Appendix 1

The Aims of the Treaty of Grand Alliance, 1701

i	That Emperor Leopold I should have possession of the Milanese in northern Italy, the Two Sicilies, the Spanish Balearic Islands, and the Spanish Netherlands and Luxembourg, on behalf of his son, the Archduke Charles.
ii	That a strong fortress barrier should be maintained in the Spanish Netherlands, to protect the security of the United Provinces (Holland).
iii	That the Maritime Powers (England and Holland) should be permitted to trade without restriction in the Spanish Americas and the Indies.
iv	That German states loyal to the Empire would receive subsidies from the Maritime Powers on supporting the Alliance. Also, the Elector of Brandenburg would be accorded the title ‘King of Prussia’ in return for his support.

No explicit mention was made at this time of removing Philip V from the throne of Spain (both England and Holland had acknowledged his accession in 1701), or of keeping the thrones of France and Spain separate. As the war progressed, and the Allies gained in confidence, additional aims were added. Salient among these was the notion that victory could only be assured if Archduke Charles was in possession of the Spanish throne. This could only stem from a victory in Spain itself, unless Philip V should agree to vacate the throne. The cry of ‘No Peace Without Spain’ originated in London after Ramillies, when anything seemed possible, and was soon heard throughout the Grand Alliance. Vast amounts of men, materiel and treasure were expended in the lost cause of forcing the Austrian claimant on the Spanish people, who were, in the main, quite content with their young French prince.