD)
  • DSM-5 revision process and, 3
  • intellectual disability terminology of, 242
• World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS) 2.0, 12–13, 323, 324

Z

• Zafar, U., 279–280
• Zalaquett, C. P., 318
• Zaslasvky, A., 70–71
• Zimmerman, M., 19