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Aberdour, George Douglas, Lord 276
Acres, Joseph 54, 124
Act of Settlement (1701) 61, 65, 95, 105, 123, 154, 290
Act of Union (1707) 62, 95
Addison, Joseph 89, 117, 193, 263
Cato 89
Ahlden castle 79, 80
Albemarle, Anne, Countess of 254
Albert II of Ansbach 40
Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha 3, 4
Amalia Wilhelmine of Brunswick-Lüneburg 43
Amelia Sophia Eleanor, Princess
birth 92, 98
travels to London with Caroline 110
considered a miracle for her age 119
forced to stay with George Louis 173, 186–7
given apartment at Kensington Palace 180
relationship with George Louis 210
childhood and education 211–14
inoculated against smallpox 214–16
at her parents’ coronation 235
health of 240
letter concerning Richmond Lodge 251
correspondence with her former governess 257
character and description 268
relationship with George Augustus 269
stoicism in the face of ill-health 294
portraits of 303
and birth of her brother’s daughter, Augusta 327
Amigoni, Jacopo 271, 287
Anne of Denmark 235
Anne, Princess of Orange
birth 92, 93–4
childhood and education 211–14
receives christening gift from Queen Anne 94
travels to London with Caroline 110
considered a miracle for her age 119
forced to stay with George Louis 173, 187
given apartment in Kensington Palace 180
keeps in touch with her parents 187
diagnosed with smallpox 206
relationship with George Louis 210
at her parents’ coronation 235
marriage plans 265, 304
character and description 268, 269
relationship with George Augustus and Caroline 269
writes letter on behalf of Caroline issuing a social invitation 276
hunts in Windsor Forest 282
marriage to William IV of Orange 305–8
Anne, Queen 38, 44, 84, 91
unhappy pregnancies 2
queenship studied by Caroline 7
writes letters of congratulation to Sophia 72
considered as wife for George Louis 74
not invited to baptism of Frederick Louis 88
confers titles on George Augustus 89
sends christening gift to Princess Anne 94
birthday celebrations 98
reaction to heavyweight flattery 98
and question of succession 105–8
introduces deer in St James’s Park 160
illness and death 103, 108
Ansbach 17, 22, 38, 50, 132, 250
Applebee’s Original Weekly Journal 243
Arbuthnot, Dr John 224, 228–9, 269
Argyll, John Campbell, 2nd Duke of 137, 149, 157, 162–4, 323
Ariosti, Attilio 34, 223
Arkell, Richard 3
Arlaud, Benjamin 99
Arthur, Prince 1, 117
Augusta Frederica, Princess 327
Augusta of Saxe-Gotha 39, 318–19, 325, 326–7
Augustus II of Saxony 292
Ayliffe, Thomas 291
Bacon, Francis 196
Bancks, John, Description of London 121
Bartholomew Fair 190, 221
Bassen, Bartholomeus van, The King and Queen of Bohemia Dining in Public 176, 252
Bath, Lord 218
Bayreuth, Margrave of 305
Bedoghi, Lorenzo 69
Bell, John 189
Bellenden, Mary 10, 141, 162, 181–2, 224
Benedicta, Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg 42, 43
Benson, William 71
Bentley, Richard 249
Berkeley, George 314
Berkeley, Louisa, Countess of 111–12, 135
Berkshire, Catherine Graham, Countess of 273
Berlin 58, 60, 71, 78, 194, 288
Bernstorff, Baron 96
Berwart, Blasius 18, 72, 132
Big, Sarah 301
Bisset, William 238–9
Verses Compos’d for the Birth-Day of our Most Gracious Queen Caroline: The First Birthday of a Protestant Queen Consort for One Hundred and Ten Years 239
Blackwell, Sir Lambert 317
Blesendorff, Samuel 21
Bloodworth (equerry) 327
Boethius, The Consolation of Philosophy 64
Bolingbroke, Lord 218
Bolton, Henrietta Crofts, Duchess of 135
Bonet, Friedrich 171
Bononcini, Giovanni 34, 223
Asianatte 223
Bordoni, Faustina 223
Boscawen, Mrs 167
Bothmer, Hans Caspar von 49, 136, 165
Bowes-Lyon, Elizabeth 3–4
Bowles, Thomas 19
Boyle, Robert 299
Brandenburg 41
Brandenburg Academy of Sciences 38
Brandshagen, Miss 97
Bremen 170
Brereton, Jane, The Royal Heritage: A Poem 2
Bridgeman, Charles 189, 220, 221, 228, 252, 253, 287
Brinkman, Mr 161
Bristol, Elizabeth, Countess of 134–5, 161, 178, 188–9, 254, 270, 278, 311
Britannia Illustratra, Views of Several of the Queen’s Palaces and also of the Principal Seats of the Nobility & Gentry of Great Britain 131
British Journal 223
Broglie, Victor-Maurice, Comte de 127
Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, Dukes of 260, 290
Bückeburg, Countess of see Schaumberg-Lippe, Johanna Sophia, Countess of
Buckingham, Catharine, Duchess of 213
Burlington, Dorothy Savile, Countess of 254–5, 290
Burlington, Richard Boyle, Earl of 193, 310
Burnet, William 284
Bute, Mary Stuart, Countess of 215
Butler, Joseph 196, 201
Cadogan, William 149, 156
Campbell, Colen 220
Carlos II of Spain 43
Carmen Corunarium: or, a Gratulatory Poem on the Coronation of King George II and Queen Caroline (1727) 238
Carnwarth, Robert Dalzell, Lord 149
Caroline of Ansbach
baptismal names 19
childhood and education 22–4, 39
family background 20–4
character and description 1–3, 5–6, 21, 24, 57, 58, 82–4, 90, 92, 99, 116–17, 157, 164, 185
commitment to Protestantism 1, 4, 42–51, 64, 117–18, 123–4, 154
intellectual and political interests 1, 4–5, 71–2, 99, 147, 147–8, 161–5, 193–201, 275–6, 283, 285–7, 295–302, 309
memoirs, novels, lampoons and poetry on 1–4, 11, 117, 123, 141, 150–2, 154, 164, 177, 191, 238–9, 242, 251–2, 291
as power behind the throne 1, 3–4, 236–7, 239–42, 244, 246–8
pregnancies, births and deaths of her children 1, 2, 86–8, 92, 98, 157, 162–3, 165–8, 176–8, 184–5, 208–11
relationship with Frederick Louis 1, 6, 118–19, 158–9, 180, 211, 248–50, 263, 264, 266–8, 270, 282, 316–18, 325–8
portraits of 2, 90, 99, 116, 118, 119, 128, 145, 157, 232, 237, 270–1, 302–3
historical neglect of 3–4
appointed regent in her husband’s absence 5, 280–1, 284–5, 323
relationship with Walpole 5, 6, 203–6, 242, 245–7
accompanies George when banished from court 10–13
family rifts and separations 11–12, 176, 185, 185–8, 211, 217
health of 13, 292–5, 314–15
knowledge of her stepfather’s infidelity 29–30
mentored by Figuelotte 32–5, 38–9
reactions to deaths of family and friends 32, 66–7, 109
refuses to change her faith to marry Archduke Charles 42–51, 55
