Index

  • absences, business surveys
  • accountancy services
  • accounting standards
  • administrative or secretarial roles, labour patterns
  • advantages/disadvantages of inflation/deflation
  • Africa
  • ageing populations
  • agriculture
  • altruism
  • ‘animal spirits’
  • ASEAN-5, GDP statistics
  • Asia
  • asset purchase facility (APF)
  • Australasia
  • automatic fiscal stabilisers
    • see also fiscal policies
  • average weekly earnings (AWE)

  • balance of payments
    • see also balance of trade; capital account; current account …; financial account; global trade
    • concepts
    • conclusions
    • definition
    • statistics
    • world comparisons
  • balance sheets
  • balance of trade
    • see also current account …; global …; net …
  • balanced Budgets, rarity
  • bank acceptances
  • Bank of England
    • see also Financial Policy Committee; Prudential Regulation Authority
  • Bank of England Agents' Summary of Business Conditions
  • Bank of England Quarterly Inflation Report and Fan Chart (QIR)
  • Bank of England/GfK/NOP Inflation Attitudes Survey
  • bankruptcies
  • banks
  • bargaining issues, earnings
  • baskets of goods and services
  • BCC see British Chambers of Commerce
  • BCC QES see Quarterly Economic Survey
  • behavioural economics
  • biases, surveys
  • Blair, Tony
  • Bloomberg
  • bonds
    • see also corporate …; fixed income securities; government …
  • booms and bust situations
  • borrowings
  • ‘bounded rationality’
  • Brazil
  • Bretton Woods system of fixed exchange rates
  • BRIC economies
    • see also Brazil; China; India; Russia
  • British Chambers of Commerce (BCC)
  • British Retail Consortium (BRC)
  • broad money velocity trends, statistics
  • Brown, Gordon
  • building societies
  • built-in inflation
  • business perceptions
    • see also companies
  • business surveys

  • Callaghan, James
  • Canada
  • capacity
  • capital
  • capital account, definition
  • capital expenditure
    • see also investment …; plant and machinery investments
  • capitalism
  • car manufacturers
  • Carmen, Reinhardt
  • Carney, Mark
  • cash flows
  • CBI Distributive Trades Survey
  • CBI Industrial Trends Survey
  • central banks
  • Central and Eastern Europe, GDP statistics
  • chained volume GDP measures
  • Chancellor of the Exchequer
  • childcare provisions, gender issues
  • childless women, labour markets
  • China
  • circular flow of funds
    • see also gross domestic product
  • Climate Change Levy
  • commercial paper
  • communications services
  • communism
  • companies
    • see also business …; manufacturing sector; services sector
  • comparative advantages
  • competition
  • computer hardware products
  • conclusions
  • confidence intervals, surveys
  • confidence levels see optimism/confidence levels
  • construction sector
  • consumer borrowings
  • Consumer Price Index (CPI)
  • consumer surveys
  • consumers, perceptions
  • consumers' expenditure deflator (CED)
    • see also inflation; taxation
  • consumption
    • see also expenditures
  • contractionary fiscal policies
  • convergence hypothesis
  • Copernicus, Nicolaus
  • corporate bonds
  • cost-push inflation
  • council tax
  • counterparts, money supply
  • CPI (Consumer Price Index)
  • CPIH
  • creative destruction theory of economic growth
  • credit restrictions, flexible employment contracts
  • credit risk
  • credits, balance of payments
  • ‘crowding out’ problems with fiscal policies
  • current account
    • see also balance of trade; invisible …
  • current market prices GDP measure

  • data flows
  • debits, balance of payments
  • Debt Management Office (DMO)
  • decomposition of money supply
  • deficits
  • deflation
  • deflators
  • ‘deleveraging’ processes
  • deliveries, business surveys
  • demand
  • demand-pull inflation
  • demand-supply curves, inflation
  • demographics of labour markets
  • Denmark
  • deposits
  • depreciation (capital consumption) GDP factors
  • developing economies
  • distributive trends
  • diversified global portfolios
  • dividend income
  • domestic orders
  • double-entry bookkeeping, balance of payments

