1 Tom Bower: The Perfect English Spy p. 29.
2 Nicholas Elliott: With My Little Eye p. 15.
3 Peter Ustinov: Dear Me p. 11.
4 Sir Robert Napier’s despatch, 12 May 1868, British Library India Office collection: IOR/L/MIL/17/17/22; Henry Morton Stanley: Coomassie & Magdala.
5 Avraham & Toby Holtz: The Adventuresome Life of Moritz Hall.
6 Peter Ustinov: Dear Me pp. 8-11. Ejal Jakob Eisler: Peter Martin Metzler (1824-1907).
7 Avraham & Toby Holtz: The Adventuresome Life of Moritz Hall.
8 Peter Ustinov: Dear Me pp.10-11.
9 Nadia Benois: Klop pp. 29-35.
10 Nadia Benois: Klop p. 37. passim.
11 Peter Ustinov: Dear Me p. 46.
12 Wordsworth E. Jones: British Museum archive
13 Ilona Skupinska-Løvset: The Ustinov Collection: Palestinian Pottery p. 17.
14 John Mosier: The Myth of the Great War p. 158.
15 Hans Speidel: Aus unserer Zeit pp. 22-24.
16 War Budget Magazine 13 July 1916
17 LB-W(S) M411 Bü813
18 Hans Speidel: Aus unserer Zeit pp. 25-26.
19 LB-W(S) M430/3 Bü11668
20 Nadia Benois: Klop pp. 57-63.
21 Robert Service: Spies and Commissars p. 227.
22 D. H. Lawrence: Reflections on the Death of a Porcupine and Other Essays p. xxix introduction.
23 Neils Joeres: Der Architekt von Rapallo pp. 141-144.
24 Ingmar Sütterlin: Die ‘Russische Abteilung’ des Auswärtigen Amtes in der Weimarer Republik p. 155.
25 Josef Korbel: Poland between East and West p. 76.
26 Alexandre Benois: Memoirs Vol II pp. 59-61.
27 W. Bruce Lincoln: Sunlight at Midnight pp. 197-200.
28 Sergey Prokofiev: Diaries 1915-23 pp. 25-31, 72, 204.
29 Arthur George: St Petersburg pp. 373-375.
30 Tamara Talbot Rice: Tamara: Memoirs of St Petersburg, Paris, Oxford and Byzantium p. 20.
31 W. Bruce Lincoln: Sunlight at Midnight p. 229.
32 Tamara Talbot Rice: Tamara: Memoirs of St Petersburg, Paris, Oxford and Byzantium p. 52.
33 Aleksey Tolstoy: Road to Calvary p. 199.
34 Alexandre Benois: Memoirs Vol I pp. 146-151.
35 Alexandre Benois: Memoirs Vol I pp. 163-164.
36 Arthur George: St Petersburg p. 458.
37 Nadia Benois: Klop pp. 87-89.
38 Nadia Benois: Klop pp. 85-90.
39 Personal interview, February 2014.
40 Nadia Benois: Klop pp. 67-68.
41 Nadia Benois: Klop pp. 75-82.
42 Gustav Hilger: Incompatible Allies p. 31.
43 Peter Ustinov: Dear Me p. 29.
44 Peter Ustinov: Dear Me p. 29.
45 Nadia Benois: Klop pp. 110-122.
