Please note that page numbers are not accurate for the e-book edition.
Acland, John, 296
Act of Settlement, 82, 90, 92, 98–99, 109, 110, 142, 289–290
Africa, 6, 19, 54, 63; colonies, 221; conditions of natives, 172; effect of white man on native culture, 165–6; exploitation of, 166
Agrarian Society, 43
Agrarianism, 197
Agriculture, 47, 70
Aid-in-rent, 101
Aid-in-wages, 86, 92, 97–98, 106, 285
Algiers, 6, 13
Allotments, 292
Allowance system in industrial towns, 292 ff.
Aluminium industry, 149
Andaman Islanders, 278
Angell, Norman, 198
Angoulême, Due d’, 5
Anti-Combination Laws, 85, 126, 219, 271
Anti-Corn Law Bill, 144, 174
Antwerp, 66
Applegarth, Robert, 296
Apprenticeship, 90–91
Arnold, Thurman, 155
Ashley, Sir William James, 283, 297
Asia, 19
Atwood of Birmingham, 235
Australians (aborigines), 62
Austria, 5, 8, 13, 19, 24, 32, 154, 196, 197, 298; and currency, 26, 238; and Fascism, 246, 249; and labour, 251
Austro-Hungary, 183
Autarchist empires, 24
Babylonia, 54, 280
Baghdad Railway, 13; bibliography, 272–273
Balance of power, 3, 6 ff, 17, 30, 249; bibliography, 272; and Bismarck, 19; and disarmament, 22; and peace, 19; System, 8 ff., 23, 220, 269 ff.
Balkans, 19, 222
Baltic States, 24
Bank of England, 10, 27, 233
Bank of Exchange, 113
Banking: international, 10 ff.; national, 11, 13–14; in United States, 237. See also Central Banking.
Barnes-Becker-Becker, 272
Barter, 71. See also Exchange; Trade, Markets.
Basra, 13
Bauer, Otto, 26
Beer, Max, 287
Belasco, P.S., 297
Belgium, 5, 6, 8; and currency, 238
Bellers, John, 110 ff., 115
Belsham, Will, 296
Benedict, Ruth, 278
Bentham, Jeremy, 88, 111 ff., 122, 124 ff., 145–146, 177, 189, 233, 285, 286, 296
Bentham, Sir Samuel, 111
Bergdama (tribesmen), 53
Berkshire magistrates, 82, 85, 88
Berlin, 24, 181
Berlin, Congress of. See Congress of Berlin.
Birmingham, 154
Bismarck-Schönhausen, Prince Otto Eduard Leopold von, 19, 26, 183, 222; and Austria, 8; and the Concert of Europe, 8; and Protectionism, 213
Blackmore, J. S., 297
Blake, William, 102
Blanc, Louis, 111, 113
Bleichroeders, 276
Bolshevism, 197, 199, 251, 254–255
Borkenau, Franz, 191
Bourbons, 271
Bourse of Paris. See Paris, Bourse.
Brinkmann, C., 172, 189
Bristol Corporation for the Poor, 111
British Blue Book, 254
British Dominions, 270
Brüning, John, 237, 250
Budapest, 24, 181
Buecher, Carl, 279, 280, 285
Buell, R. L., 272
Bulgaria, 6, 24, 24; currency, 27; Fascism, 245, 249
Bullion report, 299
Burgesses, 67, 68
Burke, Edmund, 88, 97, 121 ff., 133, 232, 235, 270, 285, 297
Cadiz, Spain, 5
Calvin, John, 116
Canada, 221
Cannan, E., 129
Canning, Charles John, 97, 222, 269, 274
Capital, 16, 25, 38, 69, 137
Capitalism, 16, 29, 84, 102, 166, 168, 175, 221, 231, 233, 245, 251; in England, 188; in France, 188
Carlyle, Thomas, 102
Carr, E. H., 213, 272
Cartels, 7, 213
Cary, John, 111
Central banking, 201 ff., 219
Central Europe, 24, 192, 196, 224
Centralized State, 69
Chaddar, 167
Chaga, 65
Chamberlain, Joseph, 154
Chamberlain, Neville, 254
Change, 35, 39, 158 ff., 245 ff.; to one party system, 252
Charles I, King, 233
Charles II, King, 233
Chartism, 234
Chartist Movement, 180 ff., 233
Child labour, 121, 164, 179–180, 303
Chimney Sweepers’ Act, 152
China, 6, 54, 280
Chrestomathic Day School, 126
Christian Socialists, 249
Christianity, 133, 177, 180, 268
Churchill, Winston, 26
City of London, 14, 27, 221, 253, 274
City-states, 6
Civilization, 3, 4, 21, 31, 245, 257 ff., 265
Clapham, J. H., 43, 97, 102, 272, 287, 297
Class interest, 158 ff., 259
Classes, 105–106, 120, 138–139, 158– 159, 182. See also Middle class.