  • earnings
    • inflation
    • statistics
  • East Midlands, unemployment statistics
  • Eastern Europe
  • economic contraction
  • economic depressions
  • economic growth
    • see also gross domestic product
    • determinants
    • history
    • statistics
    • successful economies
  • economic recessions
  • economic recoveries
  • economies of scale
  • education and skills
  • elasticity issues, exports/imports
  • elections
  • emerging markets
  • employment
    • see also earnings; labour …
    • definitions
    • statistics
  • endogenous growth theory
  • energy bills, consumer surveys
  • entrepreneurship, endogenous growth theory
  • equity markets
  • EU Commission, GfK Consumer Confidence Index
  • Europe
  • European Central Bank (ECB)
  • European Free Trade Area (EFTA)
  • ever-changing trade pattern
  • expansionary fiscal policies
  • expectations, inflation
  • expenditures
    • see also consumption
  • exports
  • externalities
  • extraction industry

  • factors of production, definition
  • factory gate input price inflation
  • fan charts, inflation and GDP
  • Federal Reserve
  • fighting inflation
  • financial account
  • Financial Conduct Authority (FCA)
  • financial derivatives
  • financial institutions
  • financial intermediation
  • financial markets
    • see also equity …; fixed income …; foreign exchange …
  • Financial Policy Committee (FPC)
  • Financial Services Authority (FSA)
  • financial services sector
  • fine-tuning fiscal policy adjustments
  • fiscal debt reduction targets
  • fiscal indicators
  • the ‘fiscal mandate’ target of George Osborne
  • fiscal policies
    • critique
    • definitions
    • history
    • statistics
    • terminology
  • fiscal transfers
  • fixed foreign exchange rates
  • fixed income securities
    • see also bonds
  • flexible working contracts
  • food aid
  • food shopping
  • foreign direct investment (FDI)
  • foreign exchange rates
    • history
    • interest rates
  • forward guidance innovation, Monetary Policy Committee
  • France
  • Friedman, Milton
  • FTSE All-Share index
  • FTSE-100
  • fuel payments, consumer surveys

  • GDP see gross domestic product
  • gender issues, labour markets
  • Germany
  • GfK Consumer Confidence Index
  • global financial crisis from 2007
  • global trade
    • see also balance of payments
  • globalisation
  • golden rule of Gordon Brown, the
  • goods price inflation
  • Gordon, Robert J.
  • government bonds
    • see also index-linked gilts; inflation-protected bonds
  • government debt
    • see also fiscal policies
    • definition
    • history
    • statistics
  • government debt interest
  • government spending
  • government surveys
  • governments
  • Great Lakes
  • Greece
  • Greenspan, Alan
  • gross domestic product (GDP)
    • see also economic growth
    • components' list
    • definition
    • formula
    • history
    • releases
    • statistics
    • world comparisons
  • gross value added (GVA)
  • ‘group think’

  • happiness
  • health care entitlements
  • Heath, Edward
  • herd instincts
  • Herndon, Thomas
  • hi-tech sector
  • HICP (Harmonized Index of Consumer Prices)
  • ‘hidden unemployment’
  • HM Treasury
  • ‘hoarding’ strategies, labour markets
  • holiday entitlements
  • Hong Kong
  • hours-worked trends
  • House Price Index (HPI)
  • house prices
  • household saving ratio
  • households
  • housing data
  • human capital economic growth theory
  • human needs
  • Humberside

  • implied profit margins, producer prices
  • imports
  • income
    • see also earnings; profit …
  • income tax
  • incomes policies, inflation
  • index numbers of GDP
  • index-linked gilts
  • India
  • Industrial Revolution
  • industrial trends
  • inflation
    • see also CPI …; HICP …; PPI …; prices; RPI …
    • advantages/disadvantages
    • causes
    • concepts
    • conclusions
    • definition
    • earnings
    • fighting inflation
    • foreign exchange rates
    • history
    • imports
    • interest rates
    • monetary policies
    • spirals
    • statistics
    • targeting policies
  • inflation-protected bonds
  • innovations
  • insurance funds
  • intangibles
  • interest income
  • interest rates
  • International Labour Organisation (ILO)
  • International Monetary Fund (IMF)
  • Internet sales
  • inventories see stocks
  • investment spending
    • see also capital expenditure
    • endogenous growth theory
    • GDP measurement formula
    • history of economic growth
    • optimism/confidence levels
    • statistics
  • invisible (intangibles) account
    • see also current …
  • Ireland
  • island communities/nations trade advantages
  • Italy

