Footnotes

  1. Serious Crime Act 2015, Section 76: Controlling or Coercive Behaviour in an Intimate or Family Relationship.

  2. New Statesman, ‘Helen’s story of abuse in The Archers reminds me of my own’, 2 February 2016.

  3. Crown Prosecution Service (CPS), Violence Against Women and Girls (VAWG) Crime Report, 2015/16, p. 5, p. 32.

  4. Office for National Statistics, Crime Statistics: Focus on Violent Crime and Sexual Offences, England and Wales: year ending March 2016. Chapter 2, ‘Homicide’.

  5. Office for National Statistics, Intimate personal violence and partner abuse (February 2016).

  6. L. Kelly, N. Sharp and R. Klein, Finding the Costs of Freedom: How women and children rebuild their lives after domestic violence (London: Child and Woman Abuse Studies Unit, 2014), p. 19.

  7. Office for National Statistics, Crime Statistics: Focus on Violent Crime and Sexual Offences, 2014/15. Chapter 4, ‘Intimate personal violence and partner abuse’, Table 4.36.

  8. Office for National Statistics, Improving estimates of repeat victimisation derived from the Crime Survey for England and Wales (October 2017).

  9. Children Act 2004, Section 58.

10. Crown Prosecution Service, Violence Against Women and Girls (VAWG) Crime Report, 2016.

11. Her Majesty’s Inspectorate of Constabulary, Fire and Rescue Services, A progress report on the police response to domestic abuse (November 2017), p. 4.

12. Ministry of Justice/Office for National Statistics/Home Office, An Overview of Sexual Offending in England and Wales, 2013.

13. Refuge and Avon UK, ‘Define the Line’ study (March 2017): https://www.refuge.org.uk/­our-work/­affecting-change/­campaigns/­define-the-line/

14. The Scarlet Letter (1995) – based on Nathaniel Hawthorne’s book of the same name. Directed by Roland Joffé and starring Demi Moore, Gary Oldman and Robert Duvall.

15. Joan Smith, Misogynies (republished by the Westbourne Press, 2013): ‘There’s only one Yorkshire Ripper’, p. 175.

16. Evan Stark, Coercive Control: How Men Entrap Women in Personal Life (Oxford University Press, 2007).

17. In 1952 a Chase & Sanborn coffee advertisement ran in the New York Times that actually showed a man punishing his wife in this way.

18. Bridebook.co.uk (wedding planning website), December 2017.

19. Office for National Statistics, Statistical Bulletin: Divorces in England and Wales: 2016: Dissolutions and annulments of marriage by previous marital status, sex, age, fact proven and to whom granted.

20. Home Office, Ending Violence Against Women and Girls Strategy: 2016–2020, March 2016, p. 37 (Making VAWG ‘everyone’s business’).

21. https://www.gov.uk/­government/statistics/­crime-outcomes-in-england-and-wales-2015-to-2016.

22. Ibid., p. 39.

23. Ibid., p. 55.

24. Ibid., p. 40.

25. Sandy Hotchkiss, Why is it Always About You? (Simon & Schuster, 2003).

26. 16 per cent of victims report that they have considered or attempted suicide as a result of the abuse, and 13 per cent report self-harming. safelives.org.uk, ‘Insights Idva National Dataset 2013–14’. (SafeLives, 2015.)

27. Office for National Statistics, Domestic abuse, sexual assault and stalking (March 2016).

28. ‘Stalking and Harassment – The Victim’s Voice: A briefing from Protection Against Stalking (PAS) for the independent parliamentary inquiry into stalking law reform’, p. 2 (November 2011).

29. National Stalking Helpline 2011.

30. Office for National Statistics, Intimate personal violence and partner abuse (February 2016).

31. Crown Prosecution Service, Violence Against Women and Girls Crime Report, 2013/14.

32. Paladin, National Stalking Advocacy Service, 2015.

33. Paladin, National Stalking Advocacy Service, 2017.

34. Ibid.

35. Dr Rachel D. MacKenzie, Dr Troy E. McEwan, Dr Michele T. Pathé, Dr David V. James, Prof James R. P. Ogloff and Prof Paul E. Mullen, The Stalking Risk Profile: Guidelines for the Assessment and Management of Stalkers (StalkInc. & the Centre for Forensic Behavioural Science, Monash University, 2009).

36. Jane Monckton-Smith, Karollina Szymanska and Sue Haile, Exploring the Relationship Between Stalking and Homicide (Suzy Lamplugh Trust, 2017).

37. Owen Bowcott, Legal Affairs Correspondent, the Guardian, 5 July 2017.

38. ONS (2016), March 2015 Crime Survey for England and Wales (CSEW).

39. Home Office, Crime outcomes in England and Wales: year ending March 2017, 2nd edition. Statistical bulletin HOSB 09/17.

40. The Guardian, 26 April 2017.

41. Dr Holly Taylor-Dunn, Professor Erica Bowen and Professor Liz Gilchrist, The Victim Journey: A participatory research project seeking the views and experiences of victims of stalking and harassment (University of Worcester, 2017).

42. Cassell’s Concise English Dictionary, New Edition, 1992.

43. The Guardian, 27 March 2017.

44. A Fine Day for a Hanging by Carol Ann Lee (Mainstream Publishing Company, 2012), is meticulously researched.

45. Ibid., p. 52.

46. Ibid.

47. Ibid., p. 168.

48. Ibid., p. 171.

49. Ibid., p. 169.

50. Ibid., p. 167.

51. Ibid., p. 161.

52. HO 291/237 National Archive.

53. Helena Kennedy, Eve Was Framed: Women and British Justice (Vintage, 2005).

54. He was still trying to coerce me into handing over my bank account.

55. All statistics taken from Guardian article, ‘NHS staff lay bare a bullying culture’, Sarah Johnson, 26 October 2016.

56. Sylvia Walby, The Cost of Domestic Violence (Department of Trade and Industry, 2004).

57. Domestic Violence and the Workplace (TUC, 2014).

58. James Dunn, Mail Online, ‘He wanted me to have abs and a huge a**e like Kim Kardashian’, 19 May 2016.

59. Marcy Kreiter, International Business Times, ‘Donald Trump a Cry-Baby?’, 26 October 2016.

60. ‘Don’t let the bastards grind you down’. Margaret Atwood, The Handmaid’s Tale (Jonathan Cape, 1986).

61. Evan Stark, Coercive Control: How Men Entrap Women in Personal Life (Oxford University Press, 2007), p. 124.

62. Ibid., p. 125.

63. Ibid.

64. Ibid., p. 126.

65. Ibid., p. 151, ‘A Battered Woman’s Defense’.

66. Paula Hawkins, The Girl on the Train (Doubleday, 2015), p. 157.