Clergy, 194–195
Clive, Lord (Robert), 222
Cloth trade, 68
Cobbett, William, 234
Cobden, Richard, 192
Code Napoléon, 189
Cole, G. D. H., 176, 226
Collectivism, 151, 155, 161, 169–170, 283, 287
“Collectivist Conspiracy,” 156, 163, 213, 223
Collectivization of farms, 255
Colleges of industry, 110 ff.
Collier, John, 168, 302
Colonial policy, 224
Colonies, 221–225
Coloured races, 300 ff.
Comintern. See Congress of the Comintern.
Commerce between belligerents, 16–17
Commercial revolution, 29, 69
Commercial society, 43, 120
Commercialization of the soil, 188
Commodity fiction, 75, 138, 204
Commodity money. See Money, commodity.
Commodity prices, 18, 190
Common Law, 73
Commonwealth, British, 41, 99
Communism. See Bolshevism.
Concert of Europe, 8–10, 17 ff., bibliography, 273
Condorcet, Marie Jean, Marquis de, 118
Congress of Berlin, 8
Congress of the Comintern, 251
Conscience, freedom of, 261
Constitution, 233–234
Constitutionalism, 14, 233
Consumers’ Co-operatives, 177
Contagious Diseases Act, 152
Cooke, Edward, 118
Coolidge, Calvin, 26
Cooper, Alfred Duff, 254
Copyhold Acts, 189
Corn Laws, 198
Corn markets and prices, 289, 291
Correspondence Societies, 127
Corti, Egon Cæsar, 275
Cotton industry, 36, 39, 77, 97, 121, 142, 145
Counter-revolutions, 248
Countryside, against town, 294–295; depopulation and overpopulation, 295–296
Cowe, James, 296
Cowell, 291
Credit, 23, 199, 203, 240, 274
Crimean War, 5, 17
Crossman, R. H. S., 272
Crumple, Samuel, 296
Cunningham, William, 77, 212, 272, 284, 287, 293
Currency, 18, 24, 25, 143, 203, 206, 211, 216, 219, 223, 228, 235, 239– 240; depreciation, 27; in Europe, 199; in Great Britain, 236, 242; international, 273; restoration, 23; stabilization, 148; stabilization table, 275; United States, 242. See also Money.
Customs tariffs, 161, 213, 223, 226
Czech gold reserves, 254
Danson, J. T., 295
Dardanelles, 16
Darwin, Charles, 88, 118
Davies, David, 96
Dawes Plan, 224, 252
Death, 267
Debt Commission, 15
Debtor governments, 14
Decree of Muharrem, 15
Deflation, 203, 204, 241
Defoe, Daniel, 113 ff., 296
De Greef’s Law, 270
Delos, Isle of, 56
Democracy, 126, 234, 235
Denmark, 5, 9
Denudation of forests, 193
Depopulation, 37
Depressions: Great Depression, 1873–86, 223, 225–226; post-war, 1929 et seq., 20, 208
Detroit, 247
Dette Ottomane, 15
Dicey, A. V., 146, 153, 174, 189, 286, 287
Dickens, Charles, 102
Diderot, Denis, 88
Dieri (of Central Australia), 62
Diplomacy, 10
Disarmament, 22, 23
Disarmament Conference, 252
Disraeli, Benjamin, First Earl of Beaconsfield, 86, 174, 221
Doherty’s Trade Unions, 294
Drucker, Peter F., 180
Dust bowls, 193
Dyer, George, 296
Earle, Edward Mead, 276
East India Company, 168, 222
Eastern Europe, 24 ff.
Economic law, 38, 128
Economic liberalism, 31, 35, 121, 132, 138, 141 ff., 148, 155 ff., 195, 209, 225–226, 239, 276, 280
Economic Society. See Society.
Economic systems, 17–18, 42 ff., 57 ff.