friendship with Leibniz 55, 84–5, 100, 103–4
accepts marriage proposal from George Augustus 56–60, 67–8
wedding of 72–3
attitude towards Sophia Dorothea of Celle 82, 83
fidelity to George Augustus 83–6, 90, 91, 99–100, 146, 191, 285–6, 325
primary function at court 84
relationships at court of Hanover 84–6
contracts smallpox 89–90
anglophilia of 95–8, 121, 150–1
reaction to her husband’s infidelities 100–3, 283, 320–4
relationship with Henrietta 101–3, 183–4, 226–8, 313–15
travels to London with George Augustus 110–12, 115–16, 122
public persona and popularity of 122–4, 126–7, 150–1, 153–4, 159
formal and informal entertainments 124–6, 221–4, 276–8
philanthropy of 124, 154, 163, 199, 236, 239, 242
would ‘as soon live on a dunghill as return to Hanover’ 127
attends coronation of George Louis 128–9
position at English court 130–1
female household 132–45, 153, 178–81, 224–9, 255–9, 274–5
refers to the Marlboroughs as ‘the imperial family’ 138
belief in sanctity of royalty 143, 144
receives part of the annual civil list settlement 147
lobbied by Jacobites 148–50
celebrates her birthday and festival of St David’s 153
George Louis’s expressions of admiration for 154–5
moves to Hampton Court 160–5
consequences of opposition to George Louis 170–3
sets up princely court at Leicester House 175–8, 185
acquires Richmond Lodge 188–90
limited reconciliation with George Louis 192–3, 202–8, 210, 217
involved in upbringing and education of her children 212–14
organises inoculation of her children against smallpox 214–17
as focus for opposition politicians 217–18
involvement in South Sea Bubble 219–20
described by Walpole as ‘a fat old bitch’ 229
becomes queen 230
sentiments on George Louis’s death 231–2
coronation of 232–6
attachment to Kensington Palace and gardens 252–4
establishes court at St James’s and Kensington 254
offers Gay honorary position 259–60
prefers youngest son William over her eldest Frederick 262–3, 326
resumes habit of weekly dining in public 272–3
passion for walking 278–9
interest in gardening, architecture and the arts 287–90, 298–302
bathes regularly 290–1
concerned for Anne on her wedding night 307–8
effigy of burnt at Charing Cross 310
convinced her son Frederick is impotent 319
informed of Augusta’s pregnancy and birth of her child 327–8
death and burial 3, 328–31
Caroline Elizabeth, Princess
birth 92, 98
childhood and education 211–14
given apartment in Kensington Palace 180
relationship with George Louis 210
inoculated against smallpox 214–16
at her parents’ coronation 235
character and description 268–9
portraits of 303
Carteret, Bridget 210, 255
Carteret, Lady 274
Caryll, John 152
The Catalogue of All the English Plays in Her Royal Highnes’s Library (1722) 195
Catesby, Mark, Natural History of Carolina, Florida and the Bahama Islands 287
Catherine of Aragon 1, 117
Catherine of Braganza 1–2, 117
Chamberlyne, Edward 41
Charbonnier, Martin 70–1
Charles of Ansbach 266
Charles, Archduke of Austria (and King of Spain) 54, 59, 154
unsuccessful courtship of Caroline 42–4, 46, 47, 51, 198
marriage to Elisabeth-Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel 52–3, 235
Charles I 63, 117
Charles II 2, 117, 131, 162
Charles VI 235, 241
Charles XII of Sweden 57
Charles Wilhelm Frederick of Brandenburg-Ansbach 111
Cheere, Henry 333
Chesterfield, Philip Stanhope, 4th Earl 6, 98, 140, 155, 165, 170, 194, 220, 228, 256, 272, 283, 310, 313
Chesterton, G.K. 74
Christian Albert of Ansbach 20, 23, 33
Christian Henry of Brunswick-Lüneburg 65
Christiane Charlotte of Württemberg-Winnental 40
Christine of Baden-Durlach 40
Church of Scotland General Assembly 117
City Palace (Berlin) 38, 41
Claremont 282
Clarke, Alured 97, 297, 299
An Essay Towards the Character of Her late Majesty Caroline, Queen-Consort of Great Britain 7, 81
Clarke, Dr Samuel 196–200, 236, 287, 302
Demonstration of the being and attributes of God 196
The Scripture-Doctrine of the Trinity: wherein every text in the New Testament relating to that doctrine is distinctly considered 197
Sermons 201
Clavering, John 135
Clayton, Charlotte (later Lady Sundon)
memoirs of Caroline 3
in charge of the royal close stool 9
on Caroline’s preference for divinity over her children’s education 92
correspondence with Bishop of Oxford 123–4
and getting ahead at court 135
sponsored by Duke of Marlborough 135–6
character of 137
friendship with Caroline 141, 144, 179, 180, 192, 256, 296
correspondence with Lady Cowper 165, 179
gives support to Samuel Clarke 197, 199
and the cancelling of George Augustus’s debt 204
and the royal reconciliation 205–6
told of Caroline’s pregnancy 208
concerns regarding Caroline’s health 211
and primacy of George Augustus even over letter-writing 236
discovers Caroline’s umbilical rupture 256, 293
influence on Caroline’s household 258, 273
and smoothing ruffled feathers 276
portrait of 287
discovers cause of Caroline’s illness 293
as Duck’s go-between with Caroline 297, 299
consulted by Caroline about Duck 299
and Henrietta Howard 313
opposes Amalie von Walmoden coming to England 324
Clayton, Robert 201
Clinton, Lord 310
Cobham, Lord 299
Cockburn, Caroline 298, 299
Coke, Mrs 134–5
A Collection of Papers which Passed between the Late Learned Mr Leibnitz and Dr Clarke … 200
Compton, Spencer see Wilmington, Baron
Conduitt, John 195, 257, 280
Congreve, William 91
Conti, Antonio 195
Cooper, Edward 19, 119
Coram, Thomas, 5
Corporation of the Sons of the Clergy 124
Cowper, Lord 179, 204, 207
Cowper, Mary, Countess of
memoirs of 3
on drinking to the health of George Augustus 112
on the little princesses as miracles of their ages 119
on coronation of George Louis 128–9
on scramble for places in Caroline’s household 130, 134, 135
as member of Caroline’s household 135, 137, 143–5, 197
on Caroline kissing Lady Mayoress 137
considers Caroline her friend 145
on Germaine’s collection of rareties 151
daughter’s comment on St David’s Day celebrations 153
on flattering treatment by George Louis 155
on ill-feeling between Caroline and George Louis 157