46 AA PAIV Band 2, Russia Po 5, R83457
47 AA PAIV Band 2, Russia Po 5, R83457
48 John H. Waller: The Unseen War in Europe pp. 28-31.
49 Nadia Benois: Klop p. 125.
50 Nadia Benois: Klop pp. 126-134.
51 Personal interview, February 2014.
52 Nadia Benois: Klop pp. 144-146.
53 Nadia Benois: Klop p. 246.
54 Daily Mirror, 29 June 1929 p. 6.
55 Kirsten Pedersen: The History of the Ethiopian Community in the Holy Land pp. 79, 96, 118.
56 Peter Ustinov: Dear Me p. 48-49.
57 Nadia Benois: Klop p. 174.
58 Nadia Benois: Klop p. 178.
59 Peter Ustinov: Dear Me p. 45-46.
60 Peter Ustinov: Dear Me p. 351.
61 TNA FO 395/336 P1456
62 TNA FO 395/372 P2129/P2131
63 TNA KV 2/347 & GFM 33/4127
64 TNA FO 371/12885 C3226
65 TNA FO 371/14366 C9223
66 Robert Bruce Lockhart: Diaries Volume One pp. 81, 98, 200.
67 Robert Bruce Lockhart: Friends, Foes and Foreigners p. 144.
68 Martin Bormann: Hitler’s Table Talk p. 276.
69 Norman Rose: Vansittart, Study of a Diplomat pp. 1-41.
70 Norman Rose: Vansittart, Study of a Diplomat p. 103.
71 DNB; Keith Jeffery MI6 p. 177.
72 DNB
73 DNB
74 Nadia Benois: Klop p. 186.
75 AA 6A WTB Band 2 File R122211
76 William L. Shirer: The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich pp. 209-210.
77 TNA FO 372/965 T9306
78 TNA FO 371/16751 C10679
79 Harold Nicolson: Diaries & Letters 1930-39 p. 121.
80 Anna Sebba: Enid Bagnold, The Authorised Biography pp. 112-113.
81 Kurt von Stuttenheim: Die Majestät des Gewissens pp. 53-56.
82 Harold Nicolson: Diaries and Letters 1930-39 pp. 121, 152, 266.
83 Kurt von Stutterheim: Die Majestät des Gewissens p. 61.
84 Nadia Benois: Klop pp. 201-202.
85 TNA KV 4/111
86 Fritz Hesse: Das Spiel um Deutschland p. 37.
87 Fritz Hesse: Das Spiel um Deutschland p. 37.
88 Peter Ustinov: Dear Me p. 82 & 102.
89 TNA HO 334/139 AZ6678
90 Peter Ustinov: Dear Me p. 120.
91 Peter Ustinov: Dear Me pp. 95-96.
92 DNB
93 Peter Ustinov: Dear Me pp. 83-89.
94 Peter Ustinov: Dear Me pp. 106.
95 Nadia Benois: Klop p. 176.
96 Daily Mail, 1 November 1932, 27 June 1936
97 Nadia Benois: Klop pp. 182-184, 190-192.
98 TNA KV 2/819
99 Stephen Dorril: MI6 Fifty Years of Special Operations pp. 404-412.
100 Bernard Wasserstein: ‘The British Government and the German Immigration 1933–1945’ (Hirschfeld – Exiles in Great Britain p. 63.)