Economic theory, 129–132
Economics and politics separated, 259
Eden, Sir Frederick Morton, 296
Egypt, 5, 20, 53; and currency, 280
Eldon, Lord, 105
Elizabeth, Queen, 222
Enclosure Act, 189
Enclosures, 36 ff., 73, 98
Enemy property, 17
Engels, Friedrich, 95, 102, 285
England, 5, 13, 19, 32 ff., 153; and the Balance of Power, 269–270; class government, 40; classes, 91; constitutionalism, 40; and Fascism, 25, 246, 249; immigration of craftsmen, 40; industrial revolution, 36 ff.; and the labour market, 81; Ministry of Health, 126; pauperism, 82 ff.; and the Poor Laws, 83; popular suffrage, 181; population, 97, 115; social legislation, 152–153; social conditions, 94–95, 102–103, 302–303; trade wars, 273
England, Bank of. See Bank of England.
Erosion, 193
Essential Works Order, 264
Estonia, 25, 249, 251
Eulenberg, F., 19
Europe, 188, 223, 231; and food, 199; and land, 192; governments after World War I (table), 274–275
Exchange, 28, 64, 71. See also Barter.
Exchanges, 202, 218, 238, 241
Expansion, 16
Exploitation, 168
Exports, 221, 227
Factory inspection, 153
Factory laws, 223
Factory system, 78 ff.
Fascism, 30, 32, 245 ff.; and Christianity, 268; and Roman Catholic Church, 249
Fay, S. B., 273
Federal Reserve Board, 27
Federal Reserve System, 211
Feis, H., 10, 273, 276
Fénelon, 269
Fernandez, Juan, 118, 119
Feudalism, 6, 17, 54, 90, 188, 192, 195, 280; abolished, 72–73; and famines, 167
Finance, 10 ff. See also Haute finance.
Fines and Recoveries Act, 189
Finland, 24, 197; and currency, 27; and Fascism, 245, 249, 251
Firth, R., 64, 277, 279, 281
“Flight of Capital,” 25
Food, 194, 199
Food prices, 94
Food supplies, 67
Fourier, François Marie Charles, 110, 113
Fox, Charles James, 270
France, 5, 7, 8, 19, 29, 153, 222, 237; and Bismarck, 19; and currency, 24; and Fascism, 246, 250; and Germany, 12, 226; and liberal government, 25; off the gold standard, 148; and the Ruhr, 251; and the trade wars, 273
Franco-Prussian War, 5
Francqui, Emile, 237
Frederick the Great, 17
Free trade, 18, 19, 23, 29, 38, 138, 141, 142, 144, 145, 169, 190, 198, 212, 223; India, 167; origin, 32. See also Trade.
Freedom, 258 ff.
Freedom of contract, 154, 191
Freezing of labour, 264
French Revolution, 7, 17, 88, 189, 228
Fuller, Major-General, 273
Funnell, William, 118
Gairdner, J., 38
General Allotment Act, 302
Geneva, 22, 23, 25, 27, 198, 221, 240–241, 253, 274
Gentz, Friedrich von, 7
George, Henry, 26
George, Stefan, 246
Germany, 6, 19, 24, 30, 32, 196, 213, 222, 252–253, 254; and Bolshevism, 199; cartels, 226; colonial policy, 226; and the Concert of Europe, 8; currency, 224, 238; customs tariff, 226; and disarmament, 250; and England, 13; factory legislation, 153; Fascism, 25, 32, 246, 250; and France, 12, 226; foreign investment policy, 12; a “have-not,” 221; industrial revolution, 183; inflation, 24; labour, 251; leaves the League of Nations, 253; National Socialist Revolution, 24; and the peace interest, 19; preparations for war, 252; prosperity, 252; social insurance, 226; workmen’s compensation, 154
Ghost dance, 168
Gibbins, H. de B., 38
Gilbert, Thomas, 296
Gilbert’s Act, 100, 111, 285
Gladstone, William Ewart, 222
Godwin, William, 88, 89, 127, 132, 296
Gold, 137, 203
Gold standard, 3, 26–27, 31, 80, 141, 144, 169, 201 ff., 211, 223, 226, 234, 236, 252, 254; collapse, 21; and currency, 224; failure, 28, 29; origin, 32; and the peace factor, 14; restoration, 149; table of countries off, 275; in the United States, 211
Goldenweiser, A., 165, 278, 301, 302
Government. See Popular government.
Grant, Irene, 11
Great Britain, 20, 30, 253, 254, 299; balance of power, 269; and Bismarck, 8; currency, 235–236, 242; expansion, 5, 6; and Fascism, 250; foreign policy, 222; general strike, 236; and laissez-faire, 149; National Government, 235; off the gold standard, 24, 27, 149, 208, 252; trade, 216, 238; unemployment benefits, 288
Great War. See World War I.
Greece, 16, 33, 236; currency, 27
Grey, Sir Edward (Lord Grey of Fallodon), 269
Guilds, 69, 73
Habeas Corpus Act, 146, 264
Haberler, G., 220
Habitation versus improvement, 35 ff.