on George Augustus 161
on living at Hampton Court 161
description of Caroline’s days 162
on possibility of Caroline miscarrying 165
learns of Caroline’s illness 167
present at birth of George William 167
leaves Caroline’s service 178
secret meetings with Caroline 179
on Caroline’s request for works by Bacon 196
on Clarke’s friendship with Caroline 198–9
on Walpole’s attempt to heal the royal rift 204, 205
on Caroline’s helplessness concerning the family rift 205
on Caroline as a grandissime comédienne 207
on question of household members present at royal births 209
on Caroline’s scepticism concerning her children and the Regency 217
involvement in South Sea Bubble 219
breakdown of relationship with Caroline 220, 225–6
Cowper, Sarah 153
Craftsman 247, 277, 300
Crailsheim 23–4, 32, 39, 250
Cresset, James 65, 79
Critical Review of Public Buildings 132
The Criticks: Being papers upon the times 190
Croker, John 238
Cunha, Catherine da 147–8
Cuzzoni, Francesca 223
Daily Courant 116
Daily Journal 287, 324
Daily Post 221, 297
Daily Post-Boy 299
Danckelmann, Eberhard von 34
Dashort, Anthonis Mor van 151
Defoe, Daniel 105, 116, 224
Tour Through the Whole Island of Great Britain 120
Dehn, Count Conrad von 241
de la Motte, Lieutenant Colonel August 265, 266
Delany, Mrs (Mary Pendarves née Granville) 137, 258–60, 267, 274, 276–7
de la Rose, Dr (court surgeon) 87
Delorain, Mary Howard, Countess of 141, 200, 225, 257, 316, 320
Denay, John 144
Dering, Mary 258
Dive, Penelope 255, 258
d’Olbreuse, Eléonore, Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg 85, 94
likened to ‘mouse droppings in the pepper’ 73, 111
Dorothea Frederica of Brandenburg-Ansbach 20, 40, 48
Dorset, Elizabeth, Duchess of 112, 135, 167, 225, 254, 313
Dorset, Lionel Sackville, Earl of 165
Dresden 28, 30, 32, 38, 71, 250
Dryden, John, The Indian Emperor 191, 257
Dubois, Nicholas 176
Duck, Stephen 112, 260, 295, 297–9, 301, 302, 316
The Thresher’s Labour 297, 298
Poems on Several Occasions 298
‘On the Queen’s Grotto, in Richmond Gardens’ 299–300
‘On a Screen, work’d in Flowers by Her Royal Highness Anne, Princess of Orange’ 304
Durfey, Mr 123
East India Company 221
Edict of Nantes (1598) 46
Edict of Potsdam (1685) 46
Edward III 334
Edward VI 288
Egmont, John Perceval, Lord 98, 201, 252–3, 261, 289, 316, 325
‘An Elegy upon the Young Prince’ (anon) 11
Eléonore, Duchess see d’Olbreuse, Eléonore, Duchess of Brunswick-Lüeburg
Eleonore Erdmuthe Louise of Saxe-Eisenach 39, 103
description of 20–1, 24–5, 26
marriage to John Frederick 20
pregnancies, births and miscarriages 22, 28–9
widowhood 23–4
second marriage to John George IV 25–31, 83
reaction to Billa 27–8
fears for her life 29–31
death of 32
considers conversion to Catholicism 44
temporarily loses her children to the court at Berlin 111
Elisabeth-Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel 52–3, 54
Elizabeth of Bohemia ‘the Winter Queen’ 62, 176, 289
Elizabeth I 103, 131, 195, 242, 288, 290, 301
Elizabeth of York 301
Eltz, Baron Philipp von 56, 58, 67, 78
Empthusen, Pieter van 70
Ernest Augustus of Brunswick-Lüneburg (Duke of York) 65, 93, 168, 209
Ernest Augustus, Elector of Hanover 69, 71, 73–5, 78, 79, 82, 110
Ernest Augustus, Prince Bishop of Osnabrück 156
Essex, John 130
For the Further Improvement of Dancing 126
Eusden, Laurence 276
Evelyn, John 131, 212, 218, 236
Evelyn, Sir John 196
Evelyn, Lady Mary 167
Eyre, Lady 270
The Festival of the Golden Rump (satirical print) 240
Fielding, Sarah 9
Fifty New Chuches Act (1711) 120
Figuelotte see Sophia Charlotte of Hanover
Fitzwilliam, Mary 255
Flying Post 100, 127
Fog’s Weekly Journal 301–2
Fox, Stephen 296
Franck, Johann Wolfgang 20
Frederica Louisa of Prussia 111, 266
Frederick I of Prussia (Frederick III, Elector of Brandenburg) 23, 24
offers a home to Caroline 32–3
character and description 33, 34
attitude towards his mistress 34, 103
elevated to ‘King in Prussia’ 34
attitude towards Caroline to marrying Charles of Spain 47, 50
unhappy at Caroline’s marriage to George Augustus 60
reaction to death of Figuelotte 66–7
Frederick II of Prussia ‘Frederick the Great’ 2, 199, 241, 265
Frederick II of Saxe-Gotha 39–40
Frederick III 288
Frederick Augustus of Brandenburg-Ansbach 22
Frederick Augustus of Brunswick-Lüneburg 75
Frederick Augustus of Saxony ‘Augustus the Strong’ 31–2, 81
Frederick Christian of Schaumberg-Lippe 110
Frederick Louis, Prince of Wales
birth of 87, 93
education of 111, 263
character and description 266, 270
relationship with Caroline and George Augustus 1, 6, 158–9, 180, 211, 248–50, 263, 264, 270, 282, 316, 325
portraits of 87–8, 271, 302–3
titles conferred upon 89, 263, 270
develops rickets 92–3
bilingualism as cornerstone of education 95
placed in the keeping of his great uncle Ernest Augustus 110–11, 211
inoculated against smallpox 216–17
possible marriage to his cousin Wilhelmine discussed 241
absent from parents’ coronation 248, 250
as chief mourner in grandfather’s funeral procession 248
sadness at death of George Louis 249
arrival in London 257
intended by his parents to be Elector of Hanover 262
unwelcome return to London 262–4, 266–7
marriage plans 265–6, 303, 305, 318–19
strained meetings with family in London 267–70
birthday celebrations 270, 276
takes part in family entertainments 282
homoerotic friendship with Hervey 296
at his sister Anne’s wedding 307
irritation at marriage of his sister Anne before his own 308
cultural patronage 316–17
sexual indiscretions 317
politicises his personal grievances 325–6
and birth of his daughter in difficult circumstances 326–7
expelled from court 328
Frederick William I of Prussia 49, 51–2, 57, 90, 209, 241, 265, 304
Frederick William of Brandenburg ‘the Great Elector’ 23, 41, 46
Fredericka Elisabeth, Duchess of Saxe-Weissenfels 43
Gascar, Henri 75
Gay, John 97, 123, 129, 152, 193, 219, 259, 286
Beggar’s Opera 259–60
The Captives 193, 259
The Shepherd’s Week 241
Gemmingen, Baronness von 110, 136, 180
Gentleman’s Magazine 253, 277, 330
George I (George Louis, Elector of Brunswick-Lüneburg) 51
