Appendix 2

The Terms of the Treaty of Utrecht, 1713

The Treaties of Utrecht, Rastadt, and Baden (1713–1715), which brought the War of the Spanish Succession to a close, are often referred to under the simple title ‘Treaty of Utrecht’. The following were the main provisions of the treaties:

i	Philip V was recognised as the King of Spain and the Indies, as long as the crowns of France and Spain were kept separate (Philip had, in fact, already irrevocably renounced his entitlement to the throne of France, on accepting the Spanish throne).
ii	Naples, the Milanese, Sardinia, and the Spanish Netherlands (now to become known as the Austrian Netherlands) came under Imperial Austrian rule, although the following were guaranteed to Holland as their new ‘Barrier Towns’ – Furnes, Ghent, Mons, Charleroi, Namur and Tournai.
iii	France retained Alsace and Strasbourg (as allowed under the Treaty of Ryswick, 1697) but surrendered the fortresses of Kehl, Breisach and Freiburg on the eastern bank of the River Rhine.
iv	The Elector of Cologne and the Elector of Bavaria were restored to their domains (in the process Marlborough lost his principality of Mindelheim, granted to him by the Emperor after Blenheim).
v	The Hanoverian, Protestant, succession to the throne of Great Britain was guaranteed, and James III (the ‘Old Pretender’) was to be expelled from France.
vi	Britain retained Minorca, Gibraltar, Newfoundland, Hudson’s Bay, Arcadia and St Kitts, and was guaranteed exclusive access to trade in certain Spanish ports set aside for the purpose. In addition, the fortifications of Dunkirk were to be demolished.
vii	The Kingdom of Prussia was recognised, and given overlordship of Upper Guelderland.
viii	The Duke of Savoy received Sicily, and part of the Milanese.