INDEX

Abeken, Bernhard Rudolf, 535
absolute metaphors, 173–76, 213, 215, 218, 240, 243, 287
action, in anthropological perspective, 260–63
actio per distans, 18, 260–63
Adorno, Theodor W., 12, 16, 109n32
Aesop, 528–29, 562–63, 566–70
aesthetics: ambiguity as feature of, 14, 125, 246, 437–38, 441–48, 521–23; anthropological approach to, 269–71; Blumenberg’s scholarly contributions to, 13–14; enjoyment as feature of, 311, 440, 459; human creativity as feature of, 311; inapplicable to nature, 354–55; and interpretation, 443, 445–47, 454; Kantian conception of, 288, 441; metaphor and, 246, 269; of poetic language, 456–65; reality in relation to, 269–70; rhetoric and, 178–79, 194; and subjectivity, 441, 442, 445, 447; surprise as feature of, 269–71; theory compared to, 125, 458; truth and, 499–501; Valéry’s, 408–13, 421–24, 431–37, 439, 447, 449, 456–57, 460–62, 464–65. See also art
airplanes, 322–23
Akzente (journal), 21
Albertus Magnus, 161, 346
d’Alembert, Jean le Rond, 166–67, 506
allegory, 442–44. See also cave imagery
Alsberg, Paul, 188
ambiguity: aesthetics/art characterized by, 14, 125, 246, 437–38, 441–48, 521–23; as feature of metaphor, 246; and objecthood, 416, 418, 424, 442; phenomenological analysis and, 38–39; philosophical language and, 455; Socrates and, 416–19, 422, 424–26, 429, 431, 440, 448; in Valéry’s Eupalinos, 416–32, 434–35
Ambrose, 67, 139n24
America: Civil War in, 479, 493–95; Faulkner’s work and, 476–98; mysticism of, 488, 497; mythos of, 476–77; in pioneer era, 478–79; South and North in, 479–80; and technology, 488–92
anamnesis (recollection), 255
Andreas-Salomé, Lou, 219–20
Andrée, Salomon August, 577, 578
anthropology: action from perspective of, 260–63; aesthetics from perspective of, 269–71; concepts from perspective of, 260–69; metaphor from perspective of, 18; non- and preconceptual thought from perspective of, 18–19; phenomenology from perspective of, 19–20; preemption as feature of, 262–69, 271; rhetoric from perspective of, 177–208, 292, 295–96; technology from perspective of, 303; theory from perspective of, 261, 265–66. See also humanity; philosophical anthropology
antiquity, concept of reality in, 14, 122–24
apocalyptic thought, 59–60
Aquinas, Thomas, 161, 347–48
Archipenko, Alexander, 446
architecture, 410–14
Archive for the History of Concepts (journal), 210
Arendt, Hannah, 24, 397n89
Aristotle: on art/technē, 316–17, 328, 332–35, 347–48, 510, 512; concept of reality of, 124; on creation, 330–32; and the dialogue form, 290; and human nature, 309–10; and language/thought, 35; and light, 134; and metaphysics, 118, 182; on nature and technē, 305; on Platonic ideas, 331; and politics, 85, 86, 88, 90; and possibility, 514; and science, 87, 88; and Unmoved Mover, 333, 347, 407
art: Aristotle on, 316–17, 328, 332–35, 347–48, 510, 512; consciousness and, 318; and creativity, 353–54; freedom of, 318, 440, 462; interpretation of, 443, 445–47, 454; invention as feature of, 312, 318–23; Kant on, 318n7; and metaphysics, 318–19, 326, 329–37, 353–57, 500, 511–12; in modernity, 511–12; nature in relation to, 312, 316–19, 323–24, 326–28, 334–39, 347–48, 356, 429, 431, 507–10, 512–13, 515–16, 521–22; objecthood of, 413, 424, 435–37, 442–44, 459; philosophy and, 365, 416, 419, 419–20n44, 422; Plato on, 326–28, 330–32, 507–10; and possibility, 356–57, 435, 440, 461–62, 514; reality in relation to, 434–35, 501; technology in relation to, 310–13; and time, 57n8, 418–21; truth in relation to, 499–501, 513–15; viewers/readers of, 436. See also aesthetics
atomism, 254, 285, 289
Auden, W. H., 169
Augustine, 67n15, 77, 132n5, 138n22, 150–55, 158, 161–62, 164, 290, 307n6, 309n8, 340–44, 346, 349, 503
Aurora borealis, 575–76, 578
Austin, J. L., 106
Avicebron (Ibn Gabriol), 149n48, 161n82, 346