birth of 75
banishes son from court 10–13, 172
coronation of 54, 129–30
arranges marriage for son George Augustus 57–60
assigns castle of Herzberg to Caroline 60
reaction to death of Figuelotte 66
refurbishes Herrenhausen 71
lack of panache at his court 72
relationship with son 73, 82–4, 86, 87, 136, 146–7, 149–50, 152, 156–7, 168–73, 205–6, 231
unhappy marriage to Sophia Dorothea of Cell 73–8
character and description of 74, 96
mistresses and illegitimate offspring 74, 76, 79, 79–80
refuses to invite foreign officials to grandson’s baptism 88
accession to English throne 106–9
travels to London for coronation 110–11
prefers company of Hanoverian entourage 126
attends opera 131, 207–8
dispenses with court protocol 143–4
relationship with Caroline 150–1, 154–6
dismissed as a ‘turnip-hoer’ 153
chooses godparents for grandson 168–9
names grandson George William 168
reaction to death of George Louis 177
anger towards son and family 178, 190–2, 201–2
lavish entertainments 185
retains control over grandchildren 185–7, 262–3, 265
displeased at acquisition of Richmond Lodge by George Augustus 188
visits Hanover 192, 217
limited reconciliation with George Augustus and Caroline 206–8, 209–10, 217
attempts to bring Frederick Louis to London 211
agrees to inoculation of grandchildren 215
involvement in South Sea Bubble 219
death of 229–30
stipulations in will concerning succession 262, 263
George II (George Augustus) 1
character and description 6, 56, 60, 83, 85, 88, 98–100, 226–7, 276, 321–2
relationship with Frederick Louis 1, 6, 158–9, 180, 211, 248–50, 261, 263, 264, 266–7, 270, 282, 304–5, 316, 317, 325–6
banished from court 10–13, 172, 175
as possible husband for Caroline 49–50
travels incognito to press his suit 56–8
agrees to marry Caroline 59–60, 67
sleeps through wedding sermon 72
relationship with father 73, 82–4, 86, 87, 136, 146–7, 149–50, 152, 156–7, 168–73, 190–2, 201, 231
effect of mother’s banishment on 81–2
attentiveness to Caroline 85–6, 93–4, 98–9, 237, 283, 285–6, 321, 325
bravery in battle 90–1
contracts smallpox 90
joins the army 90–1
poems inspired by 91
learns English 95
sexual (mis)adventures 100–3, 182–3, 283–4
as heir to English throne 106–9
travels to London 115–16
public persona 122–3, 126, 159
declaration of English blood 126
portraits of 128, 237, 302–3
state apartments at St James’s Palace 132–3
cultivates policy of ‘Englishness’ 136–7
predisposition for ceremonies and customs 138–9
created Prince of Wales 146–7
becomes president of charitable foundation 153
moves to Hampton Court 160–3
reaction to birth of second son 168
establishes secondary court at Leicester House 175–6
takes Henrietta Howard as mistress 182–5, 226–7, 284, 311–13, 315–16
moves to Richmond Lodge 188–90
limited reconciliation with George Louis 204–8, 217
attends opera with George Louis 207–8
involved in children’s education 212–13
as focus for opposition politicians 217–18
involvement in South Sea Bubble 219
birthday celebrations and entertainments 222–3
hangs portraits of mother in Leicester House 230
informed of George Louis’s death 230
makes financial provision for Caroline 237–8
satirical print on 240
political involvements 243–4, 246–8, 275–6, 309–11
considered Caroline’s puppet 245
moves into Kensington Palace 251
establishes court at St James’s Palace and Kensington 254
dismisses father’s court servants 257–8
receives a copy of father’s will 260–1
creates Anne princess royal 269
comment on the sterility of his conversation 272
resumes habit of weekly dining in public 272–3
appoints Caroline regent in his absence 280–1
visits to Hanover 280, 285
attitude to illness 294–5
arranges marriage of daughter Anne 305–6
arranges marriage of son Frederick to Augusta of Saxe-Gotha 318–19
replaces mistress Henrietta with Amalie von Walmoden 320–1, 323–4
survives storm at sea 324–5
expels Frederick from court 328
installs Amalie at St James’s Palace 331
George IV 235
George VI 3–4
George of Denmark 62, 117
George Augustus see George II
George Frederick of Ansbach 20, 43
George Louis, Elector of Hanover see George I
George William
birth of 167–8
godparents chosen by grandfather 168–9
named by grandfather 168
baptism of 169–70
death of 176–7, 208
George William of Celle 61, 73, 87
Germaine, Sir John 151, 290
Gibson, Edmund 179
Codex juris ecclesiastici Anglicani 96–7
Gin Act (1736) 324
Giusti, Tommaso 71, 146
Godeau, Siméon 36, 71
Göthe, Eosander von 36
Goupy, Joseph 221
Grafton, Charles Fitzroy, Duke of 39, 258, 282, 283
Grantham, Henrietta, Countess of 167
Grantham, Henry d’Auverquerque, Earl of 11, 279
Grantham House, Dover Street (London) 11, 13, 175, 178
Granville, Dowager Lady 258
Granville, Mary see Delany, Mrs (Mary Pendarves née Granville)
Greenwich Naval Hospital 119
Griffiths, Nehemiah 154
‘The Leek. A Poem on St David’s Day’ 153
Grindall, William 291
Grote, Johann Friedrich 211
Gucht, Michiel van der 119
Guelphi, Giovanni Battista 299
Gufer, Mark Anton 21
Hailes, David Dalrymple, Lord 12
Hamilton, Sir David 163, 166
Hampton Court 118, 132, 139, 145, 160–4, 181, 182, 210, 251, 273, 285, 287, 289, 307
Handel, George Frederick 72, 158, 210, 223, 232, 277, 288
Atalanta 319
Deborah 288
Floridante 223
Giulio Cesare in Egitto 223
Radamisto 207
Riccardo Primo, Rè d’Inghilterra 239
Rinaldo 128
This is the Day that the Lord has made 306–7
Water Musick 171
‘The Ways of Zion do Mourn’ 330
Hanet, Jean 263
Hanover 5, 34, 60, 68–73, 78, 84, 96, 106, 170, 192–4, 217–18, 280, 288, 289
Harley, Robert 50, 106
Harrington, Earl of 281
Harris, John, Bishop of Llandaff 255
Hawksmoor, Nicholas 120, 132, 333
Haym, Nicola Francesco 223
Hedwig Sophie, Duchess of Holstein Gottorp 57
Henrietta Maria of France 117
Henry VIII 1, 117, 151, 288, 290
Herrenhausen 69–71, 80, 97, 101–2, 132, 146, 165, 193, 195, 252
Hertford, Frances, Countess of 126, 142, 221, 222, 237, 254, 274, 296
Hertford, Lord 142
Hervey, Lord John
on Caroline as power behind the throne 2, 239–40, 245
on Caroline claiming that ‘popularity always makes me sick’ 123