  • Jaguar Land Rover
  • Japan
  • Jefferson, Thomas
  • Jobseeker's Allowance (JSA)
  • John Lewis surveys
  • Joseph, Sir Keith

  • Keynes, John Maynard
  • Keynesian economics
  • King, Sir Mervyn
  • knowledge, power
  • Kuznets, Simon

  • Labour Force Survey (LFS)
  • labour markets
    • see also earnings; employment; unemployment
    • ageing populations
    • changes
    • competition
    • composition factors
    • conclusions
    • demographics
    • economic growth
    • flexible contracts
    • gender issues
    • history
    • ‘hoarding’ strategies
    • hours-worked trends
    • low wages
    • NAIRU
    • Phillips curve
    • productivity
    • recruitment difficulties
    • retention of staff
    • sector labour patterns
    • successful economies
    • trends
    • unit labour costs
    • world comparisons
    • youth unemployment
  • lags in changes, interest rates
  • ‘Laspeyres’ indices
  • Latin America and the Caribbean
  • law of diminishing returns
  • ‘law of one price’
  • legal services
  • Lehman Brothers
  • lenders of last resort, central banks
  • liquidity issues
  • living standards
  • Lloyds Bank Business Barometer
  • Lloyds Bank Commercial Banking (LBCM)
  • Lloyds TSB Spending Power Report
  • London
  • low wages in the UK
    • see also earnings

  • M0 (monetary base) measure of money supply
  • M1 measure of money supply
  • M2 measure of money supply
  • M3 measure of money supply
  • M4 measure of money supply
  • M4ex measure of money supply
  • M4L measure of money supply
  • major financial institutions (MFIs)
  • Malthus, Thomas
  • manipulation dangers, data flows
  • manufacturing sector
    • see also companies
    • GDP proportion
    • statistics
  • Mao Tse Tung
  • market surveys, definition
  • measurement standards
  • mergers and acquisitions (M&As)
  • Mexico
  • middle classes, emerging markets
  • Middle East and North Africa
  • migration
  • ‘modern economic growth’
  • monetarism
  • monetary policies
    • conclusions
    • critique
    • failures
    • fiscal policies
    • Thatcher governments
  • Monetary Policy Committee (MPC)
  • monetary statistics
  • money markets
  • money stock
  • money supply
    • see also M0 …; M1 …; M2 …; M3 …; M4 …
  • monthly CBI Industrial Trends Survey
  • mortgage payments
  • motivations
  • motor trade

  • NAIRU
  • National Health Service
  • Nationwide Consumer Confidence Survey
  • natural disasters
  • natural resources
  • negative real interest rates
  • ‘neoclassical growth theory’
  • neoliberalism
  • net domestic product (NDP)
  • net lending/borrowing by sector
  • net trade
    • see also balance of trade
  • Netherlands
  • ‘network effect’, herd instincts
  • New Zealand, inflation targeting
  • newly industrialized Asian economies
  • Nissan
  • North East, unemployment statistics
  • North Sea oil
  • North West
  • Northern Ireland
  • Norway
  • notes, money supply

  • OECD
  • Office for Budget Responsibility (OBR)
  • Office for National Statistics (ONS)
  • Official Reserves
  • oil
  • Olympic/Paralympic Games
  • OMOs see open market operations
  • open market operations (OMOs)
  • open markets, globalisation
  • opinions, surveys
  • optimism/confidence levels
  • orders
  • Organisation of the Petroleum Countries (OPEC)
  • Osborne, George
  • other intermediate financial institutions (OIFIs)
  • output
    • see also gross domestic product
  • output indices
  • overseas
    • financial account
    • investment returns
    • net lending/borrowing by sector

  • ‘Paasche’ indices
  • part-time employment trends
  • pensions
  • personal finance, consumer surveys
  • pharmaceuticals industry
  • Phillips curve
  • ‘placebo’ effects
  • plant and machinery investments
    • see also capital expenditure
  • Plosser, Charles
  • PMI see Purchasing Managers' Index
  • politics
    • see also government …
  • population changes
  • portfolios
  • Portugal
  • poverty
  • PPI (Producer Prices Index)
  • prices
    • see also inflation
    • baskets of goods and services
    • ‘law of one price’
    • quantity theory of money
  • printing money
  • pro-cyclical fiscal policies
  • procurement, business surveys
  • producer prices
  • Producer Prices Index (PPI)
  • product designs, creative destruction theory of economic growth
  • production
  • productivity
    • definition
    • history of economic growth
    • statistics
  • professional employment, labour patterns
  • profit income
    • see also income; returns
  • property rights
  • Prudential Regulation Authority (PRA)
  • public choice theory
  • public sector
    • see also fiscal policies
  • public sector borrowing requirement (PSBR)
  • public sector net borrowing excluding financial interventions (PSNBX)
  • public sector net borrowing (PSNB)
  • public sector net cash requirement (PSNCR)
  • public sector net debt (PSND)
  • purchases
  • Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI)