Bacon, Francis, 144, 160, 164, 167, 225, 246, 375, 419
Balbus, 141
Balzac, Honoré de, 444, 518–19
Baruch, Bernard, 95
beauty, as symbol of the good, 287–88
Becker, Judith 473n3
Beckett, Samuel, 520n17
being: Augustinian conception of, 340–44, 346; in Greek metaphysics, 303–5; Heideggerian conception of, 119, 255–56; light as metaphor pertaining to, 130–31, 133, 151; linguistic history of, 35–36, 117–18; nature in relation to, 303–5, 326, 332–33, 339–46, 355–56; non-relative character of, 132–33; primordial experience of, 5
Benjamin, Walter, 109n32
Benn, Gottfried, 169n108, 220, 457, 462
Benz, Ernst, 143n33, 250
Berengar of Tours, 345
Bergson, Henri, 419
Berkeley, George, 239
Berlin, Isaiah, 2
Berthe, Hans, 573
Bertram, Johanne, 542
Bismarck, Otto von, 553
Blumenberg, Hans: academic career of, 7–9, 11, 13–16; death of, 23; education of, 3–4; as essayist, 2, 4, 10–11, 21–22, 29; life of, 3–5; major topics addressed by, 2; Nazi persecution of, 3–4; pen name of, 10; reception of, 1, 13, 24–25; topics addressed by, 10, 24–25; writing process of, 20–21
Blumenberg, Hans, writings: “The Absolute Father,” 11, 27, 469–75; “Advancing into Eternal Silence: A Century after the Sailing of the Fram,” 22–23, 28, 571–79; Aesthetic and Metaphorological Writings, 23; “An Anthropological Approach to the Contemporary Significance of Rhetoric,” 16–17, 27, 177–208; “Being—A MacGuffin: How to Preserve the Desire to Think,” 29; “Beyond the Edge of Reality: Three Short Essays,” 28, 547–61; Care Crosses the River, 2, 22; Cave Exits, 20; “The Concept of Reality and the Possibility of the Novel,” 14, 28, 499–524; “The Concept of Reality and the Theory of the State,” 17, 27, 83–116; “Contributions to the Problem of Primordiality of Medieval Scholastic Ontology,” 5; The Copernican Turn, 8; “Cosmos and System: On the Genesis of the Copernican World,” 7–8; Description of the Human, 19–20, 24, 25; “Does It Matter When? On Time Indifference,” 29; “Dogmatische und rationale Analyse von Motivationen des technischen Fortschritts” (“Dogmatic and Rational Analysis of Motivations for Technical Progress”), 109n; “The Essential Ambiguity of the Aesthetic Object,” 27, 441–48; The Genesis of the Copernican World, 1, 8, 17, 25; “ ‘Imitation of Nature’: Toward a Prehistory of the Idea of the Creative Being,” 8, 27, 316–57; “Introduction to Paradigms for a Metaphorology,” 170–76; The Laughter of the Thracian Woman, 15, 22; The Legitimacy of the Modern Age, 1, 8, 12–13, 25, 202; Life-Time and World-Time, 19; “The Life-World and the Concept of Reality,” 28; “Light as a Metaphor for Truth,” 8–9, 27, 129–69; “The Linguistic Reality of Philosophy,” 4–5, 6, 26, 33–39; “Moments of Goethe,” 22, 28, 531–46; “Money or Life: Metaphors of Georg Simmel’s Philosophy,” 28; “The Mythos and Ethos of America in the Work of William Faulkner,” 11, 27, 476–98; The Naked Truth, 24; “Observations Drawn from Metaphors,” 18, 27, 209–38; “Of Nonunderstanding: Glosses on Three Fables,” 22, 28, 562–65; “On a Lineage of the Idea of Progress,” 28; “The Ontological Distance: An Investigation into the Crisis of Husserl’s Phenomenology” (Habilitation), 4–6; Paradigms for a Metaphorology, 1–2, 9–10, 23, 25, 27, 29, 170–76, 213, 239; “Pensiveness,” 22, 28, 525–30; “Phenomeno logical Aspects on Life-World and Technization,” 8–9, 27, 358–99; Phenomenological Writings, 1981–1988, 19, 24; posthumously published, 23–24; Prefiguration, 24; “Preliminary Remarks on the Concept of Reality,” 26–27, 117–26; “Prospect for a Theory of Nonconceptuality, 18, 27, 239–58; The Readability of the World, 18, 20; “The Relation between Nature and Technology as a Philosophical Problem,” 8, 27, 301–15; Rigorism of Truth, 24; “ ‘Secularization’: Critique of a Category of Historical Illegitimacy,” 12, 26, 53–82; “Self-Preservation and Inertia: On the Constitution of Modern Rationality,” 28; Shipwreck with Spectator, 18, 20, 22; “Socrates and the objet ambigu: Paul Valéry’s Discussion of the Ontology of the Aesthetic Object and Its Tradition,” 14, 27, 400–440; “Speech Situation and Immanent Poetics,” 14, 449–65; St. Matthew Passion, 20; Theory of Nonceptuality, 24; “Theory of Nonconceptuality,” 18, 27, 29, 259–97; Theory of the Life-World, 19, 24; “Unknown Aesopica: From Newly Found Fables,” 22, 28, 566–70; “Wirklichkeitsbegriff unde Wirkungspotential des Mythos” (“The Concept of Reality and the Effective Potential of Myth”), 14–15, 29; Work on Myth, 1, 11, 15, 19, 25; “World Pictures and World Models,” 11, 12, 26, 40–52; Writings on Literature 1945–1958, 24; Writings on Technology, 24
Bodin, Jean, 70n19
Bodmer, Johann Jakob, 354
Bonaventure, 132n5, 154n68, 161–62, 348–49
Borges, Jorge Luis, 445n3
Boswell, James, 524
Böttiger, Karl August, 534–35
Brecht, Bertolt, 325n15
Breitlinger, Johann Jakob, 354
Brentano, Franz, 368
Breton, André, 270–71, 318, 523
Bröcker, Walter, 135n15, 515n13
Brod, Max, 470
Brücke, Ernst Wilhelm von, 558–61
Bruno, Giordano, 15, 290, 359
Bultmann, Rudolf, 59, 132n5
Burckhardt, Jacob, 71, 91–93, 184–85