on pageantry and splendour 138
on George Augustus loving England and hating Germany 152
on relationship between George Augustus and his father 156
on Mary Bellenden’s rejection of George Augustus’s advances 182
on Caroline’s iciness on finding a love letter 183
aphorism on George Augustus 184
on George Augustus’s relationship with Henrietta 184
on George Augustus and Caroline’s attitude towards Lady Portland 187
on Caroline’s denying herself seeing various men 200
mock’s Lady Deloraine’s absorption into philosophy 200
marriage to Mary Lepell 224
refers to Mary Howard’s ‘wretched head’ 225
on politicians and place-seekers 230
on the splendour of Caroline’s jewellery 233–4
records discussion on Whig loyalty 237
Walpole’s manipulation of Caroline 246
identifies Caroline’s ‘dominant passion’ as pride 247
describes Countess of Burlington as ‘a cringing House-Maid’ 254–5
on expense of court life 255
description of Frederick Louis’s return to London 264, 266–7
descriptions of Princesses Anne and Amelia 268, 269
on the reading of prayers 273
on the suffering of London’s luxury goods trade 274
on Caroline’s ‘stoking while she hated’ 276
on George Augustus’s brusqueries 278
on royal family breakfast 278
on Caroline’s indisposition at court entertainments 294
as Caroline’s cavalier servente 295–7
return to court 295–6
homoerotic friendships 296
described as an ‘amphibious thing’ 297
asked if he pitied Princess Anne 307
on Caroline’s ‘German outlook’ 311
on Caroline’s ill-health 314–15
on Frederick’s relationship with his parents 317–18, 326
on the pictures hung in Caroline’s dressing-room 321
on George Augustus’s bullying 322
on the death of Caroline 329
Memoirs 3, 6, 239, 242, 296
Hervey, Mary Lepell, Lady 141, 161, 181, 224, 228, 256, 296, 328
Het Loo 87
Highmore, Joseph 320
Hinchinbrooke, Elizabeth, Viscountess 134, 167
Histoire Secrette de la Duchesse D’Hanover 81
Hoadly, Bishop 201, 240
Hobart, Henrietta see Howard, Henrietta
Hogarth, William 9, 257
The Family of George II 302–3
A Performance of The Indian Emperor … 302
Hohenzollern family 22
Holbein, Hans 289, 290
Hollar, Wenceslaus 17–18, 120, 289
Houghton Hall, Norfolk 220, 286
Howard, Charles 99, 102, 182, 227, 228, 312–13
Howard, Georgiana 257
Howard, Henrietta 6
birth and family background 101
character and description 101
marriage to Charles Howard 101, 182
relationship with Caroline 101–2, 183, 184, 227–8, 312–14
travels to Herrenhausen 101–2
as mistress of George Augustus 102–3, 183–5, 226–7, 256, 284, 311–16
leaves son in England 111
as member of Caroline’s household 135–6, 256
entertains guests 162
installed at Leicester House 181
popular ballad on 181
encourages Swift to join Caroline’s circle 193
longs to escape her husband and life at court 226, 227
builds Marble Hill House 228
receives letter from Swift concerning Caroline’s philanthropic intentions 236
friendship with Gay 259
on Caroline and George Augustus’s reading habits 277
and George Augustus’s diversions 283
health of 311
becomes Countess of Suffolk 313
and death of husband Charles 314
withdraws from court 315–16
Howard, Henrietta (daughter of Mary Howard) 257
Howard, Henry 101
Howard, Mary see Delorain, Mary Howard, Countess of
Howe, Emmanual Scrope 87, 88
Howe, Sophy 137, 141, 181, 224–5
Hume, Sir Gustavus 133
Humphreys, Samuel 288
Humphries, John 190
Hyde, Anne 88
Ireland, Mrs Susanna 291
Irwin, Viscountess 322
Jacobites, Jacobinism 6, 10, 105, 106, 126, 129, 136, 137, 148–9, 156, 188, 309
James II 104, 117, 162, 213
James VI and I 62, 235, 289
Jervas, Charles 10, 232, 270–1, 287
Joanna Elizabeth of Baden-Durlach 20
Johann Georg of Saxe-Weissenfels 43
Johann Reinhard III of Hanau-Lichtenberg 40
Johann Wilhelm II, Elector Palatine 45–7
Johanna Sophia, Countess of Schaumburg-Lippe (and Countess of Bückeburg) see Schaumberg-Lippe, Johanna Sophia, Countess of
John Frederick, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach 19–23
John Frederick of Saxony 40
John George I, Duke of Saxe-Eisenach 20
John George IV of Saxony 39, 292
description and character 25, 26, 31
health of 25–6
marriage to Eleonore 25–6
mistress as possible half-sister 26–31, 76
death of 31
Jones, Mary 118, 328
Jorry, Christian Ulrich 110
Joseph I 53
Joseph, King of Hungary 43
Kennett, Dr White 166
Kensington Gardens 251–3
Kensington Palace 118, 132, 139, 191, 210, 250–1, 253–4, 279, 287, 289, 290, 324
Kent, William 234, 253–4, 287, 299, 300, 306, 316, 329
Kérouaille, Louise de, see Portsmouth, Duchess of
Kew Palace 270
Kielmansegg, Johann Adolf von 110
Kielmansegg, Sophia Charlotte von (half-sister of George Louis) 110, 130, 159–60, 195, 218, 305
King, Peter 246, 249, 283
King’s Theatre, Haymarket 131, 207
Kingsman, Thomas 235
Kinnoull, Earl of 129
Kip, Johannes, ‘St James’s Palace and Parts adjacent’ 131
Kneller, Sir Godfrey 44, 85, 128, 133, 157, 232, 271
Knesebeck, Eleonore von dem 77, 80
Koblenz 32
Königsegg und Rothengels, Leopold von 29
Königsmarck, Aurora von 81
Königsmarck, Count Philip Christopher von 76–8
Lambeth Palace 260
Lansdowne, Mary FitzMaurice, Lady 274
Laroon, Marcellus, The Cryes of the City of London Drawne after the Life 121
Le Coq, Jacques 241
Le Nôtre, Andre 36, 71, 132
Leeds, Peregrine Osborne, 3rd Duke of 222
Leibniz, Wilhelm 33, 195
admiration for Figuelotte 37–8
character and description 37, 42
as unofficial go-between for courts of Hanover and Berlin 37
involvement in Caroline’s expected marriage to Charles of Spain 42, 44, 48, 50, 59
correspondence with Elisabeth-Christine 53
friendship with Caroline 55, 84–5, 100, 103–4, 196–200, 242
attempt to reunite Catholics and Protestants 64
informed of Figuelotte’s death 66
writes drama for theatre at Herrenhausen 70
correspondence with Toland 92
attempts to understand parliamentary opinions 95
admired by Henrietta Howard 101–2
acknowledges Caroline’s dependence on George Augustus 104
correspondence with Duchess of Montagu 140
on George Louis’s treatment of his son 145
on decline in religious belief in England 197
death of 200, 286
‘On What is Independent of Sense and Matter’ 37