101 Francis L. Carsten: ‘German Refugees in Great Britain 1933–1945’ (Hirschfeld – Exiles in Great Britain pp. 11-13.)
102 John P. Fox: ‘Nazi Germany and German Emigration to Great Britain’ (Hirschfeld – Exiles in Great Britain pp. 48-52.
103 TNA KV 2/343-344
104 TNA KV 2/390
105 Ian Colvin: Chief of Intelligence pp. 60-61.
106 TNA KV 2/390
107 Tom Bower: The Perfect English Spy pp. 28-31.
108 Anthony Cave Brown: Bodyguard of Lies pp. 140-145.
109 Winston Churchill: The Gathering Storm pp. 168-171.
110 CA VNST 1/19
111 Nadia Benois: Klop p. 179.
112 Antony Penrose: Roland Penrose, The Friendly Surrealist p. 82.
113 TNA KV 2/350-351, HO 213/1941
114 Bob de Graaff: The Stranded Baron and the Upstart at the Crossroads.
115 Claud Cockburn: In Time of Trouble pp. 103-104, 194-198.
116 Wolfgang zu Putlitz: The Putlitz Dossier.
117 Bob de Graaff: The Stranded Baron and the Upstart at the Crossroads.
118 TNA KV 4/170
119 John Costello: Mask of Treachery pp. 307-309.
120 Miranda Carter, Anthony Blunt, His Lives p. 234.
121 Peter Wright: Spycatcher pp. 85-86.
122 General Leo Geyr von Schweppenburg: The Critical Years pp. 15-16.
123 Peter Ustinov: Michael Parkinson chat show, BBC Television.
124 Christopher Andrew: Defence of the Realm pp. 201/899
125 John Wheeler-Bennett: The Nemesis of Power pp. 410-415.
126 IWM Payne Best private papers SPB3
127 Christopher Andrew: Defence of the Realm p. 202.
128 TNA KV 4/16
129 TNA FO 1093/107
130 TNA KV 2/915
131 TNA FO 1093/86
132 Christopher Andrew: Secret Service pp. 412-417.
133 Anthony Cave Brown: Bodyguard of Lies pp. 173-174; James Marshall-Cornwall: Wars and Rumours of Wars p. 125.
134 Klemens von Klemperer: German Resistance Against Hitler pp. 119-120.
135 TNA KV 4/170
136 TNA KV 4/185 Liddell Diaries August–September 1939.
137 Wolfgang zu Putlitz: The Putlitz Dossier pp. 184-194.
138 Michael Graf Soltikow: Ich war mittendrin: Meine Jahre bei Canaris pp. 45-60, 185-192.
139 TNA FO 371/23057
140 USNA RG226 190/08/05/06 136A Box 4
141 TNA KV 2/1741, KV 2/3643
142 Ben Macintyre: Double Cross p. 71.
143 TNA KV 4/185 Liddell Diaries September 14, 1939; Christopher Andrew: Defence of the Realm p. 242.
144 Keith Jeffery: MI6 p. 383.
145 Christopher Andrew: Defence of the Realm pp. 200-201.
146 Hansard September 1, 1939.
147 IWM SPB3 09/51/1
148 Callum MacDonald: The Venlo Affair.
149 John Wheeler-Bennett: Nemesis of Power pp. 467-469.
150 TNA KV 4/185 Liddell Diaries, Oct 11, 1939.
151 Wolfgang zu Putlitz: The Putlitz Dossier pp. 197-198.
152 Sigismund Payne Best: The Venlo Incident pp. 12-17.
153 TNA KV 2/279
154 CA CHRS 1/30
155 USNA RG263 ZZ 18 Box 112
156 W. J. West: Truth Betrayed pp. 189-200.
157 Nicholas Elliott: Never Judge a Man by his Umbrella pp. 101-103.
158 TNA FO 1093/202
159 František Moravec: Master of Spies pp. 144-145, 181-190; Amort & Jedlicka: The Canaris Files pp. 45-48.
160 TNA KV 2/2106
161 Callum MacDonald: The Venlo Affair.
162 TNA FO 800/322
163 TNA KV 2/3768
164 John H. Waller: The Unseen War in Europe pp. 229-237.
165 TNA KV 2/14
166 TNA KV 2/15
167 Nadia Benois: Klop pp. 207-210.
168 TNA KV 2/14
169 TNA KV 2/15
170 TNA KV 2/15
171 TNA KV 2/16
172 Nikolaus Ritter: Deckname Dr Rantzau pp. 315-316.