Caravaggio, 168
Cardano, Girolamo, 531
Cassirer, Ernst, 87, 187
cave imagery: Auden’s use of, 169; in Christian thought, 143; light as metaphor in, 140–46; light as metaphor in Plato’s, 133–34, 140–42; metaphor of self-development in, 152; in modern philosophy, 144–46; monasticism and, 144; reality and unreality in Plato’s, 120, 206; reception history of Plato’s cave allegory, 20; truth and appearance in Plato’s, 91
Cervantes, Miguel de, Don Quixote de la Mancha, 146
Chaplin, Charlie, Modern Times, 362, 491–92
Christ, 20, 70, 80, 143
Christianity: cave imagery in, 143; conception of human nature in, 308; creation in tradition of, 307; light in, 148–53; philosophy in relation to, 65–67; rhetoric in tradition of, 178
Cicero, 138–42, 146, 160–61, 178, 290, 293, 338, 450
coincidentia oppositorum (unity of opposites), 221, 248
Cold War, 95
common sense. See sensus communis
Comte, Auguste, 202n30, 210, 325
concepts: anthropological approach to, 260–69; boundaries of, 271; characteristics of, 261–62; examples in relation to, 283–84; God as, 280–81; instantaneous evidence, 507; Kant on, 215–17, 273–74, 280–81; mathematics and, 273, 280; metaphor in relation to, 221–22, 236, 240, 250–51; objects in relation to, 273–74; philosophical, 9, 34–38, 129–30, 132, 171, 281, 455; philosophical research into, 129, 171–72, 209–13; reason in relation to, 259–67, 284–86; retrievability of objects as goal of, 268–69; and socialization, 263–64; symbols in relation to, 254–55, 286; as traps, 263–64. See also non- and preconceptual thought; reoccupation, of vacant concepts
concepts of reality: actualization of a context in itself, 503–4; in antiquity, 14, 122–24; Blumenberg’s formulation of, 7, 12, 14; defined, 7, 83–84; guaranteed reality, 503; indeterminacy and historicity of, 118; instantaneous evidence, 501–3; medieval, 14, 124; modern, 122–26, 515; resistance to the self, 505–6; the state and, 83–116; unreality in relation to, 117–26; utopia in relation to, 111. See also reality
Condorcet, Jean-Antoine-Nicolas de Caritat, marquis de, 202n30
consciousness: art and, 440; freedom of, 439; human self-development through, 35, 41–42; intentionality of, 368–73, 377, 384, 389; role of world pictures in development of, 48; technology in relation to, 42
consensus, 182, 185–87, 192–93, 198, 201
Copernican revolution, 17, 45–46, 207, 230–32
Copernicus, 7, 46, 230, 230–1, 275, 277, 576
creatio ex nihilo, 306, 340
creativity: artists/poets compared to God in, 353–54, 515; as characteristic of humans, 317–25, 328–29, 514; God and, 307, 313, 320, 330–31, 337, 339–44, 348–51, 353, 405–6; Nicholas of Cusa on, 320–21; Plato on, 330–31, 340, 405–6, 509; Valéry and, 421–22

