Chapter One: Conservatism: Interpretations, Ideas, and Principles
1. Oxford English Reference Dictionary, 2nd ed. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1996).
2. Gennaro Malgieri, ed. Conservatori: Da Edmund Burke a Russell Kirk (Milan: Il Minotauro, 2006).
3. Malgieri, ed., Conservatori, 9. Trans. Rachel Stone.
4. Robert Nisbet, Conservatism: Dream and Reality (Soveria Mannelli: Rubbettino, 2012). Trans. Rachel Stone.
5. Giuseppe A. Balistreri, Filosofia della Konservative Revolution: Arthur Moeller van den Bruck (Milan: Lampi di Stampa, 2004), 351. Trans. Rachel Stone.
6. Carlo Mongardini and Maria Luisa Maniscalco, Il pensiero conservatore Interpretazioni, giustificazioni e critiche (Milan: FrancoAngeli, 1999), 15. Trans. Rachel Stone.
7. Mongardini and Maniscalco, Il pensiero conservatore, 20. Trans. Rachel Stone.
8. Gennaro Malgieri, Conservatori europei del Novecento. Un’antologia (Rome: Pagine, 2014), 49. Trans. Rachel Stone.
9. Roger Scruton, How to Be a Conservative (London: Bloomsbury Publishing, 2014), e-book.
10. Scruton, How to Be a Conservative, 107.
11. Roger Scruton, How to Be a Conservative. Trans. from Italian edition by Rachel Stone.
12. Scruton, How to Be a Conservative, 235.
13. Gerd-Klaus Kaltenbrunner, La sfida dei conservatori (Rome: Volpe, 1977), 173. Trans. Rachel Stone.
14. Robert Nisbet, Conservatism: Dream and Reality (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1986), 1–2.
15. Albrecht Jünger, Rivarol. Massime di un conservatore (Milan: Guanda, 1992), 53. Trans. Rachel Stone.
16. Junger, Rivarol.
17. A. Mohler, “Perchè non conservatore?” La Destra 3, 1972. Trans. Rachel Stone.
18. Robert Nisbet, “The Dilemma of Conservatives in a Populist Society,” Policy Review, Spring 1978, 91–104.
19. Robert Nisbet, Conservatism: Dream and Reality (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1986).
20. Nisbet, Conservatism: Dream and Reality, vii.
21. Ibid.
22. Marco Respinti and Russell Kirk, “Dove vanno gli Stati Uniti? La politica estera nordamericana e il ‘Nuovo Ordine Mondiale,’ ” Cristianità, April 1991. Trans. Rachel Stone.
23. Russell Kirk, A Program for Conservatives (Chicago: Henry Regnery Company, 1954), 6.
24. Kirk, A Program for Conservatives. Trans. from the Italian edition by Rachel Stone.
25. Spartaco Pupo, Robert Nisbet e il conservatorismo sociale (Milan: Mimesis, 2012). Trans. Rachel Stone.
26. Robert Nisbet, Conservatism: Dream and Reality (Minneapolis, University of Minnesota Press), 1986.
27. Nisbet, Conservatism: Dream and Reality, 9.
28. Ibid., 11.
29. Benjamin Disraeli, “Letter to the Editor,” Morning Post, August 11, 1843.
30. Nisbet, Conservatism: Dream and Reality, 25.
31. Ibid., 18.
32. Burke, Reflections, quoted in Nisbet, Conservatism: Dream and Reality, 23.
33. Nisbet, Conservatism: Dream and Reality, 34.
34. Alexis de Tocqueville, Democracy in America, quoted in Nisbet, Conservatism: Dream and Reality, 41.
35. Nisbet, Conservatism: Dream and Reality, 44.
36. Ibid., 46.
37. Ibid., 47.
38. Ibid., 57.
39. Ibid., 66.
40. Ibid., 68.
41. Kaltenbrunner, La sfida dei conservatori, 98. Trans. Rachel Stone.
42. Kaltenbrunner, La sfida dei conservatori, 103. Trans. Rachel Stone.
43. Ibid., 109. Trans. Rachel Stone.
44. Ibid., 150. Trans. Rachel Stone.
45. Ibid.
46. Scruton, How to Be a Conservative. Trans. from the Italian edition by Rachel Stone.
47. Adam Wolfson, “Conservatives and neoconservatives,” The Public Interest 154 (2004), 32.
48. Wolfson, “Conservatives and neoconservatives,” 34.
49. Ibid., 48.
50. Ibid., 37.
51. Paul Gottfried and Thomas Fleming, The Conservative Movement. Trans. from the Italian edition by Rachel Stone.
52. Giuseppe Prezzolini, Manifesto dei conservatori (Storia e Letteratura, 2014), 29. Trans. Rachel Stone.
53. Karl Mannheim, Conservatism: A Contribution to the Sociology of Knowledge (New York: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1986), 76–77.