Hadley, A. T., 234
Hales, John, 38
Halévy, Elie, 286
Halifax, Lord, 254
Hamburg, 66
Hamilton, Alexander, 222
Hammond, Barbara, 179, 287
Hammond, J. L., 179, 287
Hammurabi (in Babylonia), 53
Hampshire, 98, 296
Hanse, 66
Hapsburgs, 271
Hartley, David, 119
Harvey, J., 285
Hastings, Warren, 222
Haushofer, Karl, 272
Haute finance, 10, 14, 18–19, 23, 29; England, 11; France, 11; function, 10–11; organization, 12
Hawtrey, G. R., 59, 75, 193, 272
Hayes, C. A., 197
Hazlitt, W., 131
Heatley, D. P., 272
Heckscher, E. F., 38, 173, 283, 284
Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich, 116
Heimwehr, 249
Helvetius, Claude Adrien, 119
Henderson, H. D., 72
Henry VIII, King, 233
Herriot, Edouard, 154
Hershey, A. S., 17, 272
Herskovits, M. J., 280, 282, 171
Heymann, H., 250
Hilferding, Rudolf, 26, 276
Hindenburg, Paul von Beneckendorff und von, 24, 246, 250
Hitler, Adolf, 199, 246, 247, 251, 254
Hobbes, Thomas, 119, 172
Hobson, J. A., 276
Hofmann, A., 272
Holland, 29, 271; and Fascism, 246, 249
Holmes, E., 285
Holy Alliance, 5 ff., 17
Hoover, Herbert, 25
Householding, 56
Houses of Industry, 287
Howlett, Rev. J., 288, 290, 296
Humanity. See Society.
Hume, David, 119, 192 ff., 270, 272
Hundred Years’ Peace, 3 ff., 198, 273–274; bibliography, 272
Hungary, 5, 13, 24, 249; and Bolshevism, 196; and currency, 27; and Fascism, 246, 249
Hungry Forties, 181, 234
Huskisson, William, 232
“Ideal system” (economic), 8
Immigration, 214
Imperialism, 16, 158, 192, 218, 221– 222, 214–215, 227
Import tariffs. See Customs tariffs.
Imports, 221
Improvement versus habitation, 36 ff.
Incas, 54, 280
India, 54, 167–168, 173; and currency, 280
Indian Reorganization Act, 302
Indians, American. See North American Indians.
Individual, rights of, in society, 245
Indo-China, 6
Industrial Revolution, 7, 8, 36, 39 ff., 81, 93, 124, 135, 169, 173; causes, 42–43; cultural effect, 164; defi- nition, 42–43; England, 31, 36 ff., 182; Europe, 182–183; origin, 32; social conditions, 41–42, 182
Industry, 16
Industry-houses, 112, 122, 126
Inflation, 24, 25, 27, 148, 235
Inheritance Act, 189
Innes, A. D., 38
International institutions, 3–4. See also Balance of Power; Gold standard.
International Labour Office, 27
International order and peace, 260–261
International system, 4–5, 16, 21 ff.; failure, 29, 252; monetary, 16
Internationalism, 10, 207
Intervention, international, 5
Interventionism, 38–39, 69–70, 155, 161, 207, 215–216, 217, 225, 231, 239
Investments, foreign, 11, 15
Ireland, 246
Italy, 5, 24, 32, 221, 245–246; Bolshevism, 199; currency, 26; Fascism, 245–246, 249, 250; industrial revolution, 183; preparations for war, 252
James, Isaac, 118, 296
Japan, 221, 252, 270; Fascism, 246
Jesus, 249
Judaism, 249
Johnson, Charles S., 303
Jones, Edward, 296
Jowett, Benjamin, 56
Jugoslavia, 245
Kaffirs, 165, 171, 302, 303
Kett’s rebellion, 37
Keynes, John Maynard, 195
Kingfish. See Long, Huey.
Kingsley, Charles, 102, 165
Kingsley, Mary H., 302
Klages, Ludwig, 246
Knight, Frank H., 250
Knowledge of constitutive facts, 264
Knowles, L. C. A., 184, 272
Kouwenhoven, John A., 11
Kpelle, 62
Kraal-land system, 171
Kula ring, 62
Kula trade, 51, 52
Kwakiutl (tribesmen), 53, 171
Labour, 41, 71 ff., 81 ff., 171 ff., 234; code of, 91; division of, 282; enforced, 91, 92, 99; independent, 104; nationalization, 73; nomadic, 172; obligations, 120
Labour exchange, 110, 113, 176
Labour legislation, English, 73
Labour market. See Markets, Labour.