Theodocy 99, 198
Leicester House 175–7, 179, 181, 185, 190, 191, 193, 195, 206, 212, 213, 218, 222–4, 250
Leicester Square 175
Leineschloss 69, 70, 72, 77, 78, 80, 87, 132, 146, 248
Leopold I 28, 43
Lepell, Molly see Hervey, Mary Lepell, Lady
Leslie, Charles 122
Lietzenburg (or Lützenburg) (renamed Charlottenburg) palace 36–7, 69, 71, 132, 139, 195, 257
Lincoln, Lucy Pelham, Countess of 124
Liselotte, Duchess of Orléans see Orléans, Elisabeth Charlotte ‘Liselotte’, Duchess of
Locke, John 299
Essay Concerning Human Understanding 196
London Gazette 168, 330
Loudoun, Lady 138
Louis XIV 43, 46, 87, 105
Louis XV 235, 284
Louisa, Princess
birth of 210, 211
childhood and education 211–14
unaware of family undercurrents 269
takes part in afternoon theatricals 277
hunts in Windsor Forest 282
portraits of 302, 303
Louise Dorothea of Brandenburg 23, 59
Lowman, William 291
Lumley, Lady Mary 134
Lymington, John Wallop, 1st Viscount 276
Macclesfield, Charles Gerard, Earl of 63, 65, 297
Macky, John, Journey through England 188
Maddox, Isaac, Bishop of St Asaph 255
Madonett, Pierre 70
Magdalena Augusta of Anhalt-Zerbst 39
Maingaud, Martin 158, 213, 249
Mainwaring, John 207
Maitland, Charles 215–17
An Account of Inoculating the Small Pox 215
Mantua, Ferdinando Carlo, Duke of 34
Marble Hill House, Twickenham 228, 312, 313
Margarete Gertrud ‘Trudchen’ 79
Margate 115
Margravine of Bayreuth 2
Maria Antonia of Habsburg 23
Mariazell 53
Marlborough, John Churchill, Duke of 84, 95, 98, 104, 135
Marlborough, Sarah Churchill, Duchess of 6, 124–5, 138, 193, 209, 212, 232, 233, 279
Mary I 151
Mary II 2, 7, 63, 103–4, 118, 123, 124, 127, 129, 133, 139, 233, 234, 280–1
Mary of Modena 117
Mary, Princess
birth of 210
childhood and education 211–14
unaware of family undercurrents 269
takes part in afternoon theatricals 277
hunts in Windsor Forest 282
portraits of 302, 303
Mary, Queen of Scots 288
Mary (royal yacht) 115
Masham, Abigail 38
Maximilian II of Bavaria 23–4, 44
Maximilian William of Brunswick-Lüneburg 46, 65
Meadows, Mary 141, 255
Mencken, Otto 81
Mercier, Philippe 158, 210, 317
The Music Party 210
Meysenburg, Maria Katharine von 74
Middlesex, Lionel Sackville, 2nd Earl of 242
Mietke, Michael 34
Mohammed (Turkish valet) 144, 159, 254
Molesworth, Robert 194
Marinda: Poems and Translations upon several occasions 123
Mollet, André 132
Monmouth, Anne Scott, Duchess of 124, 162, 167
Monmouth, James, Duke of 162
Montagu, Edward Wortley 215
Montagu, Lady Mary Wortley
on being tainted with the distempers of our climate 5
on Caroline as a scheming cynic 6, 99
on the taverns of Hanover 68
on the fruit trees at Herrenhausen 70
on wedding gifts received by Caroline 73
on Frederick Louis’s fine hair and sprightliness 88
on crowds at York acclaiming the new king 108
relationship with George Louis 127
on Caroline’s choice of household 134
on Caroline’s influence over her husband 134
on the way to get ahead at court 135
on lewdness of court 141
on support for Hanoverian succession 148
on accomplishments of Frederick Louis 159
on George Louis’s inner circle 159
encourages Caroline to meet Pope 193
on the reputation of a quarrel 204
on Caroline resenting respect for George Augustus 208
inoculated against smallpox 215
describes pastoral revelry at Richmond Lodge 221
at coronation of George Augustus and Caroline 250
on the princesses’ former governess 257
on George Augustus in middle age 278
‘Monday; Roxana or the Drawing Room’ 138
Montagu, Mary, Duchess of 135, 140, 167, 178
Montalbano, Nicolò 78
Mordaunt, Anna Maria 255
Morgan, John 118
Morphew, John, Jack Frenchman’s Lamentation 91
Morris, Richard, ‘Elegy to Queen Caroline’ 2
Morton, James Douglas, 14th Earl of 276
Most Honourable and Loyal Society of Antient Britons 153, 222
Munderkingen, battle of (1703) 65
Mustapha (Turkish valet) 144, 159, 254
Neitschütz, Magdalena Sibylla ‘Billa’ von, Countess of Rochlitz 26–31, 76, 103
Neitschütz, Ursula Die Generalin von 26–7, 31
Nering, Johann Arnold 36
Newcastle, Thomas Pelham-Holles, Duke of 165, 168–70, 174, 191, 282
Newton, Isaac 197–8, 257, 286, 287
The Chronology of Ancient Kingdoms Amended 195
Opticks 196
Nicholls, Sutton 175
Norden, John 131
Norwich Gazette 277
Nottingham, Anne Hatton, Lady 137
An Ode to be Performed at the Castle of Dublin, On the 1st of March, being the Birth-day of Her Most Excellent and Sacred Majesty Queen Caroline 91–2
Old England journal 176
Oldfield, Ann 152, 194–5
Onslow, Arthur 243, 244
Oranienburg palace 41
Orban, Father Ferdinand 46–8, 50, 198
Original Weekly Journal 124
Orkney, Elizabeth Villiers, Countess of 250, 273, 282
Orkney, George Hamilton, 1st Earl of 282
Orléans, Elisabeth Charlotte ‘Liselotte’, Duchess of
on unsuitability of learning 36–7
description of Liebniz 42
confirms Caroline’s exemplary reputation 60
memories of Hanover at Christmas 68
assumes Herrenhausen is Sophia’s dower house 71
as the most improper letter-writer in Europe 72
‘mouse droppings in the pepper’ comment 73, 111, 143
on mistresses and cuckolds 76
on Sophea Dorothea at Ahlden 80
on George Augustus’s bad temper 85
on title of Princess of Wales 95
on familiarity being best 96
on jealousy 103
on length of Caroline’s letters to her 109
on Christmas 111
on etiquette at Versailles 140
lobbied by Jacobites 148–9
on rumour that George Louis was in love with Caroline 155
on noxious London air 160
learns of Caroline’s pregnancy problems 166
on trouble between George Louis and his son 170, 172
on cruelty of George Augustus to Caroline 173
relief at separate sleeping arrangements 184
learns of Princess Anne’s gift to her father 187
on George Louis spreading rumours about Caroline 191
on Caroline’s love for George Louis 192
concerned about inoculation 216
death of 274
correspondence of 288
Orléans, Philippe, Duke of 184
Orleans House, Twickenham 271
Ormonde, James Butler, 2nd Duke of 188
Ormonde Lodge see Richmond Lodge
Orpheus Caledonius; or, a Collection of the best Scotch Songs 154
Orrery, Charles Boyle, 4th Earl of 275
Oudenaarde, battle of (1708) 91, 137, 237, 280