54. Prezzolini, Manifesto dei conservatori, 29. Trans. Rachel Stone.
55. Ibid., 79. Trans. Rachel Stone.
56. Kaltenbrunner, La sfida dei conservatori, Trans. Rachel Stone.
57. Giuseppe Prezzolini, Intervista sulla destra (Rome: Pagine, 2012), 203. Trans. Rachel Stone.
58. Prezzolini, Intervista sulla destra, 141. Trans. Rachel Stone.
59. Jacob L. Talmon, The Origins of Totalitarian Democracy (New York: Frederick A Praeger, Inc., 1960), 69.
60. Balistreri, Filosofia della Konservative Revolution, 325. Trans. Rachel Stone.
61. Mongardini and Maniscalco, Il pensiero conservatore, 11. Trans. Rachel Stone.
62. Prezzolini, Intervista sulla destra, 153. Trans. Rachel Stone.
63. Ibid., 154. Trans. Rachel Stone.
64. Ibid., 155. Trans. Rachel Stone.
65. Ibid., 159. Trans. Rachel Stone.
66. Giuseppe Bedeschi, Storia del pensiero liberale (Soveria Mannelli: Rubbettino, 2015), 9. Trans. Rachel Stone.
67. Giuseppe Bedeschi, Storia del pensiero liberale, 12. Trans. Rachel Stone.
68. Ibid., 30. Trans. Rachel Stone.
69. Anthony Louis Marasco, “Sono i liberali conservatori?” Centro Einaudi, November 12, 2014. Trans. Rachel Stone.
70. Quoted in Bedeschi, Storia del pensiero liberale, 50. Trans. Rachel Stone.
71. Alexis de Tocqueville, Democracy in America (Indianapolis: Liberty Fund Inc., 2012), ebook, 132.
72. Tocqueville, Democracy in America, 404.
73. Ibid., 418.
74. Ibid., 736.
75. Tocqueville, Democracy in America. Trans. Rachel Stone.
76. Robert Nisbet, “Conservatives and Libertarians: Uneasy Cousins,” The Imaginative Conservative, July 15, 2012, https://theimaginativeconservative.org/2012/07/conservatives-and-libertarians-uneasy.html.
77. Nisbet, “Conservatives and Libertarians: Uneasy Cousins.”
78. Ibid.
79. Nisbet, “The Dilemma of Conservatives in a Populist Society,” 91–104.
80. Nisbet, “Conservatives and Libertarians: Uneasy Cousins.”
81. Ibid.
82. Ibid.
83. Ibid.
Chapter Two: British Conservatism
1. Conservatore, partito, in Treccani. Trans. Rachel Stone.
2. Kenneth O. Morgan, Lord Blake: Conservative Party historian and biographer of Disraeli, The Independent, September 25, 2003, https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/lord-blake-755468.html.
3. Robert Blake, Disraeli (London: St. Martin’s Press, 1966).
4. John Henry Newman, Tract 90 (Cambridge: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2009).
5. John Henry Newman, An Essay in Aid of a Grammar of Assent (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004).
6. Edmund Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in France (New Haven: Yale University, 2003).
7. Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in France, xxix.
8. Edmund Burke, Speech on American Taxation, Leopold Classic Library, 2016; Edmund Burke, Speech on Conciliation, Leopold Classic Library, 2016; Edmund Burke, A Letter to the Sheriffs of Bristol, Leopold Classic Library, 2016.
9. Bruce Frohnen, ed., Jeremy Beer, ed., Jeffrey O. Nelson, ed., American Conservatism: An Encyclopedia (Wilmington, ISI Books, 2006), 106.
10. Gennaro Malgieri, ed., Conservatori. Da Edmund Burke a Russell Kirk, 29. Trans. Rachel Stone.
11. Malgieri, ed., Conservatori. Da Edmund Burke a Russell Kirk, 31. Trans. Rachel Stone.
12. Ibid., 32. Trans. Rachel Stone.
13. Ibid., 35. Trans. Rachel Stone.
14. Ibid., 386. Trans. Rachel Stone.
15. Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in France, 65.
16. Ibid., 168, 140.
17. Christopher Dawson, The Formation of Christendom (San Francisco: Ignatius Press, 2008), 14.
18. Dawson, The Formation of Christendom, 73.
19. Gerald J. Russello, “Christopher Dawson–Christ in History”, Catholic Education Resource Center, https://www.catholiceducation.org/en/culture/history/christopher-dawson-christ-in-history.html.