Labour organization, 90, 288 ff.
Labour parties, 150, 236, 243
Laissez-faire, 122, 124, 138, 143, 145, 147, 154 ff., 286
Land, 36, 39, 71 ff., 81, 187 ff.; colonies, 188
Landflucht, 293
Langer, W. L., 273, 276
Lassalle, Ferdinand, 26, 111, 113
Lasswell, H. D., 272, 273
Latin America and Fascism, 246
Latvia, 25, 249, 251
Laud, William, Archbishop, 37
Lawrence, D. H., 246
Lawson, 110
League Council, 23
League of Nations, 27, 29; balance of power, 22, 249; collapse, 24; gold delegation of, 242
Leathes, Sir Stanley Mordaunt, 272, 276
Leigh, Robert D., 11
Lenin, Wladimir Ilyitch, 16, 24, 26
Lesser, Alexander, 301
Libel Act, 142
Liberal philosophy and Fascism, 265–266
Liberal State, 3, 29, 31, 195
Linton, Ralph, 278
Lippmann, Walter, 46, 148, 155, 272, 288
Lipson, Ephraim, 282
Lithuania, 25, 251
Lloyd George, David, 155
Locke, John, 111, 117, 129, 233
Loeb, E. M., 171, 281, 282
London, 181, 196, 202
Long, Huey, 249
Lorimer, Frank, 302
Lowie, Robert Harry, 277
Luddism, 85, 175
Lueger, Karl, 154
Luson, Hewling, 296
Luther, Martin, 116
Luxembourg, neutralization, 8
Lyons, 173
Lysis (Michel le Tellier), 276
Macaulay, Thomas Babbington (Lord Macaulay), 185, 233, 234
Machiavelli, Niccolo, 116
Machines, 77–78, 124–125
MacIver, Robert M., 10
Madagascar, 6
Mair, L. P., 171, 301
Majendie, 292
Malinowski, Bronislav, 50, 277
Malthus, Thomas Robert, 88, 89, 103, 109, 118, 121, 127–129, 131, 143, 231, 285, 299
Manchester, 142, 174
Mandeville, Doctor, 114
Mankind. See Society.
Mann, J., 291
Mantoux, P. L., 127, 287
Manufactures, 98
Market economy, 31 ff., 75 ff., 105, 136, 187 ff., 195, 223 ff., 231 ff., 303; ancient Greece, 56; definition, 42, 43–44, 45, 71; England, 31; successor of Speenhamland, 106
Market system, 40, 44, 78, 85, 129, 136–137, 139, 145, 155 ff., 162, 171 ff., 195, 226; collapse of, 243; self-regulating, 31–32
Markets, 29, 43, 45–46, 56 ff., 171 ff., 187 ff., 201 ff., 228, 257–258, 276– 277, 281–282; corn, 289; customs and ceremonies, 64; definition, 59; fairs, 63; free, 146; India, 167; labour, 73, 75, 81, 82, 84, 92, 122, 132, 141–144, 169 ff., 184–185, 190, 225, 233, 239, 300; land, 75, 169 ff., 187 ff., 225, 239; local, 61, 64– 65, 67; money, 18, 75, 169 ff., 239; national, 64, 68–69, 120; one big market, 75, 187; origin, 66–67; ports, 63; real estate, 187; self- regulating, 3, 40, 42 ff., 60, 71 ff., 87, 132, 137–138, 141, 144, 147 ff., 154 ff., 198, 209, 217, 225, 280; United States, 210; world, 79–80
Marshall, Dorothy, 297
Marshall, T. H., 299
Martineau, Harriet, 94, 102, 104–105, 233, 286, 297
Marx, Karl, 8, 26, 76, 88, 113, 131, 158, 174, 285
Massie, J., 297
Materialism, 31, 42
Mayer, J. P., 272
Mead, Margaret, 166, 301
Meeting of Sufferings, 111
Melanesians, 302
Mellonie, F. C., 297
Mendershausen, Horst, 11
Mercantilism, 38, 70, 73, 77, 90, 284
Meredith, H. O., 83
Metternich, Prince Klemens Wenzel Nepomuk Lothar von, 7
M’Farlane, John, 108, 296, 303
Micronesians, 279
Middle classes, 17, 25, 104–105, 139, 180, 182, 194, 195, 196; Austria, 197. See also Classes.