Dante Alighieri, 555
darkness: light vs., 132–33, 135, 140–41, 150; positive value of, 154n68, 156
Darwin, Charles, 49–50, 200; On the Origin of Species, 578
Deku, Henry, 341
democracy, role of rhetoric in, 203–4
Democritus, 289, 327n20
Der Spiegel (magazine), 107n31
Descartes, René: beginning as a notion for, 372, 375; cave of, 144–45; clarity and distinctness as ideals of thought for, 170–72, 211–12, 244, 261, 451, 503; doubt of, 120–21, 126; Husserl’s philosophy influenced by, 372, 391; Leibniz and, 391–92; method of, 42–43, 64, 167, 170–72; and modernity, 42; and morality, 43, 183–84, 244; and philosophy, 42–43, 296; and possibility, 351–52; and reality, 503, 512; and science, 42–43, 160, 186, 313; and the subject, 216
Destutt de Tracy, Antoine, 113
Diderot, Denis, 232, 362, 500n1
Dilthey, Wilhelm, 214, 550
Diogenes, 528
Dräger, Heinrich, 4
Droysen, Johann Gustav, 226–27
Drummond, Thomas, 168
Dufy, Raoul, 355
Duns Scotus, John, 163, 349n63

Eberhard, Johann August, 296
Eckermann, Johann Peter, 538–44
economic politics, 101–3
education, nature of, 51
egestas verborum, 294, 450
Eisler, Rudolf, Dictionary of Philosophical Concepts, 209–10
Eliot, T. S., 10, 444
Engels, Friedrich, 325; Communist Manifesto, 54, 75
Enlightenment, 87, 165–68, 576
Epicureanism, 137
Erasmus, Desiderius, 93n16
eschatology: allegorical interpretation of, 60–61; biblical-Christian notions of, 59–62; cosmic vs. individual, 61–62; light as metaphor pertaining to, 136; and the meaning of history, 57–62; progress not a secularized form of, 57–59, 63–65; temporality of, 59–61; theōria and, 157–58
Esperanto, 282
Eucken, Walter, 102
Euler, Leonhard, 252
evolution, 422–23
examples, in relation to concepts, 283–84
explosive metaphorics, 221, 248, 458–59

fables, 22, 562–70
Falk, Johannes Daniel, 536
Fallada, Hans, 10
familiarity: of language, 73; in the life-world, 374; metaphor and, 189; of mythic thought, 80; as obstacle to thought, 423; philosophical disruption of, 34; poetic disruption of, 458–59
Faraday, Michael, 252
Faulkner, William, 477–98; Absalom, Absalom! 479; “The Bear,” 478; “Dry September,” 480–81; A Fable, 80, 482, 488, 495–98; Go Down, Moses, 479; Intruder in the Dust, 479–80; “Old Man,” 497–98; Pylon, 489–92; Requiem for a Nun, 487–88; Sanctuary, 485–87; The Sound and the Fury, 482–85; The Unvanquished, 479, 492–95; The Wild Palms [If I Forget Thee, Jerusalem], 498
Federal Republic of Germany, 96
Ferenczi, Sándor, 219
Feuerbach, Ludwig, 100–101
Fichte, Johann Gottlieb, 549
Ficino, Marsilio, 243–44, 313
Fink, Eugen, 371
Fischer, S., 470
Flammarion, Camille, 246
Fleming, Paul, 24n69
Fontane, Theodor, L’Adultera, 476–77
Fram (ship), 572, 574–75, 577–78
Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (newspaper), 21
Frederick the Great, 291
freedom: art and, 318, 440, 462; creation linked to, 306; Kant on role of, in thought, 257–58, 272–73, 275–76; and metaphor, 257, 294; nature linked to, 305; pensiveness as form of, 527; poetry and, 462
Freud, Sigmund, 24, 190, 219, 232, 254, 470, 553, 558–59, 561
Freyer, Hans, 236–38