20. Malgieri, ed., Conservatori. Da Edmund Burke a Russell Kirk, 237. Trans. Rachel Stone.
21. J.R.R. Tolkien, The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1981), 122 (e-book).
22. Tolkien, The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien, 71.
23. Humphrey Carpenter, J.R.R. Tolkien: A Biography (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1977), 132.
24. Charles A. Coulombe, “Romantic Conservatives: The Inklings in Their Political Context,” Tumblar House, May 7, 2018, https://www.tumblarhouse.com/blogs/news/romantic-conservatives-the-inklings-in-their-political-context.
25. Jesse Norman, “Michael Oakeshott, conservative thinker who went beyond politics,” New Statesman, April 17, 2014, https://www.newstatesman.com/politics/2014/04/michael-oakeshott-conservative-thinker-who-went-beyond-politics.
26. Roger Scruton, The Meaning of Conservatism (Totowa, NJ: Barnes and Nobles Book, 1980), 11.
27. Roger Scruton, The West and the Rest: Globalization and the Terrorist Threat (Wilmington, DE: ISI Books, 2002), 159.
28. Roger Scruton, How to Be a Conservative (London: Bloomsbury Publishing, 2014), 6 (e-book).
29. Scruton, How to Be a Conservative, 7, e-book.
30. Ibid., 20.
31. Ibid., 24.
32. Ibid., 34.
33. Ibid., 44.
34. Ibid., 49.
35. Ibid., 53.
36. Ibid., 61.
37. Ibid., 68.
38. Ibid., 79.
39. Ibid., 81.
40. Ibid., 85.
41. Ibid., 95.
42. Ibid., 116.
43. Ibid., 120.
44. Ibid., 124.
45. Ibid., 139.
46. Ibid., 172.
47. Ibid., 178.
48. Ibid., 182.
49. Ibid., 184.
50. Ibid., 195.
51. Ibid., 207.
52. Ibid.
53. Ibid., 209.
54. Ibid., 221.
55. Ibid., 236.
56. Roger Scruton, A Political Philosophy: Arguments for Conservatism (London: Continuum International Publishing Group, 2006), 34.
57. Scruton, A Political Philosophy: Arguments for Conservatism, 2.
58. Ibid., 10.
59. Ibid., 24.
60. Ibid., 33.
61. Ibid., 45.
62. Ibid., 37.
63. Ibid., 38.
64. Ibid., 86.
65. Ibid., 95.
66. Ibid., 117.
67. Ibid., 150.
68. Ibid., 155.
69. Roger Scruton, A Political Philosophy: Arguments for Conservatism, trans. from the Italian edition by Rachel Stone.
Chapter Three: German, Austrian, and Prussian Conservatism
1. Heimo Schwilk, Ernst Jünger. Una vita lunga un secolo (Cantalupa: Effatà, 2013), 78.
2. Ernst Nolte, La rivoluzione conservatrice nella Germania della Repubblica di Weimar, ed. L. Iannore, 38. Trans. Rachel Stone.
3. Nolte, La rivoluzione conservatrice nella Germania della Repubblica di Weimar, 57. Trans. Rachel Stone.
4. Ibid., 39. Trans. Rachel Stone.
5. Gennaro Malgieri, ed., Conservatori. Da Edmund Burke a Russell Kirk, 63. Trans. Rachel Stone.
6. Malgieri, ed., Conservatori. Da Edmund Burke a Russell Kirk, 64. Trans. Rachel Stone.
7. Carl Jacob Burckhardt, Gestalten und Machte (Zurich, Manesse, 1961), 333. Trans. Rachel Stone.
8. Malgieri, ed., Conservatori. Da Edmund Burke a Russell Kirk, 105. Trans. Rachel Stone.
9. Ibid., 106. Trans. Rachel Stone.
10. “Thomas Mann” entry in Treccani. Trans. Rachel Stone.
11. Thomas Mann, I Buddenbrook. Decadenza di una famiglia. Trans. Rachel Stone.
12. Mann, I Buddenbrook. Decadenza di una famiglia. Trans. Rachel Stone.
13. Britta Böhler, The Decision. Trans Rachel Stone.
14. Böhler, The Decision. Trans. Rachel Stone.
15. Ezio Mauro, “Thomas Mann, nella notte d’Europa il dilemma tra silenzio e denuncia del male,” la Repubblica, May 28, 2016. Trans. Rachel Stone.