  • QES see Quarterly Economic Survey (BCC QES)
  • qualitative analysis
  • quality-of-life measures, GDP shortfalls
  • quantitative analysis
  • quantitative easing (QE)
    • history
    • statistics
  • quantity theory of money
  • quarterly CBI Industrial Trends Survey
  • Quarterly Economic Survey (BCC QES)

  • random walks, foreign exchange rates
  • rationality
  • raw materials
  • real disposable income per head
  • recruitment difficulties
  • redundancies
  • regional issues
  • releases of GDP statistics
  • reliability concerns, data flows
  • rents
  • repos (repurchase agreements)
  • Retail Price Index (RPI)
  • retail trade
  • retained earnings
  • retention of staff
  • returns
  • Ricardian equivalence
  • Ricardo, David
  • risk management, globalisation
  • Rogoff, Kenneth
  • Royal Mail pension fund transfer
  • RPI (Retail Price Index)
  • RPIJ
  • RPIX
  • Russia

  • sabbaticals, employment trends
  • sales
  • savings
  • scale of production
  • science and technology
  • Scotland
  • seasonal factors
  • self-employment trends
  • self-fulfilling prophecies
  • self-image
  • sentiments, surveys
  • Service Producer Price Indices (SPPIs)
  • services sector
    • GDP proportion
    • statistics
  • Sheffield Hallam University unemployment measures report
  • sight deposits
  • Singapore
  • small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs)
  • Smith, Adam
  • SNA93 international accounts system, chained volume GDP measures
  • social issues
  • Solow, Robert
  • Solow-Swan neoclassical growth theory
  • South Africa
  • South East, unemployment statistics
  • South West, unemployment statistics
  • Spain
  • specialisation
  • spirals, inflation
  • start-ups
  • stocks
  • strikes, UK
  • Sub-Saharan Africa
  • subsidies
  • successful economies
  • ‘supplementary target’ of George Osborne, the
  • supplier orders
  • supply services
  • supply-side information, business surveys
  • surpluses
  • surveys
    • see also business …; consumer …; government …; household …; market …
  • sustainability rule of Gordon Brown, the

  • targeting policies
  • taxation
    • see also fiscal policies; income …; value added …
  • Taylor rule
  • technical occupations, labour patterns
  • terminology, fiscal policies
  • Thatcher, Margaret
  • Thomson Reuters
  • trade-weighted index (TWI)
  • trading decisions, surveys
  • training and innovation
  • transactions, quantity theory of money
  • transfers, balance of payments
  • transmission channels, QE
  • transport of goods
  • Treasury Bills
  • Treasury Select Committee
  • trends
  • ‘triple dip’ recessions
  • TV licences, consumer surveys

  • UK
    • see also Bank of England
    • balance of payments
    • conclusions
    • fiscal policies
    • future prospects
    • GDP statistics
    • history of economic growth
    • inflation
    • low wages
    • monetary policies
    • part-time employment trends
    • productivity falls
    • unemployment statistics
    • youth unemployment
  • unemployment
    • see also employment; labour markets
    • definitions
    • ‘hidden unemployment’
    • statistics
    • world comparisons
    • youth unemployment
  • unit labour costs
  • US
  • utilities industry

  • vacancies, labour markets
  • value added
  • value added tax (VAT)
  • Vauxhall
  • vehicle excise duties (VEDs)
  • velocity of money circulation
  • volumes of sales, consumers surveys

  • Wales
  • wars
  • welfare benefits
  • well-being measures
  • Western Europe, history of economic growth
  • wholesale trade
  • Wilson, Harold
  • world comparisons

  • Yorkshire
  • youth unemployment

  • ‘zero hours contracts’

Index compiled by Terry Halliday