Gadamer, Hans-Georg, 550
Galileo Galilei, 15, 79, 383; Dialogo (Dialogue on the Two Chief World Systems), 165–66; Discourses, 87–88
Gamauf, Gottlieb, 229
Gehlen, Arnold, 16, 178n1, 180n3, 188–89, 196n24, 267–68
Gerhardt, Paul, 251
German Literary Archive, Marbach, Germany, 21
German Research Foundation, 213
gestures, of philosophers, 547–51
Gide, André, 178, 402n3, 502n4
Gnosticism, 111, 150, 158, 251
God: artists/poets compared to, 353–54, 515; concept of, 280–81; as creator, 307, 313, 320, 330–31, 337, 339–44, 348–51, 353, 405–6; father figure as substitute for, 11; humans in relation to, 77–79, 311, 324, 329; ineffability of, 221, 248; Kant on, 97, 287; and light, 148–50; rhetoric and, 198; and truth, 162, 178; visibility of, 157
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 19, 225, 228, 235, 273, 531–46; Achilleis, 542; “At Midnight,” 545–46; “Elegy,” 546; Faust, 540–43; Helena, 541–42; Poetry and Truth, 533, 544; Theory of Colours, 532–33
Goethe, Ottilie von, 538, 541
Goffman, Erving, Stigma, 192
Goldberger, Ludwig Max, 478
Grand Coalition, 96
Greek philosophy, 35–36
Grossner, Claus, 233–34
Grotius, Hugo, 87

Habermas, Jürgen, 15
Haeckel, Ernst, 219
happiness, 137
Harder, Richard, 223–24
hearing, metaphors of, 156–60
heat death, 572–77
Hebbel, Friedrich, 559–61
Hegel, G. W. F., 111, 114–15, 202n30, 281, 535
Heidegger, Martin: and being, 119, 188n12, 255–56; Being and Time, 5; Blumenberg’s engagement with, 5–6, 8, 11; critical of philosophical anthropology, 16; “Letter on Humanism,” 5; successors of, 119; and technology, 315
Heine, Heinrich, 76, 530, 536
Heisenberg, Werner, 506
Henrich, Dieter, 15, 328n22
Heraclitus, 35, 144, 156, 249, 254, 336
Herder, Johann Gottfried, 224–25
hermeneutics, 14, 450, 521
Herschel, William, 230
Heselhaus, Clemens, 13
Historical Dictionary of Philosophy (Ritter, Gründer, and Gabriel, eds.), 209–11
history: eschatology and the meaning of, 57–62; Husserl’s phenomenological conception of, 370–73, 387, 389, 397; language in relation to, 5, 6, 42, 45; meaning in, 45; metaphor of the source in, 222–27; as philosophical problem, 218; philosophy of, 61; technization in relation to, 384
Hobbes, Thomas, 74, 85, 111–13, 188, 203–5
Holland, Georg Jonathan von, 294
Homer, Odyssey, 143
horizon. See object horizon
humanities: meaninglessness of world pictures attributable to, 47, 48; science in relation to, 51–52
humanity: autonomy of, 311; created nature of, 307; creativity as feature of, 317–25, 328–29, 514; deficiency as feature of, 178–79, 181, 186, 189, 198, 292–97, 311; God in relation to, 77–79, 311, 324, 329; ideals of fulfillment of, 74, 76; invention as characteristic of, 366; light as metaphor pertaining to, 164–65; metaphysical devaluation of, 181–82, 323–26, 332, 335–36; metaphysical valuation of, 318–19, 329; nature in relation to, 305, 307–8, 366, 425, 432–34; pensiveness as characteristic of, 525–30; in philosophical anthropological perspective, 177–79, 207; risk-taking as characteristic of, 574; superfluousness as feature of, 266; technology related to nature of, 302, 305, 307–8. See also anthropology
Husserl, Edmund: Blumenberg’s engagement with, 4–7, 14; concept of reality of, 124; The Crisis of European Sciences and Transcendental Phenomenology, 6–7, 367–68, 387–88, 393; Descartes’s influence on, 372, 391; and epistemology, 79; gestures of, 549–51; history in the thought of, 370–73; on language and phenomenology, 37–39; on language and thought, 261; language theories of, 14; life-world concept of, 6–7, 220; on metaphors, 241; and music, 460–61; phenomenology of, 360, 368–77, 387–99; Philosophical Investigations, 371; “Philosophy as Rigorous Science,” 38–39, 390; and science in modern age, 378–83, 387–88; and skepticism, 183; and technization, 367–68, 377–84; on technology-nature relationship, 384–87
Huxley, Aldous, 10