‘Over the Hills and Far Away’ (Jacobite song) 10, 12
Oxford, Robert Harley, 1st Earl of 191
Palairet, Mr (writing master) 212
Parker, Thomas 249
Paulet, Anne 167
Pedro II of Portugal 44
Pembroke, Barbara, Countess of 178, 254, 313
Pendarves, Mary see Delany, Mrs
Penkethman, Mr (theatre owner) 221
Pepusch, John Christopher 260
Perceval, John 255
Perronet, Henry 70
Peter the wild boy 223–4, 254
Peterborough, Charles Mordaunt, 3rd Earl 184, 194
Philipps, Jenkin Thomas 213–14, 277
Philpot, Stephen, Essay on the Advantages of a Polite Education joined with a Learned One 212
Pignata, Giuseppe, Adventures with the Inquisition 66
Pinkethman, William 190
Pistocchi, Antonio 20, 86, 223
Pitt, Thomas 129, 171
Plantamour, Philip 32
Platen, Clara Elisabeth, Countess von 74, 76, 78, 103
Poelenburgh, Cornelis van, Seven Children of the King and Queen of Bohemia 252
Poley, Sir Edmund 57
Pöllnitz, Baron von 26
Polwarth, Patrick Hume, Lord 157–8, 230
Pomfret, Henrietta Louisa, Countess of 142, 211, 225, 254, 268, 269, 294, 296, 304, 324
Pomfret, Thomas Fermor, Earl of 257, 258
Pope, Alexander 152, 160, 162, 175, 184, 188, 189, 193, 228, 259, 286, 296, 313, 317
‘Court Ballad’ 141
Dunciad 6, 194, 286–7
Homer 97
The Iliad 5
Of the Characters of Women 2
The Shepherd’s Week 97
Porteous, Captain John 323
Portland, Elizabeth Noel, Lady 186, 187, 192, 206, 210, 251, 268
Portland, Henry Bentinck, 1st Duke of 12
Portland, Jane Martha Temple, Dowager Countess of 180
Portsmouth, Louise de Kérouaille, Duchess of 162
Potter, John, Archbishop of Canterbury 327, 328
Pretszch 250
Queen’s College, Oxford 333–4
Queensberry, Duchess of 193
Quennell, Peter, Caroline of England 3, 235
Rabelais, François, The Life of Gargantua and of Pantagruel 237
Raby, Thomas Wentworth, Lord 50, 58–9
Reeds, Mr (lace-maker) 144
Regency Act (1690) 281
Residenz Ansbach 17–19
Ricci, Marco 126
Rich, John 260
Richmond, Sarah, Duchess of 164, 254, 257
Richmond Lodge 188–90, 194, 208, 218, 221–2, 251, 278, 282, 286, 287, 290, 300
Richmond Palace 188
Richmond Park 190
Ridpath, George 100
Riegel, Christoph 68
Rizzio, David 154
Robethon, Jean de 165
Rochester 115
Rolli, Paolo 239
Rowe, Nicholas 195
Tragedy of Lady Jane Gray 151–2, 290
Roxburgh, John Ker, Duke of 191
Royal Academy of Music 222–3
Royal Navy 170
Rupert, Prince 137
Rushout, Sir John 252–3
Rysbrack, John Michael 2, 316, 324, 333
St Albans, Diana, Duchess of 133, 135, 143, 162, 167, 168, 178, 225
Saint-Evremond, Charles de 97, 150
St Germain-en-Laye 106
St James’s Palace 5, 108, 116, 118, 120, 124, 130–3, 135, 149, 166, 172, 180, 197, 206, 210, 218, 222, 251, 254, 264, 270, 272, 279, 285, 287, 306, 322, 324
St James’s Park 115, 167, 329
St John, Henry, Viscount Bolingbroke 106, 313–14
St John, Honourable Mrs 226
St Paul’s Cathedral 120
Salmon, Mary 301
Sartorio, Hieronymo 69
Saturday Evening Post 117
Saussure, César de 122, 152, 244, 267, 272, 287, 290
Savage, Richard 150, 260, 291–2
The Bastard 240
Scarborough, Richard Lumley, Earl of 165, 283, 309
Scharzfelz Castle 80
Schaumburg-Lippe, Johanna Sophia, Countess of (and Countess of Bückeburg) 12, 84, 97, 102, 110, 125, 136, 167, 180, 186
Schomberg, Lady Frederica 135
Schöpflin, Johann Daniel 240
Schulenburg, Frederick William von der 145, 172
Schulenburg, Melusine von der 145, 172
character and description 76, 79, 84, 155
children of 76, 79
mistress of George Louis 76, 79, 103, 130
recovers from smallpox 79
accompanies George Louis to London 110
as intermediary between Caroline and George Louis 170
relationship with Caroline 179
access to Caroline’s children 210
created Duchess of Kendal 218
involvement in South Sea Bubble 218–19
consulted about Frederick Louis’s marriage 305
withdrawal from court 305
Schütz, Baron von 86
Schütz, George von 95, 106
Schutz, Mademoiselle 96
Scott, Walter, The Heart of Midlothian 150, 164
Seeman, Enoch 232
Select Lords 283, 284
Septennial Act (1716) 147
Sewell, George, Verses to Her Royal Highness the Princess of Wales, Occasion’d by the Death of the Young Prince 177
Seymour, Lady Betty 307
Shadwell, Sir John 226
Shaftesbury, Anthony Ashley Cooper, 4th Earl of 276
Sheriffmuir, battle of (1715) 149, 156
Sherlock, Dr Thomas 201
Shrewsbury, Adelaide Talbot, Duchess of 133, 135, 162, 167, 226
Shrider, Christopher 232
Sloane, Sir Hans 206, 212, 215
Smith, Joseph 328, 334
Somerset House 126, 130, 133, 282
Sophia, dowager electress of Hanover 7, 38, 129
character and description 41–2
intellectual restlessness 45
hatred of Jesuits 46
believes Caroline should marry George Augustus 49–50
comment on Caroline 51
pleased at Caroline’s marriage to George Augustus 60
as heir to English throne 61–6
designs garden at Herrenhausen 70–1
welcomes Caroline to Leineschloss 72
tolerates husband’s mistress 76
influence on grandson George Augustus 82
comment on Marlborough 84
friendship with Caroline 86
comment on Caroline’s first-born son 88
fondness for niece 95
on Caroline’s ability to speak English 97
and question of English succession 105, 107
comment on Frederick Louis’s excitement at Christmas 111
collections assembled by 288
death of 107–8
Sophia Charlotte, Countess of Darlington see Kielmansegg, Sophia Charlotte von
Sophia Charlotte of Hanover ‘Figuelotte’
as Caroline’s mentor and guardian 7, 35, 38–9
character and description 33–5
love of music and philosophy 34–5, 37–8
death and survival of children 35–6
palace and gardens at Lützenburg 36–7
anglophilia of 37
interest in ‘the why of the why’ 38, 45
comment on Caroline’s appearance 44
attitude to Caroline marrying Charles of Spain 48–51
tolerates husband’s mistress 76
provides entertainments and culture at Lützenburg 139
marriage 265
death of 66–7
Sophia Dorothea of Celle
character and description 73–5
family background 73
marriage to George I 73–6
takes Swedish count as lover 76–8, 146
divorced and banished to Ahlden 78–80, 130, 171, 177
denied contact with her children 79, 80
romanticised in a novel 81
death and burial 229–30
and marriage of grandchildren 304