173 TNA KV 2/927
174 TNA KV 2/297
175 TNA KV 2/928
176 TNA KV 2/928
177 TNA KV 2/928
178 TNA KV 2/928
179 The Times p. 8 November 11, 1942.
180 Michael Mueller: Canaris: The Life and Death of Hitler’s Spymaster p. 222.
181 Richard Breitman: US Intelligence and the Nazis p. 94.
182 TNA KV 2/268; Liddell Diaries 23 January, 12 and 23 February 1943.
183 TNA KV 2/275
184 TNA KV 2/268
185 USNA RG226 Entry 190 Box 392
186 Anthony Cave Brown: Bodyguard of Lies p. 314.
187 Allen Dulles: From Hitler’s Doorstep pp. 206-207, 595.
188 Hugh Trevor-Roper: The Philby Affair p. 78.
189 TNA KV4/192: Liddell Diaries p. 409.
190 Anthony Cave Brown: Bodyguard of Lies p. 315.
191 Genrikh Borovik: The Philby Files pp. 226-228.
192 Rufina Philby: The Private Life of Kim Philby pp. 90-91.
193 USNA RG 226 Entry 124 Box 13
194 Desmond Bristow: A Game of Moles pp. 150-159.
195 Tim Milne: Kim Philby: The Unknown Story pp. 130-133.
196 Phillip Knightley: Philby: The Life and Views of the KGB Masterspy pp. 107-110.
197 William L. Shirer: The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich pp. 1042-1072.
198 CIA online historical note.
199 Richard Breitman: US Intelligence and the Nazis pp. 100-101; USNA RG226 Entry 210 Box 304.
200 TNA FO 1093/219
201 Anthony Glees: The Secrets of the Service pp. 110-118.
202 Hans Speidel: Aus unserer Zeit pp. 109-112.
203 Hans Speidel: Aus unserer Zeit pp. 169-171.
204 Reinhard Neebe: Grossindustrie, Staat und NSDAP pp. 20-21.
205 Manfred J. Enssle: Five Theses on German Everyday Life pp. 5-7.
206 USNA RG319 270/84/1/01 Box 673
207 TNA KV 4/194 Liddell Diaries pp. 219-221.
208 Nadia Benois: Klop p. 215.
209 Keith Jeffery: MI6 pp. 570-572.
210 TNA KV 2/197
211 TNA KV 2/198-201
212 TNA KV 2/198-199
213 TNA KV 4/469: Liddell Diaries pp. 105-110.
214 TNA KV 2/1457
215 Society of Former Special Agents of the FBI.
216 USNA RG65 230/86/11/3 Box 2
217 TNA FO 1093/206
218 Keith Jeffery: MI6 pp. 508-509.
219 Nadia Benois: Klop p. 215.
220 Walther Schellenberg: Invasion 1940 p. 256.
221 William L. Shirer: The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich p. 991.
222 USNA RG65 230/86/11/3 Box 2
223 TNA KV 2/95
224 USNA RG65 230/86/11/3 Box 2
225 TNA KV 2/95
226 Oliver Hoare: Camp 020: MI5 and the Nazi Spies p. 365.
227 Reinhard R. Doerries: Hitler’s Last Chief of Foreign Intelligence p. 47.
228 TNA KV 2/99
229 TNA KV 2/95
230 Reinhard R. Doerries: Hitler’s Last Chief of Foreign Intelligence p. 101.
231 USNA RG226 Entry 210 Box 9
232 Reinhard R. Doerries: Hitler’s Last Chief of Foreign Intelligence pp. 48-55.
233 Gustav Hilger & Alfred G. Meyer: The Incompatible Allies pp. 338-340.
234 TNA KV 4/466 Liddell Diaries pp. 98, 154-156, 163-166.
235 TNA WO 208/4345
236 Robert Wolfe: Gustav Hilger: From Hitler’s Foreign Office to CIA Consultant.
237 TNA WO 204/11574 British interrogation of Obergruppenfuhrer Siegfried Kasche, German minister to Croatia, conducted 23 June–5 July 1945.
238 USNA RG319 Entry 134B Box 599
239 USNA RG319 Entry 134B Box 599
240 Nadia Benois: Klop p. 217.
241 TNA KV 2/94
242 USNA RG319 Entry 134B Box 599
243 For a fuller account see Richard Breitman: U.S. Intelligence and the Nazis pp. 203-226 and Aarons and Loftus: Ratlines.