Mill, James, 166
Mill, John Stuart, 26, 88, 212
Millins, Mrs. S. G., 165
Mines Act, 152
Minstrels, 277
Mises, Ludwig von, 26, 46, 148, 185, 198, 204, 234, 235, 287
Mitchell, W. C., 286
Mond Plan, 299
Mond, Sir Alfred, 288
Money, 25–26, 56, 61, 71 ff., 81, 204, 205, 208, 211–212, 282–283; com- modity, 137, 202, 205; Egypt, 53– 54; free, 214–215; token, 202, 205, 208; United States, 235. See also Currency; Wealth.
Montesquieu, Charles de Secondat de, 70, 233
More, Hannah, 179, 196, 289
More, Thomas, 116
Morgan, John Pierpont, 29
Morgans, 29
Morocco, 13, 20
Mowat, R. B., 273
Muir, Ramsay, 273
Munich, 253
Münster, Treaty of, 7, 270
Mussolini, Benito, 26, 199, 246, 251
Nasmith, James, 297
National Charity Company, 112
Nationalism, 16, 207–208
National Socialist Revolution, 24
Nazism, 250, 253
Netherlands. See Holland.
Neutralization, 8
New Deal, 24, 211, 236, 237
New Lanark, 178–179
New Poor Law, 232, 233
Nicholls History of the Poor Laws, 290
Nonconformity in established society, 260
Norman, Montagu, 253, 254
North American Indians, 168, 301–302
Norway, 8
Oastler, Richard, 174
Ohlin, B., 189
Oil industry, 149
Okeden, 292
Old Age Pension Act, 287
Oncken, H., 273
Operative Builders’ Union, 177
Oppenheim, L., 272
Orange State, 221
Ortes, Giammaria, 108
Ottoman Empire, 5, 8
Outdoor relief, 100
Owen, Robert, 88, 89, 111, 113, 115, 125, 133 ff., 165, 176, 178 ff., 235, 268, 297, 302–303
Owenism, 175 ff.
Owenite movement, 175 ff., 294
Owenite Societies, 176
Pacific Islands, 221
Pacifism, 5, 11
Paine, Thomas, 97, 297
Palestine, 246
Palgrave, Sir Robert Harry Inglis, 298
Palmerston, Third Viscount, 269, 274
Panopticon, 126, 146
Pantlen, Herman, 284
Papen, Franz von, 247
Paris, 181
Paris, Bourse of, 13
Parish serfdom, 289
Parliamentary Reform Act, 105, 124, 174, 232
Paternalism, 82, 92
Pauperism, 82 ff., 108, 123, 128, 232, 296 ff.; bibliography, 296 ff.; first appearance in England, 109; rural, 93–94. See also Speenhamland; Poor Law.
Pawnee hand game, 168
Pax Britannica, 14
Peace, 7, 17, 18, 22, 23, 276; African, 301; “armed peace,” 14
“Peace interest,” 7 ff., 11, 14, 273–274
Peace Treaties. See Treaties and particular Peace Treaties.
Peasantry, 67, 182, 192, 197; and Fascism, 251
Peel, Robert, 143, 185, 232, 233
Pelican Inn, 82
Pengwe of West Africa, 62
Penrose, E. F., 190, 210
Persia, 20
Pew, Richard, 297
Pharmacopœia, 152
Phillips, W. A., 273
Physiocrats, 115, 141, 195
Piracy, 274
Pirenne, Henri, 63, 270, 272, 281, 283 ff.
Pitt, William, 112, 122, 143, 185, 285
Pitt, William Morton, 296
Pitt-Rivers, 301
Planning and freedom, 262 ff.
Plato, 119
Poland, 5, 24, 25
Polanyi, Karl, 7–10, 241, 245
Political economy, 116 ff.
Politics and economics separated, 259
Polynesians, 279
Poor Law, 73, 82 ff., 123, 143, 285, 300; bibliography, 296 ff.; New Poor Law, 146; and organization of labour, 284 ff.; and the parish, 91; rates, 102; versus revolution, 97
Poor Law Amendment, 84, 143; bill, 143
Poor Law Bill, 122
Poor Law Commissioners, 291, 292
Poor Law Reform, 88, 106, 112, 164; Act, 86, 87, 174, 181; Commissioners, 105
Poor rates. See Rates.
Popular government, 231
Population, 41, 130, 168, 301
Portugal, 29
Postan, M. M., 284
Postlethwayt, Malachy, 108
“Post-war Revolutions,” 23, 248
Poverty. See Pauperism.
Power, Eileen Edna, 284, 291, 292
Power finance versus Dollar diplomacy, 10, 14, 15
Power, function of, 266–267
Prague, 254
Prescriptions Acts, 189
Price, Dr. R., 127
Prices, 71, 120, 129, 201–202. See also Food prices.