Sophia Dorothea of Prussia 76, 82, 85, 90, 108, 168, 209, 249, 265, 331
Sophie Charlotte of Brunswick-Lüneburg 25
South Sea Bubble 219–20
Spectator 3, 89, 263
Spence, Joseph, A Full and Authentick Account of Stephen Duck the Wiltshire Poet 298
Spence, Mr 275
Spenser, Edmund, The Faerie Queene 301
Stair, John Dalrymple, 2nd Earl of 309, 310
Stanhope, Lord see Chesterfield, Philip Stanhope, 4th Earl of
Steffani, Agostino 34, 69, 70
Stepney, George 77, 78, 83
on Eleonore 23, 24, 28, 30
on John George IV 25, 26
writes elegy to Eleonore 31
visits Eleonore 32
on Königsmarck’s vanishing 81
Stockers, Mr (lace-maker) 144
Stormont, David Murray, 6th Viscount 319
Strafford, Thomas Wentworth, Earl of 98, 246
Stuart, James Edward ‘the Old Pretender’ 63, 105, 106, 149
Stuart, James Francis Edward ‘the Young Pretender’ 309
Suffolk, Edward Howard, 8th Earl of 313
Suffolk, Henry Howard, 6th Earl of 109–10
Sunderland, Charles Spencer, 3rd Earl 155, 170, 171, 204, 208
Sunderland, Judith Tichborne, Lady 274
Swift, Jonathan 9, 91, 193–4, 223, 236, 286, 313
Gulliver’s Travels 228–9, 290–1
A Poem to his Majesty King George II on the present State of Affairs in England … 231
Talbot, William, Bishop of Oxford 123–4
Tankerville, Camilla, Countess of 322
Tankerville, Charles Bennet, 2nd Earl of 297, 299
Tate, Nahum 10, 191
Tenison, Thomas, Archbishop of Canterbury 53, 64–6, 127, 167
Thornhill, Sir James 118–19, 145
Tickell, Thomas 160, 193, 251
‘Kensington Gardens’ 154, 240
Royal Progress 2, 117
Tilson, George 68
Tobacco Excise Bill (1734) 309–11
Toland, John
welcomed into Figuelotte’s circle 37
on Sophia’s accomplishments 41–2
on George Augustus 56, 85
commends waterworks at Herrenhausen 71
on court at Hanover 82
on Caroline’s good humour and health 92
notes Sophia’s greed for English crown 95
An Account of the courts of Prussia and Hanover 118
Tower of London 115, 133, 167, 253
Townshend, Charles, 2nd Viscount 149, 155, 163, 164, 170, 208, 218, 264, 284, 285
Townshend, Dorothy Walpole, Lady 134
Treaty of Seville (1729) 284
Treaty of Utrecht (1713) 106, 136
Trevor, Thomas, 1st Baron 283
Triesdorf 58
Trimmell, Charles, Bishop of Norwich 205
Tyrconnel, John Brownlow, 1st Viscount 286
Uffenbach, Zacharias Conrad von 120
Ulrich, Duke Anton of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel 50–1, 53–5, 81
Octavia, a Roman Story 51, 81
Ulrike Eleonore of Sweden 57
University of Cambridge 95
Vaillant, Jacques 80
Vanbrugh, Sir John 132
Vanderbank, John 287
Vane, Anne 255, 317
Verden 170
Vernon, Sir Charles 220
Versailles 33, 71, 216
Verses on the Coronation of King George II and Queen Caroline 233, 238
Vertue, George 269, 290
Victoria, Queen 3
Vienna 260
Voet, Jacob Ferdinand 73–4
Voit, von (minister) 50
Voltaire, François-Marie Arouet 195, 199, 217
La Henriade 195
Letters Concerning the English Nation 289
Wake, William, Archbishop of Canterbury 178–9, 186, 201, 205, 206, 215, 217, 227, 260
Wallenrodt (Prussian envoy) 240–1
Walmoden, Amalie von 320–4, 331
Walpole, Horace
on Duke of Grafton teasing Caroline 39
on George Augustus taking mistresses 100, 182
on George Louis’s inner circle 159
on George Augustus’s preference for Caroline 184
on paintings at Leicester House 230
recollections of father 245
on Caroline as power behind the throne 247
on Anne Vane 255
on Mary Howard 257
on Amelia’s loss of youthful bloom 268
on Caroline as collector 288
on Caroline disguising her ill-health 292
Walpole, Robert 155
relationship with Caroline 5, 6, 203–6, 242, 245–7, 282, 286
disliked by Sarah Churchill 125
on George Augustus’s dislike of his son 150
objects to private audiences granted to Duke of Argyll 163–4
concerned at George Augustus’s interest in Parliament 165
and schism in government 170
brokers royal reconciliation 202–8, 245
character and description 202
defeats Peerage Bill 202–3
mistrusted by George Louis 217–18
involvement in South Sea Bubble 220
rebuilds Houghton Hall 220
describes Caroline as ‘a fat old bitch’ 229
informs George Augustus of his father’s death 230
satirised in print 240
dismissed from office 243
reinstated as first minister 244–7
as part of regency council 283
differences with Townshend 285
problems with Tobacco Excise Bill 309–11
effigy burnt at Charing Cross 310
on testiness of George Augustus 322
on Frederick and Caroline’s relationship 324–5
War of the Spanish Succession 87, 106
Wartenburg, Katharina von 34, 76, 103
Weekly Journal 190, 202, 222
Weissenfels 43–4, 45
Wentworth, Peter 220, 267, 278–9, 282, 294, 296
West, Richard, A Monody on the Death of Queen Caroline 4
Westminster Abbey 128, 232, 236, 330
Westminster School 235
Wharton, Thomas, To Her Majesty Queen Caroline on her Accession to the Throne 234
Whitehall, Palace of 131
Whitehall Evening Post 256
Wilhelmina Maria Frederica of Rochlitz 29, 265, 266
Wilhelmine of Prussia 241, 249, 265, 304–5
Wilhelmine Karoline see Caroline of Ansbach
Wilkins, W.H., Caroline the Illustrious 3
William III 43, 61, 63, 80, 87, 96, 105, 118, 123, 127, 234, 250, 281
William IV of Orange 305–8
William, Duke of Gloucester 62
William Augustus, Duke of Cumberland 210
birth and naming of 209, 211, 262
godparents 209
childhood and education 211–14, 271
Gay’s fables dedicated to 259
anecdote concerning being a monarch 261
character and description 261
resents return of older brother Frederick 261–2
intended by parents to succeed to the English throne 262
titles conferred upon 263
unaware of family undercurrents 269
house purchased for 270
portraits of 271, 303
hunts in Windsor Forest 282
at sister Anne’s wedding 307
birthday celebrations 316
William Frederick of Brandenburg-Ansbach 22, 23, 43, 50, 59, 69, 111, 266
William Frederick of Saxe-Eisenach 21, 25, 33
Williams, Anne 153
Williams, Margaret 153
Wilmington, Spencer Compton, Baron 218, 243, 244, 246
Windsor Castle 251, 282, 289, 297, 298
Wise, Henry 9, 160, 189, 252
Wissing, Willem 21
Wolfenbüttel, Duchess of 248
Wollaston, William, Religion of Nature Delineated 299
Worcester, Bishop of 273
Wren, Sir Christopher 120, 132
Zincke, Christian Friedrich 128, 237, 267