244 Stephen Dorril: MI6, Fifty Years of Special Operations p. 335.
245 TNA KV 2/1495
246 Nigel West and Oleg Tsarev: The Crown Jewels pp. 185-186.
247 Nigel West and Oleg Tsarev: The Crown Jewels pp. 197-198.
248 Nigel West and Oleg Tsarev: The Crown Jewels pp. 191-194.
249 TNA KV 2/1497
250 TNA KV 2/1495
251 TNA KV 2/1591
252 TNA KV 2/1496
253 TNA KV 2/1453
254 TNA KV 2/1629
255 TNA KV 2/1453
256 Arnold M. Silver: Memories of Oberursel.
257 Walther Schellenberg: The Schellenberg Memoirs pp. 307-308.
258 Stephen Dorril: MI6 Fifty Years of Operations pp. 189-190.
259 TNA KV 2/3644
260 TNA KV 2/1592
261 TNA KV 2/1453
262 USNA RG319 Entry 134-B Box 812
263 Arnold M. Silver: Memories of Oberursel.
264 Mark Aarons and John Loftus: Ratlines p. 50-51.
265 TNA KV 4/467 Liddell Diaries p. 74.
266 Richard Breitman: US Intelligence and the Nazis p. 146.
267 TNA KV4/467 Liddell Diaries p. 78.
268 TNA KV4/467 Liddell Diaries p. 100.
269 TNA KV 4/216
270 Keith Jeffery: MI6 The History of the Secret Intelligence Service pp. 504-505.
271 TNA KV 2/956-957
272 Nicholas Elliott: Never Judge a Man by his Umbrella p. 149.
273 Personal interview, January 2013.
274 Nadia Benois: Klop p. 219.
275 Personal property of Igor Ustinov.
276 Mark A. Tittenhofer: The Rote Drei: Getting Behind the Lucy Myth.
277 Sandor Rado: Codename Dora pp. 130-135.
278 Malcolm Muggeridge: Chronicles of Wasted Time vii p. 188.
279 TNA KV 3/349-351
280 TNA KV 2/1647
281 TNA KV 2/2714-5
282 TNA KV 2/3502
283 TNA KV2/2883
284 TNA KV 2/1010
285 Richard J. Aldrich: The Hidden Hand p. 97.
286 TNA KV 2/1657
287 František Moravec: Master of Spies pp. 186-187.
288 TNA FO 371/39864A
289 Klemens von Klemperer: German Resistance Against Hitler p. 193; Daily Telegraph, 15 November 2002.
290 TNA KV 2/1649
291 Richard J. Aldrich: The Hidden Hand pp. 98-101.
292 TNA KV 2/1647, KV 2/1612
293Sándor Radó: Codename Dora p. 238.
294 Elizabeth Wiskemann: The Europe I Saw pp. 42-45, 160-161, 200.
295 TNA KV 2/1611
296 TNA KV 2/1614
297 Hans Rudolf Kurz: Nachrichtenzentrum Schweiz pp. 54-57.
298 Constantine Fitzgibbon: Secret Intelligence in the Twentieth Century pp. 277-283.
299 TNA KV 2/981
300 The Manchester Guardian, 10 April 1948.
301 Personal interview, February 2014.
302 Personal interview, February 2014.
303 TNA KV2 1927
304 Meriel Buchanan: Ambassador’s Daughter pp. 142-3, 194.
305 H. G. Wells: H G Wells in Love pp. 163-4.
306 TNA HO 405/1996
307 TNA KV 2/979
308 Nina Berberova: Moura pp. 247-254.
309 Sofka Zinoviev: Red Princess, A Revolutionary Life.
310 TNA KV 2/979
311 TNA KV 2/979
312 TNA KV 2/980
313 Nina Berberova: Moura: The Dangerous Life of the Baroness Budberg p. 284.
314 Tania Alexander: A Little of All These p. 140.
315 TNA KV 4/187 Liddell Diaries pp. 709-710.
316 Harold Nicolson: Diaries and Letters 1939–1945 p. 197.
317 Christopher Andrew: Secret Service pp. 464-465; François Kersaudy: Churchill and De Gaulle pp. 161-167, 180-182.
318 TNA HW 15/43
319 TNA KV 2/980
320 TNA KV 2/1673
321 TNA KV 2/1674
322 The Times 30 October 2004.
323 The Times 15 June 2011.
324 TNA KV 2/981
325 Nigel West and Oleg Tsarev: The Crown Jewels pp. 151-152.
326 TNA KV 2/981
327 Tania Alexander: A Little of These p. 148.
328 The Sunday Times London, 2 May 2010.
329 Nadia Benois: Klop p. 197.
330 Tania Alexander: A Little of These p. 144.
331 Peter Ustinov: Dear Me pp. 345-346.
332 TNA FO 372/6337
333 TNA KV 2/2714 and TNA KV 2/2715
334 James Joll: Europe Since 1870 pp. 440-441.
335 Stewart Steven: Operation Splinter Factor gives a full account from the perspective of a CIA plot; Flora Lewis: The Man Who Disappeared tells the story from the Fields’ perspective.
336 Nigel West: Historical Dictionary of British Intelligence p. 556.
337 TNA KV 2/2209
338 TNA KV 4/466 Liddell Diaries pp. 201-2.
339 TNA KV 4/466 Liddell Diaries pp. 289-90.
340 Nigel West and Oleg Tsarev: The Crown Jewels pp. 238-9.
341 Nigel West and Oleg Tsarev: Triple X, Secrets from the Cambridge Spies p. 303.
342 Tom Bower: The Perfect English Spy p. 122.
343 Nadia Benois: Klop pp. 217-221.
344 Owain Hughes: Everything I Have Always Forgotten pp. 103-4.
345 TNA FO 1093/551
346 TNA FO 1093/551
347 TNA KV 4/472 Liddell Diaries p. 165.
348 TNA FO 1093/349
349 David Aaron Meier: A Cold War Catastrophe pp. 25-26, 134.
350 TNA KV 4/473 Liddell Diaries p. 2.
351 USNA RG263 230/86/22/06 Box 38
352 TNA KV 2/915
353 L-H 5/2/2
354 TNA FO 371/55671 C11118
355 Bob de Graaff: The Stranded Baron and the Upstart at the Crossroads.
356 Otto John: Zweimal kam ich heim pp. 251-252.
357 Sefton Delmer: Black Boomerang p. 260.
358 TNA KV 2/3715
359 USNA RG 319 270/84/1/01
360 TNA FO 371/109324 (Extracts released 1 October 2013 in response to FoI request)
361 TNA FO 371/109324 (Extracts released 1 October 2013 in response to FoI request)
362 TNA FO 371/109324 (Extracts released 1 October 2013 in response to FoI request)
363 Bob de Graaff: The Stranded Baron and the Upstart at the Crossroads.
364 The Times: 6 May 1957
365 Nadia Benois: Klop pp. 225-230.
366 Hans Speidel: Aus unserer Zeit p. 367.
367 Peter Wright: Spycatcher pp. 85-87.
368 Peter Ustinov: Dear Me p. 250.
369 Personal information, February 2014.
370 Peter Ustinov: Dear Me pp. 250-251.
371 Wolfgang zu Putlitz: The Putlitz Dossier.
372 Peter Day and Michael Smith: Daily Telegraph 4 March 2003.
373 Personal interview, February 2014.
374 Lynda J. Murray: A Zest for Life p. 23.
375 Interview with Igor Ustinov, 22 May 2013.
376 Nadia Benois: Klop p. 191.
377 Private correspondence.
378 Peter Ustinov: My Russia pp. 8-13.
379 Interview with Igor Ustinov, 22 May 2013.