Primitive man, 46, 47–48, 55–56
Pringle, 292
Productive organization, 136 ff., 201 ff.
Profits, 44; speculator’s, 260
“Proletarian,” 168
Protectionism, 9, 142, 150, 158 ff., 169, 185, 213, 214, 220, 226, 227, 283–284; Europe, 200; United States, 211. See also Customs tariffs.
Proudhon, Pierre Joseph, 26, 111, 113
Prussia, 5, 154, 247; and Fascism, 246
Prussianism, 226
Public Libraries Act, 152
Public utilities, 16
Puritans, 113
P. W. A. (Public Works Administration), 288
Quakers, 110
Quesnay, François, 88, 119, 141, 222
Railways, 15, 16
Ratcliffe-Brown, 278
Rates, 101 ff., 127
Rauschning, H., 250
Raw material, 199
Real Property Act, 189
Reciprocity, 49 ff., 57 ff., 64, 277–278; centricity, 51, 57 ff., Kula trade, 51; symmetry, 51, 57 ff., 279
Redford, 294 ff.
Redistribution, 6, 49 ff., 57, 59, 279
Reform Bill, 84
Regeneration Societies, 177
Reichsmark, 224, 251
Remer, Charles Frederick, 276
Rhodes, Island, 56
Ricardo, David, 26, 88, 89, 103, 109, 113, 116, 120, 121, 131, 132, 143, 192, 205, 212, 231, 234, 285, 299
“Right to live,” 82 ff., 92, 106, 122
Rivera, Primo de, 246
Robbins, L., 272
Robinson, Henry, 110
Rockefeller Foundation, 11
Rodbertus, Johann Karl, 191
Rogers, Wood, 118
Roman Catholic Church, 7, 9, 154
Roosevelt, Theodore, 155
Rostovtzeff, M. I., 272
Rothschild family, 10, 18, 29
Rothschild, Nathan Meyer, 23
Romania, 6, 25, 251; currency, 27
Rousseau, Jean Jacques, 7, 46, 88
Ruggles, Theodore, 297
Russell, Bertrand, 272
Russia, 6, 8, 19, 30, 255; balance of power, 270; Constitution, 265; currency, 25; five-year plans, 24; Socialism, 243, 252, 255
Russian Revolution, 255–256
Sabatier, William, 297
Sadler, Michael Thomas, 174
St. Giles-in-the-Fields, 297
Saint-Simon, Count Claude Henri de, 178
Satanic mills, 8, 35 ff.
Saunders, Robert, 297
Savages. See Primitive man.
Schacht, Hjalmar, 253
Schafer, Felix, 11, 206
Schmoller, Gustav Friedrich von, 284
Schuman, F., 270, 272
Schumpeter, Joseph Alois, 286
Seipel, Ignaz, 237
Serbia, 6
Seven Years’ War, 221
Shaftesbury, Seventh Earl (Anthony Ashley Cooper), 174
Sheep-farming, 36
Sherer, J. G., 297
Sheriffian empires, 5
Siam, 6
Silesian loan, 17
Simon, Sir John, 253
Slaves, 121
Smith, Adam, 45, 46, 92, 97, 108, 115, 116, 117, 119, 129, 146, 173, 221, 258, 303
Snowden, Philip, 26, 236
Social Democrats, 154, 197, 247
Social insurance, 184
Socialism, 31, 242–243
Society, 3, 26, 32, 42 ff., 48, 57–58, 74–75, 76, 88–89, 116, 159 ff., 195, 205–206, 225, 284; and freedom, 257 ff.; and the industrial revolu- tion, 41; integration of, 264; primitive, 48–49, 60–61; research on, 276–277; self-protection, 136 ff.
Sokolnikoff, G. Y., 26
Somerset, Lord Protector, 37
Sontag, R. J., 8, 273, 276
Sorel, Georges, 246
Southey, Robert, 174
Spain, 5, 29, 36
Spanish-American War, 17
Spann, Othmar, 246
Speenhamland, 81 ff., 99 ff., 128, 173, 231, 300, 288–289; abolition, 105; cotton industry, 143; law, 82, 83, 99, 106; literature of, 285 ff.; payment of rates, 96; a war measure? 288 ff.
Spencer, Herbert, 46, 88, 148, 152, 195, 234, 288
Spitalfields institution, 297
Staley, Eugene, 276
Stalin, Joseph, 111
Statute of Artificers, 73, 91, 175, 232, 299
Stephen, Sir Leslie, 111, 126, 286
Stolper, G., 273
Storage (primitive societies), 50, 51, 54
Storm troops, 198
Strafford, First Earl (Thomas Wentworth), 37
Strains and stresses, 218 ff.
