BIBLIOGRAPHY

READERS WISHING A DETAILED ACCOUNT OF THE WAR should begin with Douglas Edward Leach’s Flintlock and Tomahawk, published in 1958 and still considered by many to be the single best history of the war. Another excellent retelling of the war, King Philip’s War, was authored in 1906 by respected Connecticut River Valley historians George W. Ellis and John E. Morris. While somewhat dated in its interpretations, King Philip’s War has the advantage of covering the war in Maine in the years after King Philip’s death. Readers lucky enough to own the original Grafton Press edition—still available in antiquarian bookstores—will be treated to a number of early-twentieth-century photos of important sites related to the war, many of which are reproduced in this book.

There are four important texts written by participants and observers of King Philip’s War, all of which are still quite readable despite their age. Boston’s minister Increase Mather and Ipswich’s minister William Hubbard published histories of the war in 1676 and 1677 respectively, both racing their texts to the sole printer in Cambridge. Mather’s The History of King Philip’s War is the quintessential Puritan interpretation of events and is both fascinating and insufferable because of that. Hubbard’s The History of Indian Wars in New England is of the same school, but includes more detail and benefits from Hubbard’s firsthand interviews of many of the war’s participants, including his friend and neighbor Major Samuel Appleton. A careful reading also shows that Hubbard was not above criticizing colonial leaders’ handling of the war effort, though his text needed to pass muster with Massachusetts Bay authorities and hence its criticisms are well veiled. Because both works were written while the war was being fought, there is some confusion as to dates and events; therefore, they should be tackled after a reading of Leach or Ellis and Morris.

Benjamin Church published his Entertaining Passages Relating to Philip’s War in 1716, and it is truly a soldier’s tale, dictated from the memory (and perhaps the field notes, too) of an old veteran to his son, some forty years after the end of the war. Numerous editions of Church’s work have been published over the years, but those edited and annotated by antiquarians Samuel Drake in 1829 and Henry Martyn Dexter in 1865 are by far the best. The notes that each write about the people, events, and sites of the war are treasures in themselves. More recently, the 1975 edition of the Diary of King Philip’s War 1675–76, published by the Little Compton Historical Society and introduced by Alan and Mary Simpson, is an outstanding summary of Church’s life and times, and of the way his work has been presented and interpreted through the years.

The fourth work by an observer of the war is The Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson, which Rowlandson published in Boston, Cambridge, and London in 1682. Few American colonial texts gained the popularity of Rowlandson’s narrative, which related events from the time of her capture by Indians at Lancaster in February 1676 to her release at Redemption Rock in Princeton, Massachusetts, some three months later. Dozens of editions have been published throughout the centuries; however, perhaps the easiest to secure is one published by the town of Lancaster in 1975, including a helpful set of notes by Robert Diebold.

The single book that perhaps best helps interpret and synthesize the writings of Mather, Church, and Rowlandson, as well as a handful of other contemporaries, is Richard Slotkin and James K. Folsom’s 1978 So Dreadful a Judgment: Puritan Responses to King Philip’s War, 1676–1677. Slotkin and Folsom’s analysis—widely quoted—pits the real events of the war against the Puritans’ written responses. By analyzing the distortions that appear in the latter, the editors highlight the crisis that the war brought to Puritan New England, and the many changes in society that it forced upon its participants.

For genealogists, and for those interested in the firsthand letters of English soldiers reporting on events from the field, George Madison Bodge’s 1906 Soldiers in King Philip’s War is a delight. Bodge had access to the account books of John Hull, treasurer at war of Massachusetts Bay colony from 1675 to 1678. Not only are Hull’s many lists reprinted and preserved, but Bodge includes sections on the postwar tribulations of King Philip’s War veterans attempting to hold Massachusetts to its wartime promises.

Contemporary analysis of King Philip’s War is limited to a handful of excellent texts, all written since 1980. Patrick Malone’s 1991 The Skulking Way of War examines the technology and tactics of both the natives and the English in the seventeenth century, with particular emphasis on how the Indians came to adapt various aspects of English technology to their own traditions, creating a potent military force in the process. Malone’s book is also full of wonderful nineteenth-century sketches of the war.

Three texts are fascinating for their examination of the period after King Philip’s War: Michael Puglisi’s 1991 Puritans Besieged, Daniel R. Mandell’s 1996 Behind the Frontier, and a collection of articles edited by Colin Calloway and published in 1997 entitled After King Philip’s War. Unlike the traditional histories, where events often end abruptly with the death of Philip, these texts see King Philip’s War as a transition event to a new period in New England colonial history. Puglisi focuses on the impact of the war in Massachusetts Bay Colony; Mandell examines the lot of the Indians in eighteenth-century Massachusetts; and Calloway edits a collection of articles that range from the myth of the disappearing Abenaki in Maine, to the relationship between the Narragansett and the state of Rhode Island during the Revolutionary period, to the impact of the nineteenth-century Massachusetts Indian Enfranchisement Act.

Finally, Jill Lepore’s 1998 The Name of War, while not a blow-by-blow retelling of the war, is an exceptionally well researched, detailed analysis of how the brutality and hatred of King Philip’s War influenced the relationships between Indians and Anglos in the United States for the next three hundred years.

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