ideas. See Platonic ideas
imagination, 44, 172, 174, 217, 219, 254, 288, 333–34n31, 444–45
imitation: in art-nature relationship, 312, 316–19, 323–24, 326, 334–39, 354–56, 507–10; basis of, 507; Plato on, 326–28, 330–32; rebellion against, 353; Scholastic conception of, 347–48
immanent poetics, 452–54, 456, 463, 465
immortality, 551–58
infinity: linguistic uses of, 534–35; in phenomenology, 389–94
information, as factor in politics, 106–7
institutions, 188–89
insufficient reason, principle of, 198–99, 252
intentionality, 368–73, 377, 384, 389, 393
International Society for the Exploration of the Arctic Regions by Means of the Airship (Aeroarctic), 571
interpretation, of art, 443, 445–47, 454
intuition: concepts and, 268; in Kantian epistemology, 282–84; myth and, 249–50
invention, 312, 318–23, 366
Iser, Wolfgang, 13, 193n20
Isocrates, 184–85

Janouch, Gustav, 470
Jaspers, Karl, 219
Jauß, Hans Robert, 13, 57n9, 440n88
Jay, Martin, 25
Jean Paul, 75n21, 146, 206, 544; Der Komet (The Comet), 516–17, 519
John, Revelation to, 249–50
Johnson, Samuel, 524
Jonas, Hans, 158n79, 577n18
Joyce, James, Ulysses, 482, 485
Jung, C. G., 190
Jünger, Ernst, 10, 326, 492
Justinian, 143

Kafka, Franz, 27, 125, 469–75, 520n17; The Castle, 471; “Letter to My Father,” 11, 470–75; The Metamorphosis, 473; The Trial, 471
Kant, Immanuel, 10, 43–44, 57n8, 97, 114, 116, 159; aesthetic theory of, 288, 441; Anthropologie, 183; on art, 318n7; on concepts, 215–17, 273–74, 276, 280–81; “Conjectural Beginning of Human History,” 214; Critique of Judgment, 282; Critique of Pure Reason, 275, 278, 284; Critique of Theoretical Reason, 296; Dreams of a Spirit-Seer, 216; on freedom, 257–58, 272–73, 275–76; and God, 97, 287; Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals, 275; Heine’s criticism of, 530; “History and Natural Description of the Earthquake,” 116; on immortality, 551; and mathematics, 273, 280–82; and metaphor, 174–75, 287–89; on method, 278–80; Perpetual Peace, 114; and reason, 200–201, 257–58, 273, 275–77, 296–97; on rhetoric, 206–7; on the soul, 556; on time, 245
Kapp, Ernst, 360–61
Kierkegaard, Søren, 90–91, 528
Kiesinger, Kurt Georg, 96n18
Klee, Paul, 356–57, 454
Kleist, Heinrich von, 253
Klempt, Adalbert, 70n19
knowledge. See thought/knowledge
Koselleck, Reinhart, 9, 218n16
Kuhn, Thomas S., 200; The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, 15, 185–86, 228–29