16. Malgieri, ed., Conservatori. Da Edmund Burke a Russell Kirk, 161. Trans. Rachel Stone.
17. Nolte, La rivoluzione conservatrice nella Germania della Repubblica di Weimar, 22. Trans. Rachel Stone.
18. Malgieri, ed., Conservatori. Da Edmund Burke a Russell Kirk, 141. Trans. Rachel Stone.
19. Arthur Moeller van den Bruck, Germany’s Third Empire (New York: Howard Fertig, 1971), 201.
20. Malgieri, ed., Conservatori. Da Edmund Burke a Russell Kirk, 144. Trans. Rachel Stone.
21. Ibid., 152, Trans. Rachel Stone.
22. Ibid., 153, Trans. Rachel Stone.
23. Ibid., 157, Trans. Rachel Stone.
24. Gennaro Malgieri, Conservatori europei del Novecento. Un’antologia, 133. Trans. Rachel Stone.
25. Carlo Mongardini and Maria Luisa Maniscalco, Il pensiero conservatore Interpretazioni, giustificazioni e critiche (Milan: FrancoAngeli, 1999), 24. Trans. Rachel Stone.
26. Mongardini and Maniscalco, Il pensiero conservatore, 27. Trans. Rachel Stone.
27. Ibid., 107. Trans. Rachel Stone.
28. Ibid., 108. Trans. Rachel Stone.
29. Ibid., 111. Trans. Rachel Stone.
30. Corrado Malandrino, “Il pensiero di Roberto Michels sull’oligarchia, la classe politica e il capo carismatico from Corso di sociologia politica (1927) ai Nuovi studi sulla classe politica (1936)”, in POLIS Working Papers n. 165, May 2010.
31. Malandrino, “Il pensiero di Roberto Michels,” 183. Trans. Rachel Stone.
32. Malgieri, ed., Conservatori. Da Edmund Burke a Russell Kirk, 186. Trans. Rachel Stone.
33. Giovanni Franchi, “Critica dell’individualismo,” in Società italiana di filosofia politica. Trans. Rachel Stone.
34. Giovanni Franchi, “Othmar Spann tra idealismo e filosofia cristiana,” fondazionejuliusevola.it. Trans. Rachel Stone.
35. Oswald Spengler, Il tramonto dell’Occidente (Milan: Longanesi, 2015). Trans. Rachel Stone.
36. Nolte, La rivoluzione conservatrice nella Germania della Repubblica di Weimar, 28. Trans. Rachel Stone.
37. “Oswald Spengler” entry in Treccani. Trans. Rachel Stone.
38. Franco Cardini, “Spengler, profeta del XXI secolo,” Avvenire, September 1, 2008. Trans. Rachel Stone.
39. Marcello Veneziani, “Il ‘Tramonto’ di Spengler. Alba del (neo) pessimism,” Il Giornale, August 11, 2014. Trans. Rachel Stone.
40. Veneziani, “Il ‘Tramonto’ di Spengler. Alba del (neo) pessimism.” Trans. Rachel Stone.
41. Marcello Veneziani, “Il Machiavelli del ’900 contro il potere di tecnici e finanza. Spoliticizzazione e predominio dell’economia e del falso umanitarismo: ecco le profezie (avverate) di Carl Schmitt,” in Il Giornale, November 26, 2012. Trans. Rachel Stone.
42. Antonio Gnoli, Franco Volpi, “L’imputato Carl Schmitt,” in la Repubblica, February 28, 2013. Trans. Rachel Stone.
43. Marco Ravera, Introduzione a il tradizionalismo francese, 126. Trans. Rachel Stone.
44. Raymond Aron, Memorie: 50 anni di riflessione politica (Milan: Mondadori, 1985). Trans. Rachel Stone.
45. Nolte, La rivoluzione conservatrice nella Germania della Repubblica di Weimar. Trans. Rachel Stone.
46. Malgieri, Conservatori europei del Novecento. Un’antologia. Trans. Rachel Stone.
47. Carl Schmitt, Political Romanticism, (Cambridge: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1986), 109.
48. Carl Schmitt, Donoso Cortés interpretato in una prospettiva paneuropea (Milan: Adelphi, 1996). Trans. Rachel Stone.
49. Nolte, La rivoluzione conservatrice nella Germania della Repubblica di Weimar. Trans. Rachel Stone.
50. Karl Mannheim, Ideologia e utopia, xxvi. Trans. Rachel Stone.
51. Karl Mannheim, Conservatism: A Contribution to the Sociology of Knowledge (New York: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1986), 73.
52. Karl Mannheim, Conservatism: A Contribution to the Sociology of Knowledge, 99.
53. Ibid., 100.
54. Carmelina Chiara Canta, Ricostruire la società. Teoria del mutamento sociale in Karl Mannheim, 14. Trans. Rachel Stone.
55. Nolte, La rivoluzione conservatrice nella Germania della Repubblica di Weimar, 39. Trans. Rachel Stone.
56. Ernst Jünger, L’operaio (Milan: Guanda, 1990).
57. Gerd-Klaus Kaltenbrunner, La sfida dei conservatori (Rome: Volpe, 1977), 185. Trans. Rachel Stone.
58. Ernst Jünger, Nelle tempeste d’acciaio, vii. Trans. Rachel Stone.
59. Heimo Schwilk, Ernst Jünger. Una vita lunga un secolo, 283. Trans. Rachel Stone.
60. Schwilk, Ernst Jünger. Una vita lunga un secolo, 40. Trans. Rachel Stone.
61. Ernst Jünger, “Rivoluzione e Idea,” in Volkischer Beobachter, September 23–24, 1923. Trans. Rachel Stone.
62. Schwilk, Ernst Jünger. Una vita lunga un secolo, 314. Trans. Rachel Stone.
63. Ernst Jünger, “Il soldato del fronte e la politica interna,” Die Standarte, November 29, 1925. Trans. Rachel Stone.
64. Schwilk, Ernst Jünger. Una vita lunga un secolo, 341. Trans. Rachel Stone.
65. Ernst Jünger, “Il nazionalismo,” Die Standarte, April 1, 1926. Trans. Rachel Stone.
66. Schwilk, Ernst Jünger. Una vita lunga un secolo, 409. Trans. Rachel Stone.
67. Ibid., 528. Trans. Rachel Stone.
68. Ibid., 564. Trans. Rachel Stone.
69. Ibid., 181. Trans. Rachel Stone.
70. Letter to Hans Speidel on March 4, 1958. Trans. Rachel Stone.
71. Schwilk, Ernst Jünger. Una vita lunga un secolo, 672. Trans. Rachel Stone.
72. Diego Fusaro, Presentazione del pensiero, in Filosofico.net. Trans. Rachel Stone.
73. Leo Strauss, Natural Right and History (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1965), 5–6.
74. A. Sangalli, Antichi e moderni, Filosofico.net. Trans. Rachel Stone.
75. Arnold Gehlen, L’uomo delle origini e la tarda cultura (Milan: Mimesis, 2016). Trans. Rachel Stone.
76. Kaltenbrunner, La sfida dei conservatori, 10. Trans. Rachel Stone.
77. Ibid., 14. Trans. Rachel Stone.
78. Ibid., 15. Trans. Rachel Stone.
Chapter Four: French Conservatism
1. Gennaro Malgieri, ed., Conservatori Da Edmund Burke a Russell Kirk, 132. Trans. Rachel Stone.
2. Ernst Nolte, La rivoluzione conservatrice nella Germania della Repubblica di Weimar, ed. L. Iannore, 6. Trans. Rachel Stone.
3. Nolte, La rivoluzione conservatrice nella Germania della Repubblica di Weimar, 13.
4. Ibid.
5. Carl Schmitt, Donoso Cortés (Milan: Adelphi, 1996). Trans. Rachel Stone.
6. Marco Ravera, Introduzione al tradizionalismo francese, 23. Trans. Rachel Stone.
7. Ravera, Introduzione al tradizionalismo francese, 29. Trans. Rachel Stone.
8. Ibid., 39. Trans. Rachel Stone.
9. Joseph de Maistre, The Pope: Considered in His Relations with the Church, Temporal Sovereignties, Separated Churches, and the Cause of Civilization (London: C. Dolman, 1850). Trans. Rachel Stone.
10. Ernst Jünger, Rivarol Massime di un conservatore. Trans. Rachel Stone.
11. Jünger, Rivarol Massime di un conservatore, 43. Trans. Rachel Stone.
12. Ibid., 60. Trans. Rachel Stone.
13. Malgieri, ed., Conservatori Da Edmund Burke a Russell Kirk, 60. Trans. Rachel Stone.
14. Stenio Solinas, “Il cristianesimo è meglio. Parola di Chateaubriand,” in Il Giornale, December 9, 2014. Trans. Rachel Stone.
15. Hugues Felicité Robert de Lamennais, Oeuvres complètes (Paris: Paul Daubree et Cailleux Editeurs, 1836), 130. Trans. Rachel Stone.
16. Robert Nisbet, The Sociological Tradition (New York: Basic Books, 1966), 114–15.
17. Spartaco Pupo, Robert Nisbet e il conservatorismo sociale, 117. Trans. Rachel Stone.
18. Ravera, Introduzione al tradizionalismo francese, 86. Trans. Rachel Stone.
19. Ibid., 93. Trans. Rachel Stone.
20. Alessandro Massobrio, “Jules Amédée Barbey d’Aurevilly,” santibeati.it/dettaglio/95078. Trans. Rachel Stone.
21. Massobrio, “Jules Amédée Barbey d’Aurevilly.” Trans. Rachel Stone.
22. Eugène Tavernier, “Louis Veuillot” entry in The Catholic Encyclopedia, Vol. 15 (New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1912), http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15394b.htm.
23. Gustave Le Bon, The Crowd: A Study of the Popular Mind (London: T. Fisher Unwin, 1903), 19.
24. Carlo Mongardini and Maria Luisa Maniscalco, Il pensiero conservatore Interpretazioni, giustificazioni e critiche (Milan: FrancoAngeli, 1999), 37. Trans. Rachel Stone.
25. Georg Simmel, “Comment les formes sociales se maintiennent”, L’Année Sociologique, Première Année (1896–1897), (Paris: Félix Alcan, 1898), 71–107. Trans. Rachel Stone.
26. Henri Vaugeois, L’Action française, conférence du 20 juin 1899 (Paris: Bureaux de l’Action française, 1899). Trans. Rachel Stone.
27. Barbara Carnevali, “Aura e Ambiance: Léon Daudet tra Proust e Benjamin,” Rivista de Estetica 46 no. 3, (2006), 117–41. Trans. Rachel Stone.
28. Franco Pintore, Maurras (Rome: Volpe, 1965), 54. Trans. Rachel Stone.
29. Pintore, Maurras, 76. Trans. Rachel Stone.
30. Ibid. Trans. Rachel Stone.
31. Ibid., 16. Trans. Rachel Stone.
32. Ibid., 23. Trans. Rachel Stone.
33. Malgieri, ed., Conservatori Da Edmund Burke a Russell Kirk, 133. Trans. Rachel Stone.
34. Ibid., 136. Trans. Rachel Stone.
35. Jacques Maritain, Per una filosofia dell’educazione. Trans. Rachel Stone.
36. Daniele Zappalà, “Giù le mani da Bernanos,” Avvenire, December 17, 2015. Trans. Rachel Stone.
37. Francesco Perfetti, “La modernità di Bernanos, conservatore incompreso,” Il Giornale, March 16, 2014. Trans. Rachel Stone.
38. Malgieri, ed., Conservatori Da Edmund Burke a Russell Kirk, 275. Trans. Rachel Stone.
39. Ibid., 279. Trans. Rachel Stone.
40. Giovanni Cantoni, “Un contro-rivoluzionario cattolico iberoamericano nell’età della Rivoluzione culturale: il “vero reazionario” postmoderno Nicolás Gómez Dávila,” Cristianità no. 298, (2000). Trans. Rachel Stone.
41. Marcello Veneziani, “Nicolás Gómez Dávila, l’oscurantista luminoso che casellava le parole,” Il Giornale, May 13, 2013.
Chapter Five: Spanish Conservatism
1. Gabriele Fergola, Storia della destra spagnola (Rome: Ciarrapico, 1979). Trans. Rachel Stone.
2. Fergola, Storia della destra spagnola, 45. Trans. Rachel Stone.
3. Ibid., 83. Trans. Rachel Stone.
4. Ibid., 25. Trans. Rachel Stone.
5. Ibid., 29. Trans. Rachel Stone.
6. Carl Schmitt, Donoso Cortés (Milan: Adelphi, 1950), 59. Trans. Rachel Stone.
7. Schmitt, Donoso Cortés, 59. Trans. Rachel Stone.
8. Juan Donoso Cortés, Saggio sul cattolicesimo, il liberalismo e il socialismo, 395.
9. Schmitt, Donoso Cortés, 34. Trans. Rachel Stone.
10. Marco Ravera, Introduzione al tradizionalismo francese, 10. Trans. Rachel Stone.
11. Donoso Cortés, Saggio sul cattolicesimo, il liberalismo e il socialismo. Trans. Rachel Stone.
12. Fergola, Storia della destra spagnola, 68. Trans. Rachel Stone.
13. Ibid., 72. Trans. Rachel Stone.
14. Ibid., 49. Trans. Rachel Stone.
15. Ibid., 62. Trans. Rachel Stone.
16. Bruce Frohnen, ed., American Conservatism: An Encyclopedia, 761.
17. “Santayana, George” entry in Treccani. Trans. Rachel Stone.
18. Fergola, Storia della destra spagnola, 78. Trans. Rachel Stone.
19. Gennaro Malgieri, ed., Conservatori Da Edmund Burke a Russell Kirk, 221. Trans. Rachel.
20. Malgieri, ed., Conservatori Da Edmund Burke a Russell Kirk, 316. Trans. Rachel Stone.
21. Ibid., 318. Trans. Rachel Stone.
22. Francisco Elias de Tejada y Spínola, La monarchia tradizionale (Turin: Edizioni Dell’albero, 1966). Trans. Rachel Stone.