Strikes, 238–239
Stuart policy, 38, 39, 79
Stuart, Henry, 291
Sumner, William Graham, 148, 234
Switzerland, 5
Symbiosis, 29, 54, 250, 282
Syria, 6
Tariffs. See Customs tariffs.
Tawney, R. H., 37
Telford, Thomas, 97, 124
Temple, Sir William, 269
Ten Hours Bill, 174
Thirty Years’ Peace, 18
Thompson, E., 303
Thurnwald, R. C., 54, 61, 66, 166, 172, 277 ff., 281, 301
Thyssen, Fritz, 21
Tikopia, 281
Tocqueville, Charles Henri de, 185
Totalitarianism, 29
Town against countryside, 292 ff.
Towns, allowance system in industrial, 294 ff.
Townsend, Joseph, 97, 98, 116 ff., 123, 132, 143, 231, 285, 297
Toynbee, A. J., 172, 198, 270, 272, 286
Trade, 95, 108, 273–274, 281–282; cer- emonial, 64–65; fluctuation, 95– 96; foreign, 216–217, 283; local, 62, 63–64, 66–67; long distance, 62, 66–67; national, 63–64; and peace, 15–16, 23; sea-borne, 41; silent (or dumb), 63; world, 226–227. See also Free trade.
Trade cycle, 97, 215
Trade unions, 113, 150, 192, 213; on the Continent, 184; in England, 184; laws, 155; and Owenism, 176–177
Treaty of Berlin, 1878, 15
Treaty of Münster and Westphalia, 7, 270
Treaty of 1648, 271
Treaty of Utrecht, 7, 271
Trevelyan, G. M., 196, 269
Trobriand Islanders, 50, 52–53
Trotsky, Leon, 24, 26, 251
Tudor period, 36 ff.
Tudors, 79, 195, 285
Tunis, 6
Turkey, 8, 15
Turner, Frederick, 270
Tutorial classes, 11
T. V. A. (Tennessee Valley Authority), 194
“Two Nations,” 123
Ukraine, 247
Ulloa, Antonio de, 118
Unemployment, 91, 98, 150, 218 ff., 232, 245; invisible, 95
Union shops, 176
United States, 29, 30, 226; and the balance of power, 270; and cus- toms tariffs, 226; and expansion, 6; and Fascism, 246, 249; and the gold standard, 27; and laissez- faire, 149; and prosperity, 251; off the gold standard, 149, 208, 238, 252
Universal suffrage, 216
Utopia, 3, 108 ff., 220
Utrecht, Treaty of. See Treaty of Utrecht.
Utu, 64
Vaccination, 152
Vancouver, John, 297
Vattel, Emmeriche de, 269
Venice, 5, 66
Vienna, 24, 28, 154, 181, 298–299
Villages of Co-operation, 177–178
Villages of Union, 113
Viner, Charles, 276
Vives, Juan Luis, 172
Voltaire, Francois Marie de, 88
Wafer, Lionel, 118
Wages, 42, 82, 94, 100, 101–102, 120, 172–173; assessments, 90; urban, and the rural community, 290 ff.
Wagner, Adolph, 212
Wall Street, 28, 221, 238, 252, 253, 274, 276
War, 15, 158, 175. See also individual wars.
Wealth, 116–117. See also Money.
Webb, Sidney and Beatrice, 121, 143, 287, 294, 298
Weber, Max, 48, 281, 283
Weimar Republic, 247
Western Europe, 25
Westphalia, Treaty of. See Treaty of Münster and Westphalia.
Whately, Bishop, 185
Whitbread’s Bill, 299 ff.
Whitbread’s minimum wage proposal, 112
Wicksell, Knut, 212
Wieser, Friedrich von, 212
Williams, F. E., 301–302
Wilson, Rev. Edward, 297, 300
Wilson, Woodrow, 23, 24
Wissel, Clark, 301
Wood, J., 297
Woollen industry, 36, 39, 77
Working class. See Labour.
Workmen’s Compensation, 153–154
Workmen’s Compensation Act, 153–154
Workers’ Educational Association, 11
World War I, 21–22, 24, 197, 199, 221; compared with World War II, 30
W. P. A. (Works Progress Administration), 288
Wright, Quincy, 273
Young, Arthur, 112, 288, 289
Young, Sir W., 297
Young Plan, 224
Zamindar, 158
Zapotec Indians, 302
Zeisel, Hans, 11