One billionth of a second. Informally, the shortest conceivable period of time. Nay, no second is shorter than a nanosecond.
It just takes a nanosecond for a car accident to happen, so please be focused and careful.
The ability to manipulate materials on a very small scale, with the goal of building microscopic objects such as machinery. The science of building devices, such as electronic circuits, from individual atoms and molecules.
It is believed that someday nanotechnology will make organ transplantation unnecessary.
Excessive self-admiration and self-centeredness; being possessed by self-love. In medicine, a personality disorder characterized by an overestimation of one’s appearance and abilities, and an excessive need for admiration.
Narcissism goes well beyond confidence and positive thought; it’s quite obvious and disturbing.
A disorder characterized by frequent, brief, and uncontrollable bouts of deep sleep.
While stories about people with narcolepsy can be quite funny, the disorder is truly nothing to laugh at.
Story or account of a sequence of events, presented in the order in which they happened. The art of telling a story or giving a vivid account of something. The portion of a literary work concerned with telling a story.
The art of the narrative is a writing talent that must be nurtured.
Emerging. Refers to the early stages of coming into existence.
After the revolution, the nascent republic had few if any established democratic traditions, so much work needed to be done.
An acronym for “National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation System,” a collection of publicly traded stocks that includes a lot of high-tech companies. The electronic communications system that links all over-the-counter securities dealers to form a national market.
Each day economists analyze NASDAQ trading to determine the nature of the market.
Proud loyalty and devotion to a nation; in particular, excessive devotion to a nation and belief it is superior to all others. The desire to achieve independence, particularly by a country under foreign control.
Nationalism can be positive when celebrating good, but too often it is an excuse for terrorism and harm.
An acronym for “North Atlantic Treaty Organization,” an international organization established after World War II to promote mutual defense and collective security for the United States and Western Europe.
Since the fall of the Soviet Union,NATO has expanded dramatically to include nations that were once considered foes.
Neat and fashionable appearance or dress. A natty dresser would never wear clothes that looked ratty.
Jayson’s natty attire was always a welcome sight, especially in comparison to those of his friends who didn’t seem to care about their appearance.
A theory developed by Charles Darwin to explain the evolution of species, also known as “survival of the fittest.” The organisms best suited to survive in a particular environment reproduce in greater numbers than others that are less well suited, thus creating future generations of better-adapted offspring.
Eventually,natural selection survived as the accepted theory, yet it remains controversial to those who accept creationism.
Passable by ship or boat; waters deep and wide enough to allow vessels to pass. Able to be steered or controlled.
Prior to backing out of the crammed parking lot, Dennis first determined that it was navigable.
Someone who votes no or who speaks against something. Naysayer Jay says “No,” “Never,” and “Nay” every day.
She was always so negative that it became easy to call her a naysayer.
Unclear, vague, cloudy, or hazy. Relating to or resembling a nebula (a cloud of dust or gas in interstellar space).
Some students thought the professor’s lectures were too nebulous, so they depended upon the textbook to study for exams.
The practice of attempting to communicate with the spirits of the dead in order to predict or influence the future. Witchcraft or sorcery in general.
Necromancy seems impossible, yet many who want so much to communicate with dead loved ones, and who hope to foretell the future, still believe.
A lazy and irresponsible person. You will do well to ne’er get called this word.
Lindsay’s parents thought her fiancé was a ne’er-do-well, and they tried to tell her so.
Utterly immoral, wicked, unjust, or evil.
The documents were classified as Top Secret for fear that the information they contained could be used for nefarious acts.
Habitually careless or irresponsible. Guilty of failing to provide a proper or reasonable level of care.
Investigators deemed that the nursing home staff had not been negligent and thus was not responsible for the accident.
A bitter enemy, especially one who seems unbeatable. An opponent motivated by revenge; one who will stop at nothing to settle a score or inflict punishment.
Although he fought many other criminals, Batman’s nemesis was truly the Joker.
Nemesis — Nemesis was the Greek goddess of justice or revenge, and her name comes from the Greek for vengeance. Thus, nemesismeans anyone who avenges or punishes.
A beginner or novice at some task or endeavor. Someone who has recently converted or who has recently joined a religious order but has not yet taken vows to join an order. A veteran boxer might be glad to fight a neophyte.
Freshmen are truly neophytes to college, but they manage to adjust and learn very quickly.
Favoritism shown by someone in power to relatives and friends in professional matters, especially when appointing them to good positions.
When senior managers all share the last name of a company’s founder, it’s unusual if no one is accused of nepotism.
A set of rules for communicating properly in the electronic communication environment known as the World Wide Web, most often when using e-mail or instant message capabilities.
There should be a class in netiquette, but it would most likely be an online course.
Related to or located in a nerve or the nervous system.
When studying biology, the students were very interested in learning about neural anatomy and connections.
A new user of the Internet, or someone new to any circumstance, organization, or institution.
Those planning the orientation session thought the term “ newbie” was appropriate, so it became the theme for the program.
A connection or link; also a group or series of connected people or things. The center or focus. If you’ve ever been hit in the solar plexus, you know it’s the nexus of your ability to breathe.
For many, a shared love of sports is the nexus of their friendship and the inspiration for many conversations.
The belief that life is pointless and human values worthless. A belief that there is no objective basis for truth, or a belief that all authority is corrupt and must be destroyed to build a just society. The word annihilatecomes from the same roots, meaning “nothing.”
Some believe that Henry David Thoreau, who wroteWalden, recounting his life celebrating nature and his ability to live independent of society, was an advocate of nihilism.
The basic and most important details of something. The thing or approach that is most practical, direct, and down to earth.
The coach believed wins were a result of paying attention to the nitty-gritty, so he always began practice with rudimentary drills.
The idea that people born to nobility or upper classes must behave generously toward those less privileged. From the French for “nobility obliges.”
Many of the most famous foundations, named for the wealthiest families, like Carnegie and Rockefeller, were founded on the principle of noblesse oblige.
Occurring at night, in the dark, active during the night. The antonym of diurnal,which describes things that happen during the day.
Once puberty kicks in, it seems that teenagers turn into members of a nocturnal species.
Member of a group that moves from place to place, in search of pasture, food, or water. Someone who wanders from one place to another.
The player, who was just traded to his third team in one season, seemed like a nomad.
Pseudonym; the name used by a writer instead of his or her real name. French for “pen name.”
Authors who write romance novels often use a nom de plume, for they are a bit embarrassed to be associated with this genre.
Name or designation; the act of naming. A system of names for purposes of organization. A system of names created to describe a new scientific or artistic discipline. The nomenclature of the Internet includes terms like “pop-up,” “hyperlink,” and “bandwidth.”
Upon entering graduate school, Mark realized that he had to learn an entire new nomenclature if he was to succeed.
Mixed feeling of happiness, sadness, and longing when recalling persons, places, or events of the past. Something intended to arouse feelings associated with the past. A longing for home or family when away.
Buying and selling items that inspire nostalgia has become a very lucrative business.
To certify something, like a signature on a legal document, and verify to its authenticity. To certify or attest to the validity of a signature on a document as a notary public.
Paralegals who are also notaries might notarize hundreds of documents each week.
A class of people whose extreme wealth has been recently earned, often a former member of a lower or middle class who ostentatiously displays newly acquired trappings of wealth. Also a member of this class.
Anyone who disdains the nouveau riche must hate the way these people just keep smiling — all the way to the bank.
Harmful to life or health; poisonous. Likely to cause moral or spiritual harm; corrupting or debilitating influence. As a teenager, you encounter many things that smell this way. Think locker room, sweat socks, or a long-forgotten tuna sandwich.
The noxious gas was odorless and almost invisible, so it was stored very carefully.
A very slight difference in meaning, tone, color, or feeling. Awareness or ability to express subtle shades, meanings, and feelings, as in an artist or performer.
Jim’s ability to see the nuances in certain photographs made him an exceptional magazine editor.
Having no legal validity; of no value or importance. Amounting to nothing in terms of context or character. At the level of zero or nothing.
The judge ruled that, in the context of this trial, all of the attorney’s objections were null.
To make something legally invalid or ineffective; to cancel something out.
Once the deadline passed, without payment being made, Jane could nullify the contract with a simple phone call.
Someone who studies or collects coins, paper money, or medals.
I guess it takes money to become a numismatist.
Related to marriage or weddings.
Renting a tuxedo always seemed nuptial to Stephen, even if he was just doing so for a formal dance.
A condition of extreme excess body fat. Technically, a body weight that is 20 percent or more higher than recommended for that person’s height.
Obesity is becoming a serious issue for America’s youth.
To make something unclear or obscure, especially unnecessarily complicated; to muddy or confuse an issue. To make something dark or hard to see.
When caught doing wrong, some teens obfuscate their explanation of events, hoping parents won’t quite understand.
An article that has artistic value. French for “object of art.”
Phillip thought of his purchase at the garage sale as an objet d’art, but others thought it a garish piece of junk.
Not straightforward or direct; indirect and unclear. In mathematics, sloping or adjoining at an angle that is not a right angle; not perpendicular nor parallel.
Professor Blake’s description of the relationship between the two novels was so oblique that few students comprehended.
The state of being utterly forgotten. Complete forgetfulness; utter lack of awareness of one’s surroundings.
For a time it was as if roller-skating had been relegated to oblivion, and then in-line skates became popular.
Excessively eager to please or to obey all instructions. Compliant and servile to superiors, in order to curry favor.
For some, it is difficult to distinguish obsequious behavior from sincere and excellent customer service.
Having fallen into a state of disuse as a result of replacement by something new; in short, becoming obsolete. Adolescence becomes obsolescent — or should — as soon as your teen years are behind you.
Many think the piano was made obsolescent by the electronic keyboard, but not everyone agrees.
Determined not to agree with other people’s wishes or accept their suspicions. Unwilling to change or give up an idea or attitude despite obstacles. Difficult to control, get rid of, solve or cure. Not to be confused with abstinent,which describes restraint over desires, such as for sex or alcohol.
Arthur was obstinate in his claim that he did not cheat on the exam, so he agreed to a formal review of the case.
Tending to force one’s presence or opinions on others. Highly noticeable, often with a bad or unwelcome effect.
James’ Uncle Herbert was quite obtrusive, and, frankly, unwelcome at almost all family events.
Slow in understanding or perceiving something; with poor powers of intellect or perceptions. In mathematics, describes an angle of greater than 90 degrees and less than 180 degrees. A word that could be used as a fancy description of a few of your friends, no doubt.
Bob was called obtuse for not quite understanding the basics of algebra, but many others find this form of mathematics challenging as well.
To make something unnecessary, avoiding potential difficulty by acting in anticipation prior to a problem’s arising.
It was hoped that constant review of emergency procedures would obviate any need for evacuation at the nuclear plant.
Acronym for “obsessive-compulsive disorder”: a psychological condition characterized by uncontrolled repeated behaviors, such as hand-washing.
Her friends thought she was exhibiting the telltale signs of OCD, but Elaine just thought it appropriate to check her makeup regularly.
Inspiring hatred, contempt, or disgust; abhorrent.
Racial prejudice was once accepted in certain parts of the country, but it is now odious to nearly all Americans.
Having or diffusing a strong odor. Can also refer to actions that are immoral or offensive. Hey, it beats saying “you stink.”
While few agreed on whether it was in a good or bad way, everyone thought the candle shop quite odoriferous.
A long journey; a series of travels, adventures, or dangerous travails. Derives from Homer’s epic poem, the Odyssey, which describes such a grand journey undertaken by the character Odysseus.
High school for almost all students is an odyssey from childhood to young adulthood, full of many unexpected challenges.
To preside in an official capacity, especially at a particular ceremony.
It was agreed that Judge Jerome would officiate at the wedding.
Adhering to traditional or old-fashioned values and practices. Yes, it’s a movie title as well.
Stephen’s parents were considered old-school because they insisted on his having a midnight curfew.
The sense of smell. The action of smelling something.
The lacrosse coaches sometimes dreamed of temporarily suspending their olfaction, particularly in the locker room after games.
A small group that governs a nation, or controls an organization. Government by a few, especially by a small faction of persons or families. Depending on the kind of high school you attend, the oligarchy might be composed of beautiful people, jocks, or super brains.
Historically, those who were displeased with an aristocracy have called it oligarchy, and fought for democracy.
Extraordinarily great or demanding, befitting an Olympic athlete. Superior or grand, above everyday events, concerns, or abilities. Related to ancient Olympia or Mount Olympus.
Many thought Betsy’s getting to medical school an Olympian feat, but her friends knew she would do it easily.
Possessing complete, universal, unlimited power and authority. All-powerful; often used in reference to a deity.
The framers of the United States Constitution sought to avoid making any branch of government omnipotent, so they created a system of checks and balances between the executive, legislative, and judicial branches.
An animal that feeds on any or many different foods, including plants and animals. Someone who has wide interests, who will read, study, absorb, or devour anything available. From the Latin for “eating everything.” A related word is voracious,meaning desiring or consuming food in great quantities, or eager about a particular activity.
Most humans are by nature omnivores, but some choose to be herbivorous vegetarians instead.
Burdensome; a lot of trouble. Describes a situation or agreement in which the cons could easily outweigh the pros. Something with heavy obligation.
Although she loved her dog, Elizabeth thought that cleaning up the back yard after him was an onerous task.
Accessible over the Internet. Can describe resources, such as bank accounts, or activities, such as participation in chat rooms or games. Attached to or available through a central computer or computer network. Used to describe an electronic device or sensor that is connected directly to something being measured.
Online applications for admissions to college are becoming more prevalent than those completed on paper.
The naming of a thing by creating a vocal imitation of its sound. Examples are hiss, buzz, whack, and splat. One of the most fun words to know, use, and spell. How long is the list of onomatopoeic words you know?
Comic books, which are filled with onomatopoeia, are thought to be the origin of many words of this kind.
A powerful attack that overwhelms someone or something. A large quantity of people or things that is difficult to deal with or process.
The onslaught of online concert-ticket requests temporarily crashed the computerized ticket sale system.
Duty or responsibility, or the blame for something. The burden of proof for something in a legal proceeding.
The onus of completing this long-delayed project now falls to you.
Impenetrable to light, so images cannot be seen through it. Dull and without luster. Obscure and unintelligible in meaning.
People who live in glass houses should not throw stones, and they should also dress behind opaque curtains.
Belonging or related to the opera. Overly flamboyant or extravagant in behavior or appearance. Think “diva.”
Some of the students in Cathy’s high school seemed rather operatic to their parents and teachers, and it wasn’t a school for the performing arts.
The study of light and electromagnetic reactions in the visible, infrared, and ultraviolet realms.
Optics has yielded inventions of common simplicity and good, like grocery store scanners, and some quite dangerous and powerful, like laser-guided missiles.
Most desirable, best, favored, or best possible. While everybody likes different kinds of ice cream, most of us consider it optimal to have plenty of it in the freezer.
Optimal game-time conditions would be sunny, but not hot, with little or no wind.
To make something function as effectively as possible, or to use something at its best advantage. To find the best solution to a technical problem from a number of conflicting options.
It took hours, but the mechanic eventually was able to optimize the car’s gas consumption by regulating the carburetor.
Showing a lavish display of wealth or affluence; extravagant. Abundant in supply. Oprah is famous for her opulent gifts.
The opulent lifestyles of musical performers and professional athletes are revealed in many television shows.
The art of speaking in public with style, knowledge, and grace. Eloquence in public speaking. It can also mean a pompous, boring, or inappropriately long speech.
Martin Luther King, Jr.’s oratory lives well into the present day.
Positioning of something, or the direction something is heading. Direction in which someone’s interests or tendencies lie. Process of becoming accustomed to a new situation or surroundings, or a meeting to do so.
It was the goal of almost everyone to be named as an advisor at the freshmen orientation, for it was an honor and a lot of fun.
Overwrought with elaborate or excessive decoration. Also describes language that is intended to impress with its flair or elaborate literary quality.
Many parents who watchMTV Cribs think the homes of rock stars are overly ornate.
The branch of zoology that deals with the scientific study of birds.
Few realize that Charles Darwin was well respected for his work in ornithology, in particular his detailed study of finches.
Writing according to the standard usage of a given language, using appropriate letters and symbols. The use of letters and symbols to represent the sounds of a language. The study of letters and spelling.
The orthography of Spanish includes the letters rr and ñ, which have sounds different from those common in English.
To swing between two points with a rhythmic motion. To keep changing your mind about which is a better of two positions.
Robbie’s mood swings oscillated so dramatically that his parents thought he might be manic depressive.
Oscillate — This word for swinging back and forth derives from the custom Roman farmers had of hanging little masks representing Bacchus, the god of wine, from their vines. These little masks, called oscilla,would sway back and forth in the wind.
The movement of a substance through a semipermeable barrier. The gradual, often unconscious, absorption of knowledge or ideas through continual exposure rather than deliberate focused efforts.
Too many high school students think osmosis an appropriate study technique; reading, writing, and rote memorization are still best.
To change soft tissue, such as cartilage, into bone. To become rigid and set in a conventional pattern of beliefs, opinions, behaviors, or attitudes; also, to make others rigid and unwilling to change. Literally, “to change into a bone.”
As the years passed, Mrs. Wilson’s dislike for freshmen seemed to ossify, until she was thought to be a burned-out teacher.
Presented as being true or appearing to be true, but usually hiding a different motive or meaning.
The audience and critics thought the ostensible purpose of the performers was to entertain, while the accountants thought it was to make money.
Marked by a vulgar display of wealth, talents, possessions, or success designed to impress people; showy.
You shouldn’t take the Rolls to the party; it will be seen as ostentatious.
To exclude or banish someone from a group, formally or informally.
It’s harsh when teens ostracize someone who was once a friend, yet shallow when they are welcomed back after a few days.
Ostracize — It seems that a vote of banishment in ancient Athens had to be in writing. Because paper was scarce, the banishment ballot was written on pieces of tile called ostrakon,a name first applied to the shell of the oyster, which the tile resembled. It followed that the act of banishing someone from a group came to be called ostrakismos. Eventually, this evolved to “ostracize.”
To react or cause a chemical to react with oxygen. To combine with oxygen; make into an oxide.
When copper begins to oxidize, it takes on what is called a patina, turning to a beautiful green color.
The layer of the upper atmosphere above the earth’s service where ozone collects and absorbs harmful ultraviolet radiation from the sun.
Concerns over the depletion of the ozone layer grow annually, yet some still believe them to be unfounded.
Someone who refuses to perform military service or take part in war. A believer in the philosophy that international conflicts should be worked out through negotiation rather than war.
Several of Zack’s classmates had officially declared themselves pacifists during the Vietnam conflict in order to avoid the draft.
A follower of a religion or sect that worships multiple gods. A heathen, or one who has little to no belief in religion, choosing instead to enjoy the pleasures of the flesh.
The Crusades were fought by Christians against those they thought were pagans, yet today Islam is among the three major accepted religions.
Highly colorful, stately, or splendid display or ceremony, often with a historical or traditional theme. Most people enjoy the pageantry of a holiday pageant.
The pageantry of graduation ceremonies is one of the reasons that they are so emotional for parents.
To number pages of a book or document.
Bill was amazed to see how easily the new word-processing software would automatically paginate.
Involving or showing great care and attention to detail.
The superstitious hockey player’s preparation of his skates and stick before every game was painstaking.
Having a good enough taste to be eaten or drunk. Acceptable to someone’s sensibilities. Those with discriminating palates find only the finest food and drink palatable.
Very few of the actions of combatants in war would be considered palatable in peacetime.
Calming. Capable of soothing anxieties or other intense emotions. Alleviating pain and symptoms without eliminating the cause.
The little girl found her mother’s singing of “Twinkle, Twinkle Little Star”palliative even during the times when she was most upset.
Practice of examining the features of the palm to predict a person’s destiny.
At street fairs and carnivals, practitioners of palmistry are usually called fortune tellers.
While many doubt the authenticity of palmistry, many others regularly visit those who practice this art.
To examine the body with the hands and fingers, especially in a medical context. Not to be confused or misused as palpitate,defined next.
Medical students must learn to trust their fingers when they palpate patients, and not just depend on sophisticated lab tests for diagnoses.
To have the heart beat in an irregular or unusual way, because of a medical condition, exertion, fear, or anxiety.
Those who have been in life-and-death situations say that they heard their hearts palpitate and actually tasted fear.
Insignificant or unimportant. Low and contemptible. Often applied to ridiculously small amounts of money or lowly people.
Some high school students think minimum wage is a paltry sum to be paid for an hour’s work.
Supposed cure for all problems or diseases. Literally, a “cure all.”
Teens too often think that wealth is the panacea for all of their problems, but it is not.
Widespread. Something general, common, or all-encompassing, specifically an epidemic that affects people in many different regions or countries. The antonym of endemic,which is something occurring in a specific area or locale.
During times of crisis, fear is pandemic and often the cause of more harm than good.
Wild uproar, chaos, or tumult. A place or situation that is noisy, boisterous, and chaotic. The perfect description of almost any high school sleepover, at least those that are any fun.
The celebration after the Giants won the Super Bowl could only be described as pandemonium.
Pandemonium — English poet John Milton gave us this word for wild lawlessness, tumult, or chaos when he named the capital of hell “Pandaemonium” in his epic poem, Paradise Lost. He coined the word from the Greek for “all demons.”
To indulge someone’s weaknesses or questionable wishes or tastes. To appeal to the worst in someone. To serve as a pimp. Even if you speak with a Boston accent, it should not be confused with panda,that black-and-white bear indigenous to China.
The director refused to pander to the wishes of some of his greedy advisors, and he left the film PG so that children could see it.
In Greek mythology, a box that Pandora unwittingly opened to release all kinds of evil and hardship into the world. In common usage, a powerful source of potential problems.
Teens are warned that starting to use drugs is like opening Pandora’s box, with consequences difficult to reverse.
An impressive display or array, such as a variety of riches. Ceremonial dress with all of the accessories; a full suit of armor and equipment used by a warrior. A protective covering.
The panoply of materials at the Kennedy Library in Boston is quite impressive and one that both scholars and laypersons cherish.
An unobstructed view that extends in all directions. An all-encompassing survey of a particular topic, site, or issue. A wide-view photograph.
The Hendersons purchased the house on the hill because of the panorama that could be seen from the glass-enclosed den.
Related to or pertaining to the pope or the papacy.
The papal visit to New York City was a dream come true for millions of Catholics throughout the northeastern United States.
A freelance photographer who follows famous people hoping to get a newsworthy photograph, story, or something shocking or scandalous. The plural is paparazzi.
Jim’s family was a bit surprised that he chose to become a paparazzo, because his sister was a movie star who constantly sought to avoid photographers of this kind.
Sheets of paper stiffened with glue or starch and molded into small objects including masks, bowls, and figures, as well as large objectives including floats.
The papier mâché piñata was filled with candy and was the hit of the birthday party.
A clear example that illustrates how something should work; an ideal instance, or a pattern worthy of study. In science, a generally accepted model of how ideas relate to one another, forming a framework with which research is conducted.
Kennedy’s handling of the Cuban Missile Crisis is a paradigm for presidents who have to address challenges with courage, intelligence, and conviction.
A statement, possibly true, that seems absurd or self-contradictory. A person or thing with contradictory qualities that are difficult to justify. Not to be confused with a “pair of ducks,” unless you are the Marx Brothers.
Parents often face the paradox that punishment may be the kindest act of all.
The very best example of something; a peerless model or pattern of perfection. Also, a perfect diamond or large pearl that is perfectly round.
Michael Jordan seemed a paragon among athletes, combining skill in basketball and competitive fire.
Someone who assists and supports attorneys with their research and preparatory efforts. The Greek root para-means “beside,” which means paralegals and lawyers work side by side.
The role of paralegal is not given as much credit as it deserves, for attorneys are more prestigious.
Limit or boundary. Some physical property, such as size or color, that determines a thing’s behavior. Not to be confused with perimeter,which means a boundary enclosing an area.
In the military, there are very clear parameters for acceptable behavior and etiquette.
Beyond the realm of things that can be explained by scientific knowledge. Having to do with the occult, magic, or supernatural.
It’s hard for some to accept that paranormal phenomena do exist, and that all claims of poltergeists are not fake.
An explanation added to text as a commentary, usually set off by punctuation such as parentheses. A remark that departs from the sense of a passage.
Sometimes parenthetical additions to writing are significant, and others are just afterthoughts.
Someone who is despised and avoided by others; a social outcast. In India, historically, a member of the lowest caste.
It is sad that at one time people diagnosed with HIV were treated as pariahs.
A particular style of speech or writing, especially that used by persons in a specific context or profession. A way of speech, especially daily conversations, that is familiar to speakers who share common characteristics.
The special parlance of doctors is one that laypersons find difficult to understand.
A humorous or satirical take-off on something well known, such as a person or song. A literary or musical style or type. A poor attempt or imitation that appears ridiculous.
TheSaturday Night Live parody of the evening news has been a very popular segment of the show since its inception.
Great frugality, stinginess, or unwillingness to spend money. The state of being exceptionally frugal or thrifty. Parsimony is the ability to keep your pennies in your pocket; never parting with or parceling money.
Mr. Bench was, to all who knew him, the personification of parsimony, stingy and frugal to the extreme.
A liking for something or someone. An unfair preference for one person or thing over another.
High school students often accuse certain teachers of partiality, when, in truth these educators try to be impartial.
Out of date or no longer fashionable. No longer in prime condition.
It was once thought that bell-bottoms were passé, but fashion trends do return when least expected.
Relating to rural or country living; having to do with keeping sheep or cattle.
Relating to religious ministers or priests and their duties, or to the duties of a teacher. Pastoral scenes are often set in pastures.
The pastoral settings portrayed in the oil painting made them very popular among urban art buyers.
Exclusive right to make or sell an invention. Official document setting out terms of a patent. Any official document that grants a right to someone. A government grant that gives someone title to public lands.
Some who have patents are millionaires, while others are just proud that they invented something.
Uncontrolled or unreasonable. Related to disease or arising from diseases. Related to pathology.
It seemed as if her lying was pathological, and it was impossible for her to tell the truth.
Descent traced through the male line. A group of people who are related to each other on the father’s side of the family.
It is interesting to trace the patrilineage of one’s family, seeing who was on your father’s side.
An inheritance from a father or male ancestor. The things that one generation inherits from its ancestors. An estate or endowment belonging to the church.
Much to the surprise of the children, who had never met their father, their patrimony came to more than a million dollars.
The support, often financial, given by a patron, often to an artist or someone else struggling to express or invent something new. Support or kindness offered in a condescending way. The regular purchasing of goods from a business or store. Political power to grant privileges or appointments to positions.
To encourage the patronage of young shoppers, Abercrombie was known to hire very attractive salespersons.
To act as someone’s patron. Also, to be haughty and condescending to people perceived as less important or intelligent. To be a regular customer at a business or store.
Those who patronize others often don’t have confidence in their own intellectual abilities, so they put others down.
An inadequacy, shortage, or lack of something. Small number of something. If you have a lot of pets in your house, you have no paucity of paws.
We were forced to head back down the mountain due to a paucity of supplies.
A characteristic or trait belonging distinctively to a particular person, place, or thing. The quality of being unusual or strange.
George’s need to whistle was thought the only peculiarity this well-respected man ever demonstrated.
Relating to or pertaining to money. Involving a financial penalty, such as a fine or fee. That which consists of or concerns money is pecuniary.
Pecuniary matters are rarely discussed by well-mannered families in public.
Pecuniary — Pecuis Latin for “cattle.” Cattle were once a common means of barter, so an estate’s value was measured by its number of cattle. This led to the Latin word pecunia,for “money or property.” Pecuniagave birth to numerous English words, such as pecuniary,“relating to, involving, or pertaining to money”; impecunious,“without money”; peculate,“to embezzle”; and peculiar,“pertaining to that which is one’s own.”
The science or profession of teaching.
If students studied pedagogy, they would respect their teachers more and, frankly, be more likely to perceive teaching as a career option.
Lacking in imagination. Intellectually showy or overblown; making an ostentatious display of knowledge.
Professor Anthony’s pedantic manner was thought entertaining by some students and condescending by others.
Something ordinary, unimaginative, or uninspired. Pedestrian people are not necessarily pedestrians.
The worst comment someone can make about an author’s work is that it is pedestrian.
Incomparable, matchless, without equal; literally “without a peer.”
For old-timers, Babe Ruth was the Sultan of Swat, but for younger fans Barry Bonds is peerless in his ability to hit home runs.
Bad-tempered, irritable, or tending to complain; irritated by a peeve, or annoyance.
Some parents think that all teenagers are peevish before 9 A.M. on weekdays and twelve noon on weekends.
Critical or disapproving; disparaging. A word or phrase that defames.
It is sometimes difficult to distinguish between a sarcastic and a pejorative remark, but both can hurt one’s feelings.
Regret or sorrow for having committed sins, misdeeds, or wrongdoing.
The time he spent working with youth groups reflected his penitence for the indiscretions of his youth.
Second to last. Not to be confused with ultimate,meaning very last.
The penultimate player chosen in the National Football League draft is truly most anonymous, for ironically the last one picked becomes “Mr. Irrelevant,” and the subject of much attention.
Quick to understand or discern things; showing an understanding of a person or situation. Related to perception or the capability of perceiving.
As the older sister of three siblings, Stephanie was very perceptive of the needs of younger children, and she made a great babysitter.
Having the effect of an impact or blow. An instrument that requires beating to make music; a drum, cymbal, or triangle. A long drum solo has a percussive effect upon the eardrums and on the brain as well.
The percussive power of Justin’s cross-check on the opposing player could actually be heard in the stands.
Constant, enduring from season to season. Describes certain plants that grow and bloom from one year to the next. Also commonly used to describe hopes for things that are seemingly impossible.
The state’s perennial budget delays were expected, but not acceptable to those who depended on funds to provide services.
Someone who is unaccepting of any fault, especially in his or her own actions.
Julie thought her teacher was a perfectionist, so she worked even harder on her essay.
Done as a matter of fact, routinely, without thought, attention, or genuine feeling. Not interested or enthusiastic.
Responding to what he thought undeserving nagging by his mom, Hunter completed his homework in a perfunctory manner.
The table that shows all known elements arranged according to their atomic numbers.
Many chemistry students are asked to memorize the periodic table.
Traveling from place to place, especially working in different locales and traveling between; wandering from one place to another.
The peripatetic lifestyle of professional athletes can have a negative effect on their family and loved ones.
Concerning the edge or outside parts, as in a place or object. Being of minor or incidental importance.
Mrs. Williams grew frustrated with the peripheral conversations that went on as she tried to lecture to her class.
Underlying soil or rock that is permanently frozen, found mainly in polar regions.
Digging a foundation during winter months in New Hampshire was like trying to hack through permafrost.
Causing great harm, destruction, injury, or death. Wicked, meaning to cause harm. Fatal or likely to cause death.
Though the initial symptoms were relatively mild, it truly was a pernicious and unstoppable disease.
To make everlasting; to prolong memory of a thing or person.
JFK’s memory is perpetuated by the perpetual flame at his grave, which inspires both grief and hope in visitors.
A bonus that comes on top of the normal benefits of a job, as in a tip. Something considered to be an exclusive right or a consequence of holding a certain title, position, or job.
One of the perquisites of working for a baseball team is being able to get free tickets whenever you want.
To systematically subject a particular person, race, or group to cruel or unfair treatment. To make someone the victim of continual pestering or harassment. Not to be confused with prosecute,which means to have someone tried in a court of law for civil or criminal offenses.
Prosecutors may want to, but they are never allowed to persecute criminals.
Penetratingly discerning, perceptive, or astute; able to understand easily or discern.
While quite perspicacious, Lauren still made too many grammatical errors for her essay to earn an A.
Bold and lively in a pleasant and amusing way. Jaunty and stylish in design. Small, well-shaped, and pretty.
Pert was the only way to describe members of the women’s gymnastics team.
To disturb, trouble, or worry someone. To create a state of confusion or disorder.
The baby’s constant crying perturbed the neighbors, but the parents hoped they would understand.
This word has two contradictory meanings. It can mean a detailed examination, as of a book or list of facts. It can also mean a casual, leisurely examination, as of items on the sale rack at your favorite department store. Look at the context to determine which meaning is appropriate.
The editor’s quick perusal of the manuscript led him to exclaim, “This is going to be a bestseller!”
To spread throughout or be present throughout; infiltrate, penetrate, or circulate widely. A cat’s purr can pervade a quiet room with a sense of peace.
When the crowd saw the paramedics quickly come to the aid of the injured player, anxiety and fear pervaded the arena.
The tendency to see only the negative or worst aspects of a situation or circumstance. The expectation that only bad or unpleasant things will happen.
Pessimism about Heidi’s potential to pass permeated the family after they reviewed her second semester grades.
Troublesome or annoying; breeding or spreading evil, corruption, or infectious disease.
Mosquitoes are the most pestiferous of insects, in all definitions of the word.
A prehistoric drawing done on rock. Literally means “rock drawing.”The archeologists were ecstatic to find a petroglyph with animal figures.
Ill-tempered, sulky; impatiently peevish. Showing annoyance or irritation with minor problems.
Children are often described as petulant, but it’s more likely that adults exhibit these traits and behaviors.
An outstanding or unusual person or thing; someone or something phenomenal, remarkable, or impressively good or great. Not to be confused with phantom,which is something insubstantial and unreal.
Tiger Woods was recognized as a golf phenom when he was very young.
Showing kindness, charitable concern, and generosity toward others; demonstrating benevolence toward mankind. Devoted to helping through charitable giving, bestowing wealth on public institutions or those in need.
The philanthropic efforts of alumni donors sometimes go unrecognized, but it is never unappreciated.
Showing or having an intense fear and dislike of something, often to an irrational degree. Affected with or arising out of a phobia.
When he closed his eyes and tensed his body as the elevator reached the highest floor, his phobic nature became apparent.
Belonging to or associated with sounds of human speech. Representing sounds of human speech in writing, often with special symbols or special spelling.
Phonetic spellings are included in each entry in this book, so readers will know how to pronounce the words as they learn them.
The process green plants and other organisms use to convert light into an energy source. Happily for most other life forms, the byproduct of photosynthesis is oxygen, which means plants are responsible for the air we breathe.
When studying high school biology, we learned of the amazing biochemical process that is photosynthesis.
The features of someone’s face, especially when used as indicators of character or temperament. The use of facial features to judge someone’s emotional state, inclination, or character. The character or outward appearance of something.
The physiognomy of television anchorwomen seem strangely similar, as if it were a job prerequisite for them to all look alike.
A large open square, this Italian word describes a common feature of most Italian cities, where churches and cafes can often be found. A covered passage with arches on one or both sides, usually attached to a building. A veranda or porch attached to a house. Not to be misused or confused with pizza,which also has Italian origins.
The Billings family was inspired by a recent trip to Italy, so they built a piazza on the side of their home.
Of very little importance. Trivial, not worth much. The famous New Orleans newspaper is called the Times-Picayune— perhaps a reflection of how party people in that fun-loving city feel about serious events of the day? Or, as you will soon learn, was that the price of the paper?
The bride felt her soon to be mother-in-law’s requests for the wedding were picayune and not worthy of consideration.
Picayune — In early eighteenth-century Louisiana, a French copper coin and the Spanish half-real coin were called picayunes. Picayuneitself most likely derives from the Spanish pequeña, “little,” and the coin of little size and value influenced the term picayunecoming to mean anything small, insignificant, and of little importance.
A graphic symbol or picture representing a word or idea. A chart or diagram that uses symbols or pictures to represent values. Petroglyphs are drawn in pictograms.
Thank goodness the pictograph for the women’s bathroom is universally understood.
A sharp, unpleasantly intense quality, often describing sounds that make you want to cover your ears. Also refers to powers of perceptions that are unusually acute.
The scream Susie’s mother made when she saw her navel piercing was indeed piercing.
Strong respectful belief in a deity or deities and strict observance of religious principles. Devotion. Religious reverence; an inclination to worship God.
The piety of the Monroe family was respected by all in the community, and appreciated when crises of faith arose.
To steal small items of little value, especially on a habitual basis.
Even those teens who pilfer candy from the corner store should be prosecuted to learn right from wrong.
Acronym for “personal identification number,” a secret code that gives an individual access to things like bank or computer accounts and other Web-based systems. People often refer to their “PIN number,” which is rather redundant, if you think about it.
Too many make their PINs easy to guess, so they are not safe from identity theft.
The highest or topmost point, as in a mountain or roller coaster. A natural peak. A pointed ornament on top of a buttress or parapet of a castle.
Robert reached the pinnacle of his athletic career when he was named All American after his senior season.
To cause a bad mood, anger, or resentment. To inspire intense interest, curiosity, or excitement. To pride yourself on something, especially in personal attributes or abilities.
Marcia was piqued at not having been invited to the party.
Brief yet forceful and to the point, often with a touch of wit.
The pithy speech of the captain served to inspire the entire team to victory.
Very small amount of something, especially money, allowance, or salary.
The workers were considering a strike for they believed they were being paid a pittance, much less than they deserved.
An individual tiny dot of light or color. Together, a number of pixels form the images on a computer, television screen, digital camera, or printed image. Not to be confused with pixie,a tiny supernatural creature known for its nasty tricks.
It’s simple. The more pixels, the better quality the picture.
To make someone less angry, upset, or hostile, usually by saying or doing something to please. To appease someone, or act in a way to avoid another’s anger.
It seemed to be our mom’s job to placate the rest of the family whenever we were upset.
The act of presenting someone else’s work or idea as your own. Something copied or someone else’s idea presented as your own. Something no high school student would ever do — and that means you!
Plagiarism is the most egregious of all academic offenses.
Someone who brings suit in a civil court. Not to be misused or confused with plaintive,which means expressing sadness or sounding sad. However, a plaintiff will probably appear plaintive if she loses her case.
The plaintiff in the case seemed as motivated by the potential financial award as she was by the determination of right or wrong.
A trite, commonplace, or useless statement made as though it was significant. You’ve heard them during speeches of candidates in high school elections, but you just never knew what to call them.
Often the introductions read by award presenters are filled with platitudes, and they are not sincere or well delivered.
Friendly, as opposed to romantic or sexual. Usually describes relationships between people who might be expected to be attracted to each other. Perfect in form, but not found in reality. The good thing about many high school relationships.
While teenage girls often seem okay with platonic relationships, for some reason they are less acceptable to teenage boys.
An expression of praise, gratitude, or approval. Applause is a public form of plaudit, especially when delivered in an auditorium.
Something laudable, like graduating cum laude, is definitely worthy of applause and a plaudit.
Appearing believable; likely to be true, at least in a superficial sense. Persuasive in speech or writing. Pleasing but deceptive.
Justin’s explanation for the auto accident seemed plausible to his parents, so he was not punished.
A very large amount or number, vast quantity, oversupply, especially an excessive amount.
The plethora of students enrolled in drivers’ education classes revealed how important these co-curricular offerings were.
Rule of society by the richest people; also, a society ruled by wealthiest members. The overall influence of the wealthy, who control or influence the government or society.
Some argue that almost all societies are in some way a plutocracy, for the richest people do have a great deal of power.
Causing a sharp sense of sadness, pity, or regret. Appealing to the emotions. Acutely painful or affecting.
The film’s final scene is meant to be poignant, but I found it cloying and overly sentimental.
A passionate, strongly worded, and often controversial argument for or against something or someone. Someone who engages in a dispute or argues strongly or passionately. The art of argument.
Attorneys are said to be professionals in the art of the polemic, and sometimes we think passionate politicians are as well.
Possessing or displaying tact, shrewdness, or cunning. You can see the connection between this word, politician,and politics.
When called politic by his opponent, Peter thought it a compliment, until he learned otherwise.
A particular form of government; a system of government. The aspect of society oriented toward politics and government. A state, society, or institution thought of as a political entity.
The polity created by those who crafted the U.S. Constitution proved a model that many other countries adapted.
Something that pollutes with the introduction of products that contaminate the air, soil, or water.
Few realized disposable diapers would be identified as a pollutant because of their plastic composition and not their content.
Able to read, write, and speak many languages. Written or communicated in many languages. Someone fluent in multiple languages. Poly, the pirate’s polyglot parrot, cursed in Portuguese and four other languages.
Jordan left for overseas study an enthusiastic student of languages, and she returned a polyglot, able to speak Spanish, English, and French.
To speak about something in a knowing and self-important way, often without qualification. To make a decree with self-righteous pomposity. To officiate when celebrating Mass, or making a church decree
While she was well respected as an English teacher, students tuned out when Ms. Horner pontificated on the virtues of art and dance.
To indicate that something, especially something unpleasant, is imminent, going to happen; to suggest or foretell. Not to be confused with pretend,which means to make believe or to make others believe something untrue is true.
The anxiety in Hugh’s voice portended for his parents what to expect of his behavior that day.
To present or stipulate something for consideration; an assumption, suggestion, or fact.
The detective posited circumstances that would explain the forensics of the crime scene.
Suitable for drinking, not containing harmful elements. While potable water is portable, they are not the same words.
The presence of potable water was the one factor that would determine whether the castaways would survive.
Concerned with practical results, rather than theories and thoughts; practical, useful, or apt.
When confronted by the consequences of the flood, politicians who were usually prone to empty oratory became quite pragmatic.
Insecure; unstable. Uncertain and subject to misfortune or collapse.
The inexperienced campers pitched their tent in a precarious position, too close to the beach.
An example from the past that is either identical to a current situation or similar enough to it to use as a guide. Not to be confused with president,a person who may be well advised to consider past precedents in his actions.
The principal was concerned with setting a precedent, rather than with being fair to the students who wanted to abolish the dress code.
Done too quickly, without enough thought. On the verge of a dangerous course of action. Very high and steep.
Being an entrepreneur is a lofty goal, yet it can be a precipitous position, requiring many risky decisions and much stress.
More developed than usual or expected at a particular age. Advanced, especially with regard to mental ability, as in a child’s display of adult social or mental ability.
Rene was a precocious nine-year-old who had already performed at Carnegie Hall.
To form an opinion or idea before information or experience is available to make an educated or fair judgment. Prejudice is almost always preconceived.
Teachers sometimes have preconceived notions that boys are better at mathematics than girls.
Someone or something that comes before, often considered to lead to the development of another person or thing. Someone who held a particular position before someone else.
It is amazing to think that the typewriter, the television, and the tape recorder were the precursors of the personal computer.
A preformed opinion, usually an unfavorable one, based on insufficient knowledge, irrational feelings, or inaccurate stereotypes. Holding opinions that are formed beforehand on the basis of insufficient knowledge. An unfounded mistrust, dislike, hatred, or fear of a person or group, specifically one of a particular religion, ethnicity, nationality, or status. Prejudicial people prejudge others.
Prejudice is an acquired characteristic that can be eliminated through education.
A high-ranking member of the clergy, including a bishop, abbot, or cardinal.
The pope is the highest prelate of the Roman Catholic Church.
The part of speech that shows the relation of nouns to each other and to the other parts of a clause. Examples include: at, about, and above. Not to be confused with proposition,which is an idea, offer, or plan put forward for consideration, or a sexual invitation.
A prepositional phrase begins with a preposition and ends with a noun or pronoun.
Knowledge of actions or events before they take place; foreknowledge.
Parents hope to have enough prescience to protect their children from future harm.
Behaving in a way that is not genuine, but meant to deceive others. A claim, especially one that has few facts to support it. To falsely act or claim to be surprised. Make-believe or imagined. An instance of pretending.
Many of Shakespeare’s plays are crafted around ironic pretense, when men played the parts of women who were pretending to be men.
So clean as to look new, unspoiled, not altered by human encroachment. In an original state; uncorrupted by later influence.
For many teenage boys the pristine look and smell of a new car is intoxicating.
Done or undertaken for the public good without any payment or compensation, most often in reference to legal services.
Jay received the greatest financial reward from his corporate legal clients, but he got the most personal satisfaction from his pro bono work.
An inherent tendency to behave in a particular way; especially, an attraction to objectionable or immoral activity or behavior.
Wendy’s proclivity to nervous laughter was distracting during employment interviews.
The act of postponing or avoiding doing something, especially as a regular practice.
Nick’s procrastination led to last-minute and futile attempts to complete assignments.
Someone who shows an exceptional natural talent for something at an early age. Something very impressive or amazing; a wonder, or marvelous example.
Anyone who can play in a symphony as a violin soloist at the age of nine is definitely a remarkable musical prodigy.
Used to describe language or behavior that shows disrespect for God, any deity, or religion.
Profane language seems to be accepted in the locker rooms of high school athletes, when it should be controlled.
Extremely extravagant, wasteful, or shamelessly immoral. Extravagantly or recklessly wasteful.
Many rock stars take on profligate lifestyles after making it big, but some settle down in time.
To predict or foretell the future. To be an indication of likely future events.
Those television experts who try to prognosticate elections are often wrong.
To proclaim or declare something officially, especially to publicize formally that a law or decree is in effect. To put forward publicly or announce in an official capacity.
News of President Kennedy’s assassination was quickly promulgated throughout the school, even though no one but the principal’s secretary had a radio.
Nearness in space, time, or relationship.
The propinquity of the two families, who were neighbors for over twenty years, led to some close friendships as well as a few disagreements.
The act of condemning or forbidding something. The condition of having been denounced or exiled. Not to be confused with prescription,which is a written order issued by a physician authorizing a pharmacist to supply a particular medication.
After World War II, officials proscribed Japan’s establishment of a standing army, which led to peace for decades.
To try to convert someone to a religious faith or political doctrine. To attempt to convert to one’s religious faith.
Many are suspicious that born-again Christians all seek to proselytize others.
The most important character in a novel, story, play, or literary work. The main participant in a contest or dispute. An important or influential supporter or advocate of a cause or issue.
Holden Caulfield, the protagonist of the famous coming-of-age novel, is a character that many teens can relate to.
A young person who receives help, guidance, training, and support from someone older with more experience or influence. Someone protected, encouraged, or helped by another of superior status or rank.
Historically, it seems that each vice president was the protégé of the president, but that is not the case.
Rules of correct behavior on official or ceremonial occasions; formal etiquette, as practiced in diplomatic circles. Formal agreement between states or nations, or preliminary draft of a treaty or agreement. In technical terms, the rules that govern how computers transmit and use information.
Official protocol requires that the American flag never be hung lower than that of another nation.
The original model; experimental or trial version of a system or invention.
The prototype of the first personal computer is now in a museum.
A short, well-known saying that expresses an obvious truth and often offers advice; an adage. A popular saying, story, or maxim.
The tale of the tortoise and the hare is a proverb that teaches lessons about life as well as sport.
Characteristic of good sense, care in managing practical matters, and a tendency to evaluate situations carefully so as to avoid risk. Careful management of resources.
Purchasing automobile insurance is always a prudent act, and one required by the laws of most states.
Having or intending to arouse an unwholesome interest in sexual matters. Lewd, focusing excessively on sex.
The U.S. Supreme Court has reviewed cases to clarify obscenity issues and clarify whether a book is prurient.
Caused by mental factors, as in illness. Describes disorders with emotional or mental rather than evident physical causes.
When doctors could not identify any physical causes for her illness, they began to look for psychosomatic origins.
Silly in a childish way; juvenile. Immature; related to or characteristic of childhood. From the Latin for “boyish.”
While Jack and Elaine were clearly in love, many thought his puerile actions around her inappropriate for a thirty-year-old.
Inclined to fight or be aggressive. Prone to quarrels or fights; given to conflict or dispute.
On occasion, the coaches thought Kathy’s pugnacious attitude was detrimental to her play on the soccer field.
Supposed or claimed to be true, but without evidence or proof. Represented as the real thing.
The purported sister of Queen Elizabeth was the star of the cruise, though no one could prove her relationship to the royal.
The act of supplying something, especially food. The task of providing, collecting, or requisitioning supplies for a king, queen, or army.
The purveyance of materials for the wedding cost more than had been allotted in the budget.
An awkward, complicated, or dangerous situation from which it is difficult to escape; entanglement that offers no ready solution. Literally, a soft marshy area or boggy patch of ground that gives way when walked on. For some, descriptive of many teenage relationships: awkward, complicated, dangerous, and difficult to escape.
While building a new home at first seemed a wonderful idea, the project quickly became a financial and logistical quagmire.
Charming in an old-fashioned way. Strange or unusual in a pleasing or interesting manner.
The students always thought it quaint that the alumni returned for the homecoming game.
Having to do with the quality or character of a thing, often as opposed to its size or quantity.
Dr. Burton would often criticize the research of his students as being too qualitative and not numerically driven.
An uneasy feeling about an action or event; misgiving, pang of conscience, or concern regarding right or wrong. A sudden pang of nausea or feeling of uncertainty or apprehension.
Katy had no qualms about returning to graduate school to earn her Ph.D.
A state of uncertainty or indecision as to what to do in a particular situation. The state of mind of most high school boys and girls when deciding what to wear to a date.
Elizabeth was in a quandary about what courses to take in the first semester of her freshman year.
Able to be communicated in terms of quantity. Based on the amount or number of something; capable of being measured in specific numerical terms.
Accountants certainly need to keep an accurate quantitative measure of their clients’ interests.
A phrase for someone who enjoys quantitative analysis; that is, applying numerical and statistical measurements to problems. Literally one who “rides the numbers,” or is a “numbers cruncher.”
The graduate students thought being termed a “quant jock” to be a compliment.
A sudden, dramatic, and significant change or advance in thought. Derived from the behavior of subatomic particles, which quantum physics has revealed are able to travel great distances in almost no time at all.
Crick and Watson’s quantum leap from scientific research to creative thought revealed that DNA was a double helix.
Enforced isolation to those exposed to a contagious or infectious disease. The period of time during which people or animals are isolated.
The Mitchells thought it odd that even their goldfish had to be placed in quarantine when they moved to Europe.
An elementary particle; the smallest known quantity of matter.
It’s amazing how something as small as a quark can generate so much enthusiasm and interest in physics researchers.
Having a tendency to argue with people; tending to pick fights or angry disputes with others.
You are not the only person she has gotten into a fight with; she is quarrelsome with nearly everyone.
A compact, extremely distant, ancient object in space whose energy output is equal to or greater than that of an entire galaxy.
Quasars were once theoretical, then only observable as vague electrical impulses, but they are now observable as clear images through the Hubble Space Telescope.
Feeling ill in the stomach, as if on the verge of vomiting; easily nauseated.
Causing a feeling of uneasiness or nausea. Again, like most teenage boys and girls before a date, or high school students before a test.
Driving a long distance on the bumpy road made almost everyone on the team bus feel queasy.
To satisfy a thirst by drinking. To put out a fire or light. To subdue a feeling, especially enthusiasm or desire. To cool hot metal by plunging it into cold water or other liquid.
Diligent students sometimes state that reading and writing is the only way to quench their thirst for knowledge.
Inclined to complain or find fault. Whining or complaining. Describing someone who makes peevish complaints.
The querulous two-year-old felt better and stopped whining after his nap.
Tending to change rapidly and unpredictably. Literally “mercurial,” like Mercury, the god who is also called Quick Silver.
The quicksilver emotional transformations of manic-depressive individuals frustrate family members and psychologists.
The pure, essential form of a thing, in its most perfect form. Something that is the most typical example, as “the quintessence of greed.” In ancient medieval philosophy, the fifth element after earth, air, fire, and water.
The announcer commented that those who competed in the triathlon were the quintessence of speed, strength, and endurance.
A traitor, especially someone who collaborates with an occupying force. Quiz yourself twice on this one — it’s a word that means nothing like what it sounds.
Once the village was liberated, many of the leading citizens were now regarded as quislings.
To shake rapidly with small movements.
It was hard to tell whether it was the cold or her nerves that was causing Jennifer to quiver so much.
Quisling — This word for someone who is disloyal at best, and an actual traitor at worst, derives from a Norwegian politician named Vidkun Quisling, who collaborated with the occupying Nazis during World War II.
Tending to take a romanticized view of life; motivated by idealism to the neglect of the practical. Hopelessly and impractically idealistic. Derived from the name of literary character Don Quixote.
Susan’s quixotic search for “Mr. Right” inspired her to take many singles cruises, but all she got was seasick.
Something that gives meaning or purpose to someone’s life, or the justification for something’s existence. From the French for “reason for being.”After teaching her first special education class, she knew her raison d’être.
Stylish in a dashing or sporty way. Having a streamlined look that suggests rapid movement through the water.
The juniors all looked very rakish in their white dinner jackets, formal trousers, and athletic footwear.
The unintended consequence of an action, often one that complicates a situation or makes it harder to achieve the intended results. The process of branching out; offshoot or outgrowth, as in either ideas or actual branches on a tree or plant.
Too many teens fail to fully understand the ramifications of their actions.
Poorly maintained or constructed and likely to fall down, fall apart, or collapse. Shacks are ramshackle structures, ready to blow down at the first hard wind.
Tourists were shocked and saddened to see the ramshackle huts where the poorer residents of the island lived.
Ramshackle — What language did English borrow this word from? Greek? Latin? Nope — try Icelandic. Ramskakkr,“very twisted,” is the possible Icelandic source for this word, meaning “loosely made or held together, rickety, shaky.” Other possible origins include ranshacle,“to wreck or destroy by plundering” — which would make something ramshackled“wrecked or destroyed by plundering.”
Bitter, deeply held, and long-lasting ill will or resentment.
Rancor between the North and the South did not end for decades after the Civil War.
Having a strong desire for sex. Again, like most teenage boys.
Adolescent boys are, by nature,randy, but they seem to get worse over the summer at the beach.
To cause persistent feelings of anger, irritation, or festering resentment. To feel slighted or annoyed because of a perceived slight, oversight, or criticism.
The criticism of parents does rankle children after a while, but sometimes it is important to listen to.
A positive bond or friendly relationship based on friendship, trust, and a sense of shared concerns. Also, an established pattern of communication.
The substitute teacher developed a good rapport with the students to ensure his own survival.
Expressing or causing great enthusiasm, happiness, ecstatic feeling, or pleasure.
Those who have the opportunity to see the Grand Canyon are often rapturous at the mere memory.
Seeming distinct or remote from ordinary reality and common people; lofty or exalted. Showing very high quality, character, or style: refined. In a scientific sense, having a low density, especially owing to a low oxygen content.
When visiting the Oval Office, one is truly in a rarified environment.
Loud and hoarse; unpleasant sounding, characterized by loud noise, shouting, and ribald laughter.
The fraternity house was regularly the site of raucous behavior, as well as of visits from the campus police.
Extremely hungry or greedy for something; predatory. Intensely eager to be satisfied, to gratify desires.
Ravenous as they were, the team could hardly wait through the introductory banquet speeches before starting their meal.
Extremely beautiful, delightful, and pleasing to the eye.
As you would expect, the bride was ravishing as she walked down the chapel aisle.
Stubbornly resistant to the control or authority of others. Difficult to deal with, work with, or supervise.
The high school principal’s office was like a second home for some recalcitrant students.
To summarize in concise form; to briefly retell the essential points of a story. In terms of biology, describes what a fetus does as it repeats the stages of the evolution of the species during its development.
Great public speakers are known for their abilities to recapitulate and gesticulate.
To give or act in turn following the lead of another. To give or do in return for something else. To reproduce the courtesy, gift, or example of another.
It was difficult to determine how best to reciprocate for all of the concern, caring, and help received after the twins were born.
The conversion of unusable land into land suitable for farming or other uses. The extraction of useful substances from refuse. The claiming back of something once taken or given away.
The reclamation of the inner city was deemed miraculous by those who lived there.
Withdrawn from the rest of the world; solitary and hermitlike. Shut off from the influences of the world or others.
After her husband died, Mrs. Hilton lived a reclusive life, rarely coming out of her house or speaking to anyone.
To pay someone for work or services. To give compensation for suffering, loss, or injury.
To recompense Mrs. Williams for all her suffering would be impossible.
To explore an area in order to gather information, especially about the position and strength of the enemy. To engage in reconnaissance. From the French, meaning “to explore.”
The overly zealous coach, who was prone to military metaphors, said he would “reconnoiter” rather than scout the opposing team.
To regain something lost; to make up for something lost. To make up for something that has been lost.
Habitual gamblers think they will recoup their losses if they just continue their risky behaviors.
An accusation made by someone who has been accused of a crime, usually against the original accuser. Recrimination is often a very effective form of retaliation.
The press was shocked when the recrimination of one of his aides involved the president in the Watergate cover-up.
To make something right; to correct an error. Technically, to purify a substance through distillation.
As people get older, they are often inspired to rectify past mistakes, particularly those associated with family and friends.
To disqualify someone from judging or participating in something because of bias or personal interest. To withdraw oneself from judging or participating in something for personal reasons.
Seeking a balanced jury, the defense attorney recused many potential jurors until he approved of them all.
A duplication, as in computer backup systems, created to reduce the risk of error or failure. Use of a word or phrase whose meaning is already conveyed elsewhere in a document or passage. Fulfilling the role of something already in place and functional; superfluous, no longer needed or wanted.
Many functions of the spacecraft were designed as redundancies, that is, backup systems in case primary ones failed.
A vote by the whole of an electorate on a specific question. Also, the questions placed before this group by a government or governing body.
The results of the national referendum would not be binding, but it would tell leaders what the public desired.
A sheltered or protected place that is safe from harm or threat. Protection or safe shelter from something or someone.
Many Cubans seek refuge in America and risk their lives to do so.
To renovate or repair. To restore to a state of attractive completion.
Volunteers refurbished the abandoned apartments in record time.
To return or revert to an earlier, less advanced, and generally worse state. To move backwards. To cause someone to reenact an earlier emotional state or related behavior.
After she worked hard to raise her grades, a sudden illness caused Mary to regress in her study habits.
To bring undigested or partially digested food from stomach to mouth. To repeat or reproduce what has been heard, read, or taught in a purely mechanical way without evidence of thought or understanding. Teens may prefer to say “hurl,” “spew,” or “toss cookies.”
For some courses, all that is necessary to receive good grades is to memorize and then regurgitate facts, figures, or definitions.
To say or do something repeatedly, often in a boring way.
The candidate reiterated her views at each campaign stop and in every interview.
To give up or surrender. To give something up or put it aside, emotionally or physically.
When he took ill, Tim’s father relinquished many of the more physical household chores.
Acting as a remedy or solution to a problem. Designed to help those with learning difficulties, or to improve skills or knowledge. Intended to cure or relieve symptoms of someone who is ill or challenged.
While some students are too embarrassed to track them down,remedial services available for those in need are often powerful and effective.
To talk, write, or think about events remembered from the past.
It seems odd to parents to hear teens reminiscing about their elementary school years.
The sending of money to pay for a service or merchandise. Money sent as payment.
Credit cards seem to some as magic money, until you have to send a remittance to their issuer every month.
To pay money for goods or services, or compensate someone for losses or inconvenience.
After the accident, the insurance company remunerated her for damages within twenty-four hours, so Martha got her car fixed quickly.
A rebirth or revival, as of something forgotten or that was once less known or popular. Capitalized, refers to the period of European history from the fourteenth through the sixteenth centuries, regarded as marking the end of the Middle Ages and the rebirth or beginning of major cultural and artistic changes.
The university’s renaissance pleased its alumni, who were happy to see it return to its former educational excellence.
To go back on or break a promise, commitment, or agreement.
Some adolescents feel that parents often renege on promises of rewards for specific behavior, so family trust is tested.
A denial or rejection of something, often for moral or religious reasons. An official declaration giving up a title, office, claim, or privilege.
Tim’s renunciation of alcohol and drugs had such great consequences that he made others wish to follow his example.
Conversation consisting of witty remarks, or a witty remark or reply. Also, skill in making witty conversation.
It was amusing to watch the girls practice their repartee, hoping not to be embarrassed on their first dates.
Amply and completely supplied with something. Having eaten enough.
Grandma’s famous Sunday dinners were replete with every tasty dish one could imagine.
Extremely unacceptable and deserving of censure. Abhorrent and morally inexcusable.
While her behavior was generally considered reprehensible, a few felt that she should be given another chance.
Disreputable, unprincipled, or immoral person. Someone whose soul is said to be damned.
Being called a reprobate was shocking to Blake, who thought his behavior normal for a teenager.
To remove or overrule the authority of something. To reverse a decision or act, making it null and void.
The appellate judge rescinded the original ruling, freeing the accused from jail.
Able to recover quickly from setbacks. Able to spring back into shape after being stretched, deformed, or bent.
Jane proved most resilient, as she was able to play in the season’s final lacrosse game a few days after her knee injury.
Possessing determination; motivated by or displaying determination and purposefulness.
Americans seemed even more resolute to fight terrorism after the horrendous events of September 11, 2001.
To echo; to make something else vibrate or produce a similar sound. To have an effect or impact beyond what is apparent. To produce a sympathetic response; “get on the same wavelength” with someone else.
The crying of any infant resonates with those who are parents, as they are sensitive to these sounds and the feelings they inspire.
Brief period of rest and recovery between periods of exertion or after something disagreeable; a temporary delay or stay of execution.
The coach felt the girls had earned a respite from wind sprints because they were working so hard during practice.
The return of something to its rightful owner. Compensation for a loss, damage, or injury. Return of something to the condition it was before it was changed. Attempt to repair damage caused by a wrongful act.
A bill authorizing restitution to the citizens interned in the camps recently cleared Congress.
Stubborn and unwilling to accept rules or control; impatient with delay.
Having little patience; unwilling to tolerate annoyances.
The restive players gathered around the coach, eager to get the game underway.
Unwilling to communicate very much, talk a great deal, or reveal all facts.
On the first day of high school even the most outgoing students seem a bit reticent.
Reaching back into the past; effective as of an earlier date, especially in terms of contracts or agreements. Relating to or applying to things that have happened in the past as well as the present.
The reimbursement eligibility for those who paid the higher parking fee was made retroactive as of September 1.
Something based on memory of past events, containing examples of work from many periods of an artist’s life, or applying to things past as well as present. From the Latin for “backward vision.”
The Warhol retrospective at the museum was amazing and so large that you couldn’t see all of the exhibit in one visit.
To make a fierce or abusive verbal attack; to curse or abuse in harsh language. To use insulting or abusive language; to denounce using harsh language. Something you may have done, but didn’t know what to call it. Not to be confused with revelry,which means lively enjoyment or celebration.
For some time Nixon was reviled by his critics, but after time he was respected and honored by many.
Asked with no expectation of response; often describes sarcastic questions, or those the questioner knows cannot be answered. Persuasive and skillful, as in argumentation.
The dean’s rhetorical skills were much needed as he explained the new alcohol policy to the entire student body.
Humorous in a rude and vulgar way. Amusingly coarse, lewd, and off-color; often used to describe a joke about sex.
The football team became infamous for ribald behavior, and on occasion they were disciplined for it.
Mischievous, often in an unscrupulous or dishonest way. Like a rogue; known to have low morals and bad habits. Playful.
Roguish behavior is not to be appreciated or imitated, no matter the reputation of the rogue.
To think carefully and at length about something; to ponder or review mentally, over and over in one’s mind. The Latin roots of this word (literally, “chewing the cud”) describes the action of cows, who sit for hours on end chewing the same grass over and over again.
Once they were admitted, the guidance counselor wanted every student to ruminate on which college admissions offer to accept.
Possessing excellent judgment and powers of discernment; that is, able to make wise decisions. Keen and farsighted, in terms of perception. Call a teacher sagacious, and you’ll be very pleased to see how they react.
Professor Blake’s sagacious reputation made him one of the university’s most popular lecturers and advisors.
Lewd, off-color; intended to titillate or arouse sexually with explicit erotic content. Exhibiting explicit or crude sexual desire or describing deliberately provocative pictures or writing. Don’t ever call a teacher salacious; you don’t want to know how they will react.
Some believe the more salacious the advertisements the higher the sales, especially to teenage boys.
The quality of being important or striking. A particularly important or striking feature or relevant point of discussion.
Teachers grade student essays on the salience of their thesis statements, supporting paragraphs, and conclusions.
Salty; describes a solution of salt and distilled water, especially one having the same concentration of body fluids.
Judy was so dehydrated that the doctor had to give her an intravenous saline solution.
Promoting good health. Of value or benefit to someone; conducive to good health.
The salutary effects of visiting a spa seem more psychological than physical.
A gesture or phrase used to greet, recognize, or welcome. The opening phrase of a letter or speech, addressing the recipient or audience.
Brook was unsure whether to use the salutation“Dear” when writing to someone she had just met.
The student graduating second highest in academic ranking. Something to strive for and be proud of.
Being the salutatorian, rather than the valedictorian, is nothing to be ashamed of.
A sacred place inside a church, mosque, or temple. A quiet and private place free of interference or interruption.
Many teens feel as if their rooms are sanctums, and they forbid anyone to enter without permission.
Cheerfully optimistic; displaying a positive attitude. Also describes something blood-red in color, or flushed with a healthy rosy color.
After the accident, Ken remained sanguine, speeding his recovery and inspiring the nurses and doctors who treated him.
Disdainful; ironic in a mocking way. Extremely sarcastic and scornful.
The more angry he became at his sister, the more sardonic Michael’s comments sounded.
A small bag, often with a shoulder strap, used for carrying books and personal belongings.
When the laptop computer became popular, everyone seemed to purchase and carry satchels.
Gloomy, moody, and morose. Describes things under the influence of the planet Saturn, which in astrology is known for its cold and surly nature.
Oddly, after the death of his father, Harry became hopeful and optimistic rather than saturnine.
A wise or scholarly person, especially one with great knowledge in a very specialized field or area. Remember Rainman?
In an irony of nature, some autistic persons who cannot communicate normally possess intellectual powers that can only be described as those of a savant.
The ability to act appropriately and adroitly in any situation. An obvious sense of confidence and proficiency. From the French for “knowing how to do (it).”
Amazing to his friends, Ron the quarterback demonstrated savoir fare during the debate competition.
Salty or sharp tasting, rather than sweet. Having an appetizing taste or smell. Describes foods that are not desserts, especially those made with meats.
Mother’s cooking was so savory that it could be smelled as we walked up the path to the front door.
Someone who is made to take the blame for others. Someone who is unjustly blamed for causing upset or distress. Derives from an ancient Jewish practice of selecting a goat to accept the sins of a community.
Students become livid when they think they are being made the scapegoat for the actions of others.
Reference to the novel of the same name by Nathaniel Hawthorne, in which an adulterous woman was made to wear a scarlet “A” to mark her as a sinner. Now, a metaphorical reference to a sign that adultery or other sin has been committed.
When word of her affair became public, it was as if she wore a scarlet letter on her clothing, for she was shunned by those who were once her friends.
Severely critical and scornful, often referring to speech or writing about someone’s conduct or performance.
The scathing review of the movie had no impact on its popularity or profitability.
Outline of a play or dramatic plot, scene by scene. A screenplay. An imagined sequence of events that could become possible. Oh, a scene-by-scene story reveals a scenario.
Golfers have to think about all possible scenarios when they choose clubs for each shot.
Division of a group into mutually antagonistic and disagreeing factions. One faction formed after a disagreement. A division in a religion, or a breaking away from the religion.
Presidential elections recently have created schisms and anger among voters, rather than unified and motivated groups.
Exaggerated, histrionic speech or behavior meant to generate sympathy. From the Yiddish for melted chicken fat used for cooking and flavoring.
Planners often try to minimize the schmaltz when organizing fundraising events for fighting serious diseases.
To chat socially and agreeably. To talk persuasively to somebody, often to gain personal advantage. What high school students often do to get a better grade from a teacher.
Steve has been schmoozing his parents nonstop, a sure sign he wants something big.
A tiny amount of something. Also a spark, as in a small flicker of emotion.
The castaways preserved a scintilla of hope, along with a scintilla of potable water.
To give off or reflect light as sparks or sudden flashes. To dazzle in a lively, clever, or witty way. To excite, set off a sudden reaction among others.
News about the new film has been hard to come by, but a few scintillating details have leaked out.
Someone who ignores, or scoffs at, the law.
Eventually the scofflaw will pay for his actions, if not for his parking tickets.
The teeth or bones of whales and walruses, engraved with detailed drawings, usually sea related.
Collectors of scrimshaw understand how this art contributed to endangering whale populations, but they continue to cherish their prize possessions.
Paper currency or coupons issued for emergency use. A list, receipt, or short piece of writing. A doctor’s prescription.
During World War II,scrip was used to purchase gas and other commodities that were being rationed.
The study of how language conveys meaning. An excessive focus on the way something is phrased, rather than what it says.
The coach’s urging to “play aggressive” rather than “hurt the opponents” was a matter of semantics, and its interpretation depended upon which team you wanted to win.
Outward appearance or show, usually not true. A representation, copy, or likeness.
When the principal entered the classroom being taught by a substitute, there appeared to be no semblance of order.
Highly original and influential, as in ideas that inspire later developments. Relating to, containing, or carrying semen or seeds.
For many, the Ten Commandments are the seminal expressions of laws, values, and societal norms.
Capable of feeling and perceptions; the quality of being conscious or aware. Capable of emotional response and of receiving impressions from the senses.
Any sentient being should be able to notice the dreariness that comes with a cloudy day.
To isolate, cut off from everyday life and outside influences. To take legal possession of someone’s property until a debt is paid or dispute resolved. To seize or demand the property of an enemy.
When the judge adjourned court for the day, he also sequestered the jury for the remainder of the trial.
Accidental in a happy and fortuitous way. Often describes useful discoveries made by accident, or important insights encountered as fortunate coincidences.
It was serendipitous that Phil won new golf clubs a week before the club championship.
Clear and calm, without worry, disturbance, or stress. Bright without clouds.
Visiting the lake house always made her feel serene, so she went there before her wedding.
State of slavery, of being ruled or dominated. Work imposed as punishment.
Being forced to paint the house in order to earn his allowance felt like servitude to Burt.
A 150th anniversary, celebration of a 150th anniversary, or a 150-year period.
Historians reveal that the U.S.sesquicentennial celebration in 1926 was much more reserved than the bicentennial of 1976.
The act of cutting one thing off or free from another. In business, compensation to an employee who is fired or laid off.
Unsure of whether they would receive any severance, in the end they were happy to get three months’ pay after the lay-off.
A figure of speech that draws a comparison between two things, using “like” or “as,” as in “teeth as white as pearls.”
Robert Burns’ famous poetic simile, “Oh, my love is like a red, red rose,” is oft quoted and more often felt.
An essential condition, feature, or prerequisite. Latin for “without which not.”
Commitment is the sine qua non for academic success.
Practices carried out in a secretive way in order to trick people.
The skullduggery of the Watergate burglars has become infamous, for it forced a President to resign.
An unofficial name or nickname, especially a humorous one. Something almost every high school student has, although some just don’t know what others call them behind their back.
How embarrassing that she would call him “Pookie,” a private sobriquet, in front of others.
A political theory that gives workers fair and equitable control over the goods and products they produce, as opposed to the free market principles and competition of capitalism.
Historically,socialism has proven to work in theory only, with little success in real-world application.
A process of teaching and learning, in which the teacher asks questions that force the students to think and arrive at their own logical conclusions.
Many of the best law professors use the Socratic method to teach students.
To comfort someone at a time of sadness, disappointment, or grief; to sympathize with and console.
The family solaced each other with the knowledge she had fought her cancer bravely.
The act of talking to yourself, from the Latin for “speak alone.” In theatre, a monologue that lets a character express inner emotions that would be difficult to communicate in dialogue.
The soliloquy is a dramatic device made famous by Shakespeare.
To walk in your sleep.
Kenny shocked his teammates when he somnambulated on their first road trip.
Someone who predicts the future through magic, intuition, or other imaginative means.
Scientists are skeptical about anyone who claims to be a soothsayer, for they believe it impossible to foretell the future.
Showing a lack of judgment characteristic of immaturity. Also, relating to sophomores.
How strange and confusing it was to hear the principal call the junior class prank sophomoric.
Demonstrating the worst aspects of human nature; immoral, tawdry, greedy. dignified; dirty and depressing
Biographies are often profitable publications, especially those containing sordid details about the lives of famous people.
Attractive on the surface, but actually of no real interest or value; deceptive. Appearing to be true, but really false. Not to be confused with species,a biological terms for individual creatures that resemble one another and can breed.
At first it was thought that archeologists found the remains of Jesus’ brother James, but later all the evidence was proved specious.
Based on conjecture or incomplete information. Describes opinions or conclusions not based on facts. Risky, in terms of an investment that is potentially profitable.
Even the most detailed statistical analyses of actuaries are only speculative in nature.
Impulsive behavior that is not planned. Also, the source of such activity.
The spontaneity of youth is looked back upon with great jealousy by elders.
False. Illegitimate, as in a child. True and believable but on the outside only. Forged.
Eric’s belief that his bad grades were because teachers did not like him was spurious, for in truth, he was very well liked.
To reject someone’s offers or advances with scorn and contempt.
The fear of being spurned prohibits so many from revealing their true feelings.
Shabbiness and dirtiness resulting from poverty or neglect. State of moral decay.
The investigation found that because the three children lived in squalor, they would be better off in a foster home.
Dependable, loyal, strong, sturdy, and courageous.
The stalwart support of his colleagues was what drove Dan to further achievements.
Impressive, dignified, and graceful in manner. Grand and imposing in appearance.
First-time visitors to the White House are always impressed by its stately interior and impressive grounds.
An oversimplified opinion, usually based on prejudice or poor judgment, held by a group of people, usually about people or ideas foreign to them.
Bill Bradley, a Princeton graduate, professional basketball player, Rhodes Scholar, and U.S. senator lived a life counter to the stereotype of the dumb jock.
A sign of shame or disgrace attached to something socially unacceptable. Also an identifying mark.
The stigma of having a child out of wedlock seemed to diminish in the late nineties.
Stigma — From the Greek for “tattoo,” this word for something that permanently stains someone’s reputation comes from the ancient Greek practice of physically marking someone with a tattoo to distinguish him as belonging to a lower class.
To specify a certain condition in an agreement or offer. To promise something formally or legally. In legal terms, to confess, admit, or agree to a fact, rather than require the opposition to prove the fact.
The will does stipulate that you must wait until you are thirty years old to receive the money.
To put someone, a group, or a nation under control. To cause to become subservient. To make another person perform your will.
Throughout history, dictators’ attempts to subjugate other countries have failed in the end.
To bury and conceal the energy of an impulse or desire, usually one having to do with sex, in a pursuit considered more proper. To redirect an urge to a wholesome purpose.
An artist who can sublimate his feelings might find them transformed into great works.
Awe-inspiring beauty that seems heavenly. Of the highest moral or spiritual value; lofty, splendid, or complete.
The climbers were rewarded at the top of the mountain by a sublime view of the valley.
Eager to follow wishes or orders. Bending to the will of another; servile.
In spite of how sexist it sounded, Ken thought that wives should be subservient to their husbands.
Intended to undermine a government or other institution, usually by secret actions performed from the inside; undermining.
Antiwar protesters of the 1960s were thought by many to be subversive and by others to be patriots who personified the value of freedom of speech.
Compact and clear, expressed without unnecessary words.
Thomas’s acceptance speech was succinct, lasting only one minute and composed of less than a hundred words.
A letter or group of letters added at the end of a word or part to form another word. An example: adding “-ly” to “quick” yields quickly.
The suffix“ly” is the one commonly used for creating adverbs from adjectives.
Contemptuous, arrogant. Disdainful and haughty; overbearingly proud. It’s super silly for us to think someone so arrogant and haughty to be supercilious.
Wealthy individuals sometimes behave in a supercilious way, as if money justifies overbearing behavior.
Supercilious — Dr. Franz Joseph Gall, the founder of the “science” of phrenology, claimed that people with big foreheads and higher brows have more brains. This led to the expression highbrow,which described an intellectual. Supercilious,meaning “disdainful,” is related to the brow, too. It derives from the Latin for “raised eyebrow,” which comes from the image of someone lifting an eyebrow slightly in disdain. Think Jack Nicholson here (though most people probably don’t think of him as a highbrow).
Having to do only with the surface; skin deep. Concerned with or stating only the obvious, with little significance or substance. Not thorough.
The wound was superficial, requiring only cleaning and bandaging and no sutures.
Secret or sneaky, especially in terms of actions and acquisitions. Stealthy.
Intelligence gathering is a surreptitious activity, accomplished covertly.
Someone who flatters a powerful person for personal gain; an ambitious flatterer who tries to improve his status by fawning over those in authority.
Presidents and world leaders should not surround themselves with sycophants, for they need to hear critical and realistic views regarding critical issues.
A mutually beneficial relationship among different species. A cooperative, mutually beneficial relationship between people, groups, or things.
The two top students found that a symbiosis was much better than a competitive relationship, so they studied together.
Balanced in proportion. Usually describes the even or balanced halves of a whole. Able to be divided equally in half.
Whenever Mom redecorated, she first looked for symmetrical relationships between pieces of furniture, and then made me and Dad do the lifting.
A gathering, for the purpose of discussing a particular subject and where learned people make presentations. A published collection of opinions or writing on a subject. Its plural is symposia.
The symposium on how to teach high school students was very well attended by teachers and administrators.
Sycophant — The old story, unproven but widely accepted, is that this word for an apple-polisher (basically, someone who sucks up to their superiors) originated in ancient Greece from the Greek sukophantes (sukon, “fig,” and phainen, “to show”). This word referred to an informer on those who exported figs. At one time it was supposedly against the law to export figs from Athens, and sukophantes, later sychophants, often turned in violators of the law for their own selfish gain.
Coincidental events, especially thoughts or dreams, that seem related even though they are not obviously caused by each other. The great psychoanalyst Carl Jung used this term to describe an underlying connection of all parts of our lives, even those that we consider accidental.
You have experienced synchronicity if you have ever been thinking of an old friend only to turn the corner and run right into her.
One or numerous expressions or words that have exactly or very nearly the same meaning. A word that means the same, or almost the same as another word; equivalent in meaning to another word.
If you are looking for a synonym, a thesaurus is a good place to start.
A condensed version of a text; an outline or summary of principal points.
Those small paperback books that contain a synopsis of the novels that high school students read are quite popular, and some are well written, but they should never take the place of actually reading the assigned work.
A clear, descriptive representation of something; a picture. An artistic grouping of varied elements.
The prehistoric tableaus in New York’s Museum of Natural History are so lifelike that they scare young children.
Forbidden from use in ordinary context; reserved for special or sacred functions. Also, forbidden on the grounds of bad taste or immorality.
At one time having a child out of wedlock was considered taboo, but now it seems quite acceptable.
Taboo — The Friendly Islands (now Tonga) were visited by the English explorer Captain James Cook in 1777. It is in Cook’s journals that we document the first use of taboofor something banned or prohibited. Cook had altered the spelling a little, from the Tongan tabu, which meant the same thing.
Literally, a clean slate. In psychological terms, the mind before it takes on any impressions from society or experience. Also something that is pristine and new, without any preconceptions or existing features.
Teaching kindergarten is so rewarding, for each child’s mind is in many ways like a tabula rasa.
Understood or implied without being stated; not spoken.
Each juror’s tacit assumption must be that the defendant is innocent until proven guilty.
Quiet, of few words. Regularly uncommunicative or reserved in manner and speech. Someone who avoids conversation.
Kenny was concerned that Emily’s father’s taciturn nature indicated that he disapproved of their dating.
Able to say the proper things in order to keep good relationships with others. A tactful person is actually one who knows what not to say in order to avoid making others angry or upset.
How tactful of her to decline his invitation by saying such nice things.
Able to be felt or perceived by the sense of touch. Also, related to the sense of touch.
Velvet is pretty to look at, but it provides a mostly tactile pleasure.
An object believed to give magical powers to those who carry or wear it. Anything believed to have magical powers.
Many indigenous people wear a talisman to ward off evil.
Two-seated, as in a bicycle. An arrangement of two or more items in which one is placed behind the other; single file. Also, acting in conjunction.
The team’s warm-up featured a tandem lay-up drill that intimidated opponents and inspired the crowd.
Veering off from the main or current subject; departing from the plotted course. Peripheral. In math, relating to or involving a tangent.
Please stop; your tangential information is only serving to confuse our decision making.
Able to be perceived with any sense, but especially via the sense of touch. Able to be understood and evaluated with the mind. Things that are tactile are also tangible, though the reverse is not always true.
Sometimes tangible rewards of teaching, like salary, are not what truly matter, for the intangibles also pay off.
Attractive and tempting, often due to unavailability or unattainability. In Aesop’s fable, the fox found the grapes tantalizing in part because he could not reach them.
College is a tantalizing goal for many students, but low SAT scores and poor grades make this dream impractical for some.
Tantalize — Tantalus, a son of Zeus in Greek mythology, divulged the secrets of the gods to the humans. He was sent to Hades and punished with eternal thirst and hunger. The pool of water he stood in dried up whenever he tried to drink from it, and the tree branches above his head pulled out of reach whenever he reached for their fruit. This punishment gives us the word tantalize.
Literally, “the way.” An Eastern philosophy founded by Lao-tzu and described in the Tao Te Ching.Basically, an expression of the ultimate reality, the universal energy that makes and maintains everything. The order and wisdom of life and harmony with the universe.
She was reading a book with a more philosophical look at relationships calledThe Tao of Dating.
A redundant repetition of meaning in a sentence or idea using different words. Unnecessary repetition — in different words — of an idea already stated.
Stating that you know a foreigner from another nation is a tautology, because all foreigners are from other countries.
A logical system that describes the interrelationships of different things. In biology, the classification that assigns every organism a Latin name according to its genus and species, thus identifying its relation to other similar beings and its place in the system overall.
Prior to creating a lesson plan, each teacher must develop a taxonomy of learning objectives.
A bureaucrat with training in engineering, economics, or some form of technology. Someone who believes that technicians, or the people who know how things actually work, should be the ones involved in government.
Stereotypically,technocrats think less about emotional issues and how decisions impact people.
Having to do with the geological structure of the earth, particularly the earth’s crust. The study of tectonicsinvestigates the way a planet’s crust works, forming mountains and causing earthquakes.
Tectonic plates are geologic features that some believe will cause a major earthquake with an epicenter in California.
The supposed psychic power to move objects with the mind. From the Greek roots for “from a distance” and “movement.”
Some comic book characters are known for their powers of telekinesis.
An earthquake. From the Spanish verb meaning “to quake.” Not a trembler,as some think, but in the same vein as tremor,which is a shaking or vibration before or after an earthquake.
Since the last earthquake all new construction was required to be built to withstand large temblors.
Reckless confidence that may be offensive. Brashness; reckless disregard of danger or unpleasant consequences. Fearlessness is not always a good thing.
The temerity of being a teen often leads to reckless behavior and sadness for parents.
Self-restraint in the face of temptation; moderation. Abstinence from drinking alcohol. What every parent hopes their high school student practices.
The new coaching staff demanded temperance of the football team during the season.
A severe storm with high winds, rain, hail, or snow. A severe commotion or disturbance, especially with emotional upheaval. Turbulent, giving rise to many violent emotions or stormy actions.
The tempest of Jim and Stephanie’s argument was embarrassing to those who witnessed it.
A master pattern from which other identical copies can be made; a pattern.
I’ve heard the secret to woodworking is to make a detailed template of each part before it is cut or carved.
Connected with life in the world, rather than spiritual life. Lasting only a short time. Related to or existing in time, as opposed to space.
The temporal issues associated with manned spaceflight to Mars are as complicated as the mechanical.
Justified in a fair or rational way; defensible based on sufficient evidence. Able to be maintained, held, or defended against attack.
Investors determined that further support of the company’s owners was no longer tenable, so they approved a takeover.
The quality of being unyielding; stubborn. The ability or tendency to stick firmly to a decision or opinion, without doubt or potential to change. The strength with which something sticks, holds together, or clings, particularly to a surface.
Marybeth’s tenacity was evident when she played the entire second half with a broken arm.
A set of established and fundamental beliefs, especially related to religion or politics; a principle. A fundamental belief held essential by a society, group, or organization. Not a tenant,who is someone who rents a property.
The tenet that “All politics is local” is one that few candidates forget.
Not based on anything substantial or significant; liable to break down easily when challenged. Thin, diluted, or insubstantial. Literally, means “slender (as a thread).” Not to be confused with tenacious,which has the opposite meaning of holding tight and sticking firmly.
The couple’s relationship seemed tenuous at best, but their families hoped they could reconcile and stay married.
The holding of an official position, or the length of time that position is held.
Raises are based on performance rather than tenure, so some who have been here a while might not be compensated as well as newcomers.
The end points of a fixed transportation route, such as the beginning and end of a railroad or bus line. A point where something stops or reaches its end.
When developers learned that Maplewood would become the terminus for the new rail system to New York City, they began buying up properties quickly.
Pottery of a distinctive reddish-brown, usually unglazed at least in part. The earthenware clay used to make such pieces. The brownish-red color itself.
Native American pottery made of terra cotta has become very popular among collectors of late.
Solid ground; not water or air. From the Latin for “firm ground.”
After the harrowing airline flight, the passengers were so grateful to be on terra firma that they kissed the ground.
Third in order, place, importance, or succession. Third in a list, sequence, or progression.
Because the first two did not work, the tertiary option, using military action, was being discussed by leaders in private.
Proof that something else exists or is true. A tribute. Also, a formal statement or speech outlining beliefs. The act of determining how property will be divided after death; a will.
The success of his son was a testament to his parenting skills and love.
A favorable report supporting the existence of a thing’s qualities and virtues. A statement backing a claim or supporting facts. Something done or given in honor or gratitude for someone.
At the honors ceremony, Jane offered a testimonia l to all the teachers who had done so much to help her achieve all that she had.
A private conversation between two people; a face-to-face meeting. French for “head-to-head.”
Soon after the wedding, the mother of the bride and mother of the groom had a lively and necessary tête-à-tête to address issues of the marriage.
Belief in the divine, in the form of one or many gods. Usually, the belief that one god created the world and is still evident in the works of creation. It is important to note that theism is part of many different religions, not just those that follow the Bible.
As early civilizations progressed,theism became prominent and the worshiping of idols largely disappeared.
A proposition or formula in mathematics or logic that can be proved from a set of basic assumptions. An idea that is accepted or proposed as true.
The Pythagorean theorem is memorized by all students and is used as a foundation for many mathematical proofs.
A book that lists words related to each other in meaning, usually presenting synonyms and antonyms.
Today, word-processing software usually includes a dictionary, a thesaurus, and a spell checker.
An actor, especially a person who performs onstage in a play.
Thespian is an old-fashioned term for an actor, but it is one that some performers prefer.
A group of experts that researches certain subjects, comes up with solutions to complex problems, and gives advice, most often to the government.
After graduation, many students of Political Science sought positions with think tanks, so they could continue their research.
In general, developing nations with minor economies. The bigger capitalist industrialized nations are called the First World, and the industrialized communist nations were known as the Second World.
The debt of Third World nations was so large it had to be excused, for if payment were demanded countries would be bankrupt.
Involving or located in the chest.
The family feared what the thoracic surgeon had to say about the procedure.
A large crowd of persons or objects. Definitely not to be used or confused with thong,a very brief type of underwear or swimsuit bottom.
Let’s wait here for fifteen minutes to avoid the throng of people trying to get to their cars in the parking lot.
To oppose, confuse, or defeat. To keep someone from achieving their goals or plans.
Steve’s plan to surprise his parents was thwarted when his little sister left their present out in the open.
A long, overblown, angry speech, most often a criticism or denunciation; an extended outburst of harsh talk.
Sadly, Frank had come to fear his wife’s tirades so much that he avoided coming home.
To excite or stimulate someone in a pleasurable way.
Stories about rock star romances seems always to titillate, no matter how old the listeners.
A thick or heavy book on a serious subject. A scholarly book on an academic subject.
Aren’t you lucky you’re reading a short book on words, rather than a tome on the history of the English language?
In legal terms, a wrongful act for which damages can be sought by an injured party. Not to be confused with torte,a rich cake of many layers sandwiched together with cream filling.
Law students find classes on torts to be the most interesting and, ultimately, when they practice law, the most practical.
Centralized, in terms of official government power. Describes a form of government in which control is concentrated in the hands of one ruler or party, with no opposition permitted. Adolf Hitler and Joseph Stalin both led totalitarian regimes, even though they came from opposite ends of the political spectrum.
The totalitarian state of the Soviet Union ultimately fell, decades after it was founded.
To lie and create false impressions in order to make something or someone seem shameful or bad. It’s easy to deduce when one does traduce, just by listening to the mean things being said.
Angry over one thing or another, Page traduced her sister so frequently that her parents had to intervene.
The path a projectile makes in space under the action of forces including thrust, wind, and gravity. The course a flying object takes after takeoff.
The trajectory of all flights was being monitored and guided by the air traffic controllers.
Calm, quiet. Free of disturbance or commotion. Unagitated, with no signs of anxiety or agitation.
After years of looking for the best vacation location, the Burtons found their lake home to be the most tranquil place.
A dramatic change in appearance, especially one that glorifies or exalts someone.
The popular make-over shows bring about physical and emotional transfigurations for their participants.
To make someone temporarily unable to move; to hold motionless. To pierce someone or something through with a weapon or sharp object.
The deer stood transfixed, paralyzed by the headlights of the car.
To cross a line and do something wrong, often disobeying a command, guideline, moral code, or law. To go beyond a limit, usually in a bad way.
David transgressed by crossing into Mr. Peterson’s yard to play ball.
Literally, “to write across.” To write words from other languages in a familiar alphabet. Even if the meaning of the foreign word is unknown, through transliteration it can at least be properly pronounced.
Thank goodness the prayer book was transliterated, for they did not know how to read the Hebrew alphabet.
To give off water vapor, especially through the surfaces of plant leaves. To be exposed; to come to light and become known. To occur.
As they recalled, the events of the accident seemed to transpire in slow motion.
To work hard, especially over a long period of time, at a physically demanding job. Sometimes used to describe the labor of childbirth.
Harriet travailed all the way through her chemotherapy, which some say is as painful as the illness.
An act of betrayal or deceit; treason. A severe violation of trust.
Benedict Arnold’s name has become synonymous with the words treachery and traitor.
A scholarly, formal written work that deals extensively with a given subject.
A systematic essay or written argument on a particular subject. What you will be able to write once you incorporate these words into your vocabulary.
Freud’s treatise on psychoanalysis and causes of mental illness was controversial for its time.
Fear about the future or a particular future event. Involuntary trembling.
A look of trepidation was visible on his mother’s face when Justin went for his first driving lesson.
The process of prioritizing sick or injured people for treatment, according to severity and condition.
It was amazing to see how calmly triage was completed at the site of the train crash.
A defense, usually unofficial, of the rights of an individual. Also a court or other forum where justice is meted out. If you’ve ever wondered why so many newspapers are called the Tribune,the first definition of this word should be your answer.
The military tribunal was formed to judge those suspected of terrorist activities.
Overused; lacking in interest or originality. Something you don’t want someone to say about your writing or speech, so read and use this book!
Oh, how trite every interview with a political candidate sounds.
A natural inclination or propensity to react in a given way to a certain stimulus. Comedians hope that laughter is a tropism that characterizes their act.
All of the plants in the room leaned toward the window as a result of their tropism toward light.
A prearranged meeting, especially one made privately or secretly between lovers. Originally meant “to make an arrangement with.”
Both were nervous planning their tryst, for they feared their affair would somehow be revealed.
A violent, chaotic, or noisy commotion; an uproar. A psychological or emotional upheaval or agitation. Major mudslides cause tumult.
The tumult of having twenty two-year-olds in the house for a birthday party was too much for Lisa’s mother to handle.
Seemingly present everywhere at once. So common as to appear to be all places.
Some think the Mercedes has become a ubiquitous symbol of wealth, while others consider it one of conspicuous consumption.
An expression that includes a demand along with the consequences, usually negative, of failing to meet the demand. A set of terms that cannot be compromised, without predetermined consequences occurring.
Either pay the rent by midnight on the thirty-first, or be thrown out in the street: that was Simon’s ultimatum.
Resentment or annoyance arising from an offense; something or someone causing intense irritation.
Principal Michaels took umbrage at the suggestion that he was only concerned with test scores, and not with students.
Not surveyed or recorded on a map. Not previously encountered, experienced, or investigated. Often confused with unchartered,meaning not officially authorized or permitted by a governing body.
Boldly but stupidly, the group decided to embark on uncharted waters in their small boat.
Slippery and greasy; oily. Smug and obsequious in an attempt to charm or convince. Describes a texture that is soft and smooth, like an oil or ointment.
Containing or composed of oil or fat.
Mud baths may not be healing, but they can be soothing, and they are most definitely unctuous.
Not put off or deterred by the prospect or even the likelihood of failure, loss, or defeat.
Undaunted, the underdog football team faced the state champions and almost won.
Secret and dishonest, with intention to deceive or cheat. Most underhanded people seek to get the upper hand any way they can.
His attempts to discredit his opponent with rumors and lies were definitely underhanded.
Underhanded — Card sharks are proficient at palming cards, holding extra cards under their hands. The word underhanded,“in a secret or stealthy manner,” eventually came to refer to anyone who steals from or takes advantage of another in a sneaky and crafty way.
A servant or subordinate, especially one regarded with contempt or as of little importance.
Robin was not Batman’s underling; he was his crime-fighting partner.
To insure someone or something by accepting liability for losses. To guarantee the sale of an issue of securities at a predetermined price. To agree to provide funds or cover any losses.
The fledgling filmmakers asked parents and friends to underwrite their first feature film.
Strong and unhesitating, especially in the face of difficulty. Courageous.
Mary’s unflinching dedication to her children was evidenced by her holding two jobs.
Undertaken independently, as in decisions made by only one of many political parties. One-sided. Also, responsibility born by or imposed upon one party or individual.
The allies resolved that no member country would take any unilateral action that might threaten mutual security.
Not following conventional or traditional beliefs or practices. Not practicing or conforming to or accepting traditional religious practices.
Her teaching methods may be unorthodox, but they clearly get results, as all of her students passed the state exam.
Having an unpleasant taste or effect; disagreeable and undesirable. Not pleasant, acceptable, or agreeable.
I am surprised that you didn’t understand that the consequences for your bad behavior would be unpalatable.
In a natural state; not processed, with all impurities still intact. Displaying poor social graces; unschooled in approved tastes and behaviors.
Snobs at the country club shunned those they thought unrefined.
Tasteless, bland; unappetizing. Morally unacceptable or distasteful. Similar to unseemly,which means contrary to accepted standards of good taste or acceptable behavior, or occurring at an inconvenient time or place.
How scared were you when we went into that twenty-four-hour diner full of unsavory characters?
Defined by noisy confusion; loud and boisterous. Extremely funny and causing people to laugh aloud.
I hear the new headliner at the comedy club has an uproarious routine.
Sophisticated, refined, or courteous. Well versed in the social graces. Not to be confused with urban,which means related to a city. Some urban dwellers are urbane, though not all.
Jordan could not stop talking about how urbane everyone was on her cruise to England.
A bizarre story in wide circulation, presented as though the events actually happened. Characterized by the fact that the person telling the story never experienced the events herself but always knows a friend or aunt or other third party who can vouch for their truthfulness.
One of the most often repeated urban myths has to do with alligators living in the sewers of Manhattan.
Designed for practical use rather than beauty; pragmatic. Characterized by a concern for the practical or useful.
In selecting a car to buy, Hank took a utilitarian approach, rather than choosing the one that was flashiest or most likely to impress.
Typical of an ideal world, a perfect state or place. Related to admirable but impractical ideas or ideals.
The utopian dreams described in literature of the early twentieth century did not translate into realities.
Utopian — In his 1516 book Utopia,Sir Thomas More invented the word “utopia” for a fictional island where everything is perfect, using the Greek for “nowhere” (ou, “not,” and topos, “a place”). Eventually, this word came to mean any ideal, visionary place, and the adjective utopiancame to describe anything that is ideal, but impractical.
Something uttered or vocalized; a word or sound spoken aloud. A style of speaking.
How proud they were that the baby’s first utterances sounded like “Daddy.”
To be indecisive; waver between options. To sway from side to side.
Wishing not to vacillate on the issue, the mayor stood firm on his position not to raise the sales tax.
Lacking in ideas. Having no content; empty-headed. That which is empty is vacuous.
Some politicians are vacuous, telling constituents what polls reveal are the most popular positions on particular issues.
An unpredictable, impulsive action. A turn of events that is unexpected or capricious. Not to be confused with vaguely,which means not clear in meaning or intention, not clearly felt, understood, or recalled.
The vagaries of the teenage mind frustrates many parents, as well as teachers.
Excessive pride, especially in one’s appearance. Something considered futile, worthless, or empty of significance. Vanessa’s vanity required her to have several mirrors in her van.
Her vanity was legendary, as she could not pass a mirror without gazing into it and admiring herself.
A difference or variation. A difference of opinion or attitude. In legal terms, the difference between two statements, documents, or steps.
The variance between the positions of management and labor was so strong that a strike was inevitable.
Expressed with intense feelings and conviction. Strongly felt, or marked by high emotion. Forceful and emphatic; vigorous.
In the 1960s, many expressed vehement dissatisfaction with the administration policy regarding the Vietnam conflict.
Worthy of respect as a result of age, wisdom, holiness, or achievement. Dignified and worthy of admiration.
The venerable professor amazes everyone with his wisdom, sensitivity, and concern for students who are now sixty years younger than he.
Excessive words with confusing or minimal significance. Unnecessary words or overwrought language.
Good teachers inspire students to eliminate verbiage from their writing and express themselves succinctly.
Using language that is long-winded, unnecessary, or complicated; wordy.
All verbiage is verbose.
I really wanted to vote for him, because he appears intelligent, but I find his speeches are almost always verbose.
Something that is good as true; authentic and real. Undeniably legitimate or actual. Synonymous with verifiable.
Granny’s attic is a veritable museum of 1950s clothing, records, and memorabilia.
The everyday language of people as spoken in a particular country or region, in contrast to an official or formal language. The common spoken language of a group, as compared to formal written or literary language.
The vernacular of rap musicians is full of expletives and is becoming more commonly used in public places.
To cause irritation. That which aggravates causes vexation.
The constant demands of her two-year-old vexed Mary to the point of tears.
Experienced through another person, via sympathy or imagination. To gain pleasure from actions not one’s own.
Parents often live vicarious lives through their children, and they do so with great pride.
Watchful and alert, especially to danger or wrongdoing.
The family retriever was ever vigilant and barked whenever a stranger came near the house.
To make malicious and abusive statements about someone. To make someone appear as a villain.
Even before the trial began, the accused murderer was vilified in the press, so the defense attorney asked for a change in venue.
The act of clearing someone or something from blame, guilt, suspicion, or doubt. Evidence or argument used to prove someone innocent of false charges.
Graduating cum laude from the school that had once rejected him was vindication for Robert.
Rapid, extreme, and malicious, as in quick and fatal diseases. Malicious, bitter, or hostile. Not to be confused with violence,which means the use of physical force to injure or damage.
The virulence of AIDS was shocking to physicians who did not know what was causing so many unexplained deaths.
I would like you to discuss your raise vis-à-vis with all your supervisors and peers.
Instinctive, rather than based on reasoned thinking. Deeply felt; showing basic emotions. Literally “from the viscera,” or bodily interior.
Not fearing any injury to herself, her visceral response was to lash out at those who threatened her children.
Extreme bitterness and hatred. Writing or speech that expresses this feeling in caustic or harsh writing or speech.
How sad it is that the vitriol of all parties in the Middle Eastern conflict could not be transformed into hope.
To shout something out loudly; to make a noisy exclamation, demanding attention.
Susie vociferated her strong objection to her parents’ insistence that she babysit for her two younger sisters.
Ravenously hungry. Desiring or consuming things in great quantities. Eager or enthusiastic about an activity.
It is hoped that after you finish this English literature course you will become a voracious reader of Shakespeare.
Without restraint or inhibition, especially in sexual behavior. Without reason or provocation. Completely unrestrained or lacking discipline. Certainly not to be confused with won ton,a small Chinese dumpling.
Such wanton disrespect for the law could not be ignored or excused.
To authorize or guarantee. To serve as a justifiable reason to do, believe, or think something. Also, to guarantee something as the truth or dependability of something or someone.
The child’s minor accident did not really warrant the temper tantrum that followed it.
An important event, period, time, or factor that serves to distinguish two separate phases. Literally, a ridge that diverts water in a new direction.
High school commencement is a true watershed event in a young person’s life.
Willfully disobedient. Behaving in an erratic, perverse, or unpredictable manner.
Your wayward actions will someday cause you much pain, so please try to change your ways.
Physically or mentally tiring or tedious. Not to be misused or confused with worrisome, which means causing anxiety or distress, or having a tendency to worry.
Of course I found the 10K run wearisome, wouldn’t you?
To adopt customs or beliefs common to Europe or North or South America.
To impose such customs on other peoples.
Not having visited the country in ten years, he was surprised at how much more it had become Westernized.
The quality of being quaint, odd, and playfully humorous in an endearing way. An idea that has no obvious reason to exist.
The idea of winning the lottery is for many simple whimsy, yet they buy a ticket each week.
To paint with whitewash. Also, an attempt to conceal unpleasant facts by covering them over as though they did not exist.
How absurd his stories became whenever Brian attempted to whitewash his guilt.
A novel, movie, or play focusing on solving a crime, usually a murder.
Agatha Christie’s works are some of the best whodunits I’ve ever read.
Skilled at using clever tricks to deceive people. The roadrunner’s perpetual enemy, after all, is Wile E. Coyote.
You shouldn’t confuse “wily” with “intelligent,” for deceiving others isn’t really a smart thing to do.
To separate grain from chaff by tossing it in the air or blowing air through it. To examine closely in order to separate the good from the bad, unusable, or undesirable components.
Investigators winnowed through thousands of pieces to reconstruct the plan and determine factors that caused the crash.
Feeling or looking distressed or sorrowful.
Please, Coach, go talk to the team, for they look so woebegone after the loss.
To inflict something violent, especially punishment or revenge. Not to be misused or confused with reek,which means to stink.
It’s shocking to see how much havoc a two-year-old can wreak in just a few minutes.
To make a violent twisting and rolling movement, often as a result of severe pain. To squirm with intensity.
The running back writhed in agony as he waited for the trainer to arrive.
Someone who is extremely successful at a young age; prodigy. Literally, German for “wonder child.”
Little Joey was thought to be a wunderkind because he sang so beautifully at such an early age.
Someone with an unreasonable fear or dislike of foreign people or foreign things.
Those who express concerns about the country’s liberal immigration and open border policies are regularly called xenophobes by those who oppose their views.
Not just an Internet portal — this words refers to an offensive, crude, or brutish person, a bumpkin.
You shouldn’t let yourself get upset by the cruel comments of yahoos like those guys.
Yahoo — Yahoos, in Jonathan Swift’s satire Gulliver’s Travels,were hateful beasts in human form who prefer “nastiness and dirt.” This may have been a pun by Swift on a Greek word sounding like yahoothat meant sleepy, or “dopey.”
An attendant, servant, or lesser official in a royal or noble household. A petty officer performing chiefly clerical duties in the U.S. Navy. An assistant or other subordinate. A loyal, dependable worker.
All organizations need some who perform the roles of a yeoman, completing administrative tasks.
A young person, especially one of a group, who attempts to wrest control of an organization from older, established, more conservative individuals. Historically, a member of a liberal pro-democratic Turkish nationalist movement in 1908.
How amazing it is that each of those young Turks is now worth over a million dollars after the initial public offering.
A young, educated city-dwelling professional, usually regarded as materialistic and self-focused.
Do you remember when being called “yuppie” was a compliment?
Yuppie — This slang term came from the acronym YUP (for “young urban professional”). In 1983, syndicated columnist Bob Greene wrote how this word for materialistic professionals was related to an earlier word for young radicals from the 1960s:“While [Gerry Rubin] and Abbie Hoffman once led the Yippies — the Youth International Party — one social commentator has ventured that Rubin is now attempting to become the leader of the Yuppies — Young Urban Professionals.”
Actively and unreservedly enthusiastic; fervent or fanatical.
At first those students named to the hall patrol seemed overly zealous, giving summonses to almost everyone.
The highest point or climax of a thing or event. The peak or apex.
It’s hard to predict the zenith of an athlete’s career, but it is easy to identify it in hindsight.
Unwavering enforcement of a rule, regulation, or law, especially regarding antisocial behavior.
After the quarterback was caught drinking, the entire team was told that the attitude toward any future drinking would be zero tolerance.
The scientific study of the brewing and distilling fermentation process. Very often the last word in any alphabetical list!
No, I won’t accept your excuse for drinking beer as a zymurgy experiment!