Chapter Six: Britain’s Heir: American Conservatism
1. Gerd-Klaus Kaltenbrunner, La sfida dei conservatori, 67. Trans. Rachel Stone.
2. Kaltenbrunner, La sfida dei conservatori, 68. Trans. Rachel Stone.
3. Freidrich A. Hayek, The Constitution of Liberty (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2011), 689 (e-book).
4. Spartaco Pupo, Robert Nisbet e il conservatorismo sociale, 33. Trans. Rachel Stone.
5. Jean-Jacques Rousseau, The Social Contract, (New Haven: Yale University, 2002), 173 (e-book).
6. Gennaro Malgieri, ed., Conservatori Da Edmund Burke a Russell Kirk, 242. Trans. Rachel Stone.
7. Roger Scruton, A Political Philosophy: Arguments for Conservatism (New York: Continuum International Publishing Group, 2006), 194.
8. Roger Scruton, A Political Philosophy: Arguments for Conservatism (New York: Continuum International Publishing Group, 2006), 201.
9. T.S. Eliot, The Idea of a Christian Society, 13.
10. Malgieri, ed., Conservatori. Da Edmund Burke a Russell Kirk, 312. Trans. Rachel Stone.
11. Spartaco Pupo, Robert Nisbet e il conservatorismo sociale, 132. Trans. Rachel Stone.
12. Robert Nisbet, “Conservatives and Libertarians: Uneasy Cousins,” The Imaginative Conservative, July 15, 2012, https://theimaginativeconservative.org/2012/07/conservatives-and-libertarians-uneasy.html.
13. Robert Nisbet, “Still Questing,” The Intercollegiate Review, Fall 1993, https://isistatic.org/journal-archive/ir/29_01/nisbet.pdf.
14. Carlo Mongardini and Maria Luisa Maniscalco, Il pensiero conservatore Interpretazioni, giustificazioni e critiche, 29. Trans. Rachel Stone.
15. Malgieri, ed., Conservatori Da Edmund Burke a Russell Kirk, 386. Trans. Rachel Stone.
16. Thomas Molnar, The Counter-Revolution (New York: Funk & Wagnalls, 1969), 201.
17. Molnar, The Counter-Revolution, 201.
18. Bruce Frohnen, ed., American Conservatism: An Encyclopedia, 602.
19. Samuel Huntington, “Conservatism as an Ideology,” The American Political Science Review 51, (1957), 454–61, 470–73.
20. Bruce Frohnen, ed., American Conservatism: An Encyclopedia, 179.
21. Barry Goldwater, The Conscience of a Conservative (Shepherdsville, KY: Victor Publishing Company, Inc., 1960), 6.
22. Goldwater, The Conscience of a Conservative, 37.
23. Ibid., 22.
24. Ibid., 62.
25. Ibid., 66.
26. Ibid., 70.
27. Ibid., 78.
Chapter Seven: Italian Conservatism
1. Giuseppe Prezzolini, Intervista sulla destra, 17. Trans. Rachel Stone.
2. Prezzolini, Intervista sulla destra, 18. Trans. Rachel Stone.
3. Armando Torno, Il paradosso dei conservatori (Milan: Bompiani, 2011), 6. Trans. Rachel Stone.
4. Torno, Il paradosso dei conservatori, 9. Trans. Rachel Stone.
5. Ibid., 12. Trans. Rachel Stone.
6. Ibid., 19. Trans. Rachel Stone.
7. Vincenzo Cuoco, Saggio storico sulla rivoluzione di Napoli (Rome: Laterza, 2014), 55. Trans. Rachel Stone.
8. Marcello Veneziani, La rivoluzione conservatrice in Italia (Milan: Sugarco, 2012), 34. Trans. Rachel Stone.
9. Eugenio Garin, Cronache di filosofia italiana 1900-1943 (Rome: Laterza, 1966).
10. Carlo Mongardini and Maria Luisa Maniscalco, Il pensiero conservatore Interpretazioni, giustificazioni e critiche, 113. Trans. Rachel Stone.
11. “Benito Mussolini,” Il popolo d’Italia, March 23, 1921. Trans. Rachel Stone.
12. Marcello Veneziani, La rivoluzione conservatrice in Italia, 98. Trans. Rachel Stone.
13. Stefan Breuer, La rivoluzione conservatrice Il pensiero di destra nella Germania di Weimar. Trans. Rachel Stone.
14. Breuer, La rivoluzione conservatrice Il pensiero di destra nella Germania di Weimar, 101. Trans. Rachel Stone.
15. Ibid., 108. Trans. Rachel Stone.
16. Veneziani, La rivoluzione conservatrice in Italia, 66. Trans. Rachel Stone.
17. Ibid., 70. Trans. Rachel Stone.
18. Ibid., 72. Trans. Rachel Stone.
19. Malgieri, ed., Conservatori Da Edmund Burke a Russell Kirk, 69. Trans. Rachel Stone.
20. Ibid., 70. Trans. Rachel Stone.
21. Ibid., 74. Trans. Rachel Stone.
22. Diego Fusaro, ed., “Vilfredo Pareto,” http://www.filosofico.net/pareto.htm. Trans. Rachel Stone.
23. Luciano Simonelli, Mario Missiroli: il più rivoluzionario dei conservatori (Milan: Simonelli editore, 2013). Trans. Rachel Stone.