Lagrange, Joseph-Louis, 252
Lamarck, Jean-Baptiste, 200
Lambert, Johann Heinrich, 294
Landgrebe, Ludwig, 4, 7n11, 372n22
language: action as goal of, 291–92; adequacy of, 247, 272, 282, 293–94, 449–51, 462–63; in aesthetic perspective, 438; appropriate to technology, 321–22; conceptions of, 291; equivocity in, 454, 456, 458, 461–62, 464–65; exactitude in, 451; generally valid (quotidian), 35–37, 454–55; history in relation to, 5, 6, 42, 45; and human behavior, 17; human self-development through, 45; human self-discovery embodied in, 41–42; monological vs. dialogical, 34; phenomenology and, 37–39; philosophical, 33–39, 455; poetic, 452–54, 456–65; priority of, over thought, 451–52; relativistic theories of, 14; rhetoric and, 291–92; scientific, 454–55, 460; surplus of thought in relation to, 449–51; univocity in, 222, 454, 456, 463–64
Laplace, Pierre-Simon, 44, 251
Laplace’s demon, 54
Latin, 36
Lavater, Johann Caspar, 214
Lavrentyev, Mikhail, 233–34
legitimacy, of modernity, 66–68, 71–72, 81–82
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm: on creation, 350, 352–54; Descartes criticized by, 64, 121, 126, 391–92; monads of, 564; Nouveaux Essais, 455; on philosophy, 227–28, 391–92; and possible worlds, 352–54, 357; and reality, 121, 439; on spirit, 216; sufficient reason principle of, 198
Leonardo da Vinci, 312, 322, 358–59, 415n33, 423, 432, 433, 439; Treatise on Painting, 353
Lessing, Gotthold Ephraim, 213, 235, 506
Levetzow, Ulrike von, 545
Lichtenberg, Georg Christoph, 214, 229–32, 261
Liebman, Otto, 245
life: in anthropological perspective, 188, 232–33; reality in relation to, 83–84, 100; theory in relation to, 265–66; as a totality, 119, 216, 218, 259–60
life-world: Blumenberg’s use of concept of, 6–7, 8–9, 17–18; concealment as characteristic of, 375, 377–78, 380, 385–86; contingency of, 374, 378, 395; defined, 373, 377; Husserl’s concept of, 373–74; and metaphor, 220, 246; phenomenological study of, 376; philosophy and, 530; technization in relation to, 386, 395–96
light: Augustine’s conception of, 150–53; being subject to metaphors of, 130–31, 133, 151; cave imagery and, 133–34, 140–46, 153–54; characteristics of, 131; in Christian thought, 148–53; darkness vs., 132–33, 135, 140–41, 150; early conceptual uses of, 132–33; in Enlightenment thought, 165–68; evil in relation to, 148; the eye and vision in relation to, 153–56; in Greek thought, 132–35; in Hellenistic thought, 135–37; humanity as subject to metaphors of, 164–65; internalization of, 138–40, 146–47, 163–64; in medieval thought, 161–64; metaphorical significance of, 130–31; metaphorological study of, 130–69; morality subject to metaphors of, 138–40; in Plato’s cave allegory, 133–34, 140–42, 153–54; in skeptical thought, 137; technology as context for metaphorical conceptions of, 168–69; transcendent character of, 134–37, 146–47; truth subject to metaphors of, 151; will linked to, 149
Lilienthal, Otto, 322–23
linear perspective, 423, 446
Lipps, Hans, 158n79
Locke, John, 360, 455
Löwith, Karl, 12, 57n7, 73
Lübbe, Hermann, 54n1, 55n2
Lucretius, 342, 365–66
Lukács, Georg, 513n11
Luther, Martin, 159, 162n86, 351, 553

Machiavelli, Niccolò, 106, 290–91; The Prince, 86–90, 93
MacIntyre, Alasdair, 25
Mallarmé, Stéphane, 433
Malus, Louis, 532
Manicheanism, 148, 150, 159, 343
Mann, Thomas, 520, 115n44
Mannerism, 353
Marc, Franz, 355
Marcellinus, 341–42
Marconi, Guglielmo, 572
Marcuse, Ludwig, 548–49
Marquard, Odo, 26n74
Marx, Karl, 100–101, 104, 202, 325; Communist Manifesto, 54, 75
materialism, 50
mathematics: and concept formation, 273, 280; Husserl and, 379–82; Kant on, 273, 280–82; philosophy in relation to, 280, 282
Mattesilano, Matteo, 449
Mauthner, Fritz, 235
Maxwