The chapters in this book are based on presentations at Ultra-High Temperature Ceramics: Materials for Extreme Environment Applications II that was held on May 13–8, 2012, in Schloss Hernstein, Austria. The authors would like to thank everyone who supported the meeting financially, especially Dr. Joe Wells from the Office of Naval Research-Global (N62909-12-1-1014) and Dr. Randall Pollak from the European Office of Aerospace Research and Development (FA8655-12-1-0009) for providing funding to support the participation of graduate students and early-career professionals.