24. Mongardini and Maniscalco, Il pensiero conservatore Interpretazioni, giustificazioni e critiche, 74. Trans. Rachel Stone.
25. Ibid., 83. Trans. Rachel Stone.
26. Senato del Regno, Atti parlamentari. Discussioni, December 11, 1931. Trans. Rachel Stone.
27. Alfredo Rocco, Scritti e discorsi politici, vol. II (Milan: Giuffrè, 1938), 631. Trans. Rachel Stone.
28. Giuseppe Prezzolini, “La nostra promessa,” La Voce, December 27, 1908. Trans. Rachel Stone.
29. Gennaro Sangiuliano, Giuseppe Prezzolini L’anarchico conservatore, 237. Trans. Rachel Stone.
30. Giuseppe Prezzolini, Manifesto dei conservatori, xiii. Trans. Rachel Stone.
31. Sangiuliano, Giuseppe Prezzolini L’anarchico conservatore, 156. Trans. Rachel Stone.
32. Veneziani, La rivoluzione conservatrice in Italia, 147. Trans. Rachel Stone.
33. Ibid., 162. Trans. Rachel Stone.
34. Ibid., 401. Trans. Rachel Stone.
35. Sangiuliano, Giuseppe Prezzolini L’anarchico conservatore. Trans. Rachel Stone.
36. Prezzolini, Manifesto dei conservatori, vii. Trans. Rachel Stone.
37. Ibid., 10. Trans. Rachel Stone.
38. Ibid., 12. Trans. Rachel Stone.
39. Ibid., 13. Trans. Rachel Stone.
40. Ibid., 16. Trans. Rachel Stone.
41. Sangiuliano, Giuseppe Prezzolini L’anarchico conservatore, 426. Trans. Rachel Stone.
42. Prezzolini, Manifesto dei conservatori, 44. Trans. Rachel Stone.
43. Ibid., 69. Trans. Rachel Stone.
44. Ibid. Trans. Rachel Stone.
45. Ibid., 78. Trans. Rachel Stone.
46. Ibid., 79. Trans. Rachel Stone.
47. Ibid., 89. Trans. Rachel Stone.
48. Panfilo Gentile, Democrazie mafiose (Milan: Ponte alle Grazie, 2005). Trans. Rachel Stone.
49. Paolo Granzotto, “Panfilo Gentile. L’eresia liberale,” Il Giornale, August 11, 2005. Trans. Rachel Stone.
50. Gentile, Democrazie mafiose. Trans. Rachel Stone.
51. Francesco Perfetti, “Ansaldo, un eretico conservatore,” Il Giornale, November 2, 1914. Trans. Rachel Stone.
52. Leo Longanesi, “La provincial,” Gazzetta del Popolo, March 6, 1949. Trans. Rachel Stone.
53. Leo Longanesi, “Il successo della vita,” L’Italiano 14 (1933). Trans. Rachel Stone.
54. Leo Longanesi, “Non ci salveranno più,” Il Borghese 2, January 13, 1956. Trans. Rachel Stone.
55. Leo Longanesi, “Non ci salveranno più,” Trans. Rachel Stone.
56. Annalisa Terranova, “L’anniversario che la destra ha dimenticato: trent’anni fa moriva l’editore Giovanni Volpe,” Il Secolo d’Italia, August 4, 2014. Trans. Rachel Stone.
57. Dino Messina, “Montanelli, conservatore rivoluzionario. La seconda vita: 1958-2001,” in Corriere della Sera, June 18, 2009. Trans. Rachel Stone.
58. Marco Travaglio, Montanelli e il Cavaliere (Milan: Garzanti, 2004), 148. Trans. Rachel Stone.
59. Travaglio, Montanelli e il Cavaliere, 255. Trans. Rachel Stone.
60. Luciano Lanna and Filippo Rossi, Fascisti immaginari (Florence: Vallecchi, 2003), 311. Trans. Rachel Stone.
61. “Ennio Flaiano, vita e opere di un marziano in Italia,” Il Giornale, November 28, 2010.
62. Ennio Flaiano, La solitudine del satiro (Milan: Rizzoli, 1973), 228. Trans. Rachel Stone.