THE ROMAN EMPERORS FROM AUGUSTUS TO JULIAN

(omitting usurpers)

Augustus, r. 27 BC–AD 14

Tiberius, r. 14–37

Gaius (Caligula), r. 37–41

Claudius, r. 41–54

Nero, r. 54–68

Galba, r. 68–9

Otho, r. 69

Vitellius, r. 69

Vespasian, r. 69–79

Titus, r. 79–81

Domitian, r. 81–96

Nerva, r. 96–8

Trajan, r. 98–117

Hadrian, r. 117–38

Antoninus Pius, r. 138–61

Marcus Aurelius, r. 161–80

Lucius Verus, r. 161–9

Commodus, r. 177–92

Pertinax, r. 193

Didius Julianus, r. 193

Septimius Severus, r. 193–211

Caracalla, r. 198–217

Geta, r. 210–11

Macrinus, r. 217–18 (caesar Diadumenianus, r. 217–18)

Elagabalus, r. 218–22

Severus Alexander, r. 222–35

Maximinus 1, r. 235–8 (caesar Maximus, r. 236–8)

Gordian I, r. 238

Gordian II, r. 238

Pupienus and Balbinus, r. 238

Gordian III, r. 238–44

Philip I, r. 244–8 (co-augustus Philip II, r. 247–9)

Trajan Decius, r. 248–51 (co-augustus Herennius Etruscus, r. 251, caesar Hostilianus, r. 251)

Trebonianus Gallus, r. 251–3 (co-augustus Volusianus, r. 251–3)

Aemilianus, r. 253

Valerian, r. 253–60

Gallienus, r. 253–68 (co-augustus Saloninus, r. 260)

Claudius, r. 268–70

Quintillus, r. 270

Aurelian, r. 270–75

Tacitus, r. 275–6

Florianus, r. 276

Probus, r. 276–82

Carus, r. 282–3

Carinus, r. 282–5

Numerian, r. 283–4

Diocletian, r. 284–305

Maximian, r. 285–305; usurper 306–8, 310

Constantius I, r. 293–306

Galerius, r. 293–311

Severus II, r. 305–7

Constantine I, r. 306–37

Maximinus II, r. 305–13

Licinius, r. 308–24 (co-augustus Valens, r. 316–17)

Constantinus (Constantine II), r. 337–40

Constantius II, r. 337–61

Constans, r. 337–50

Julian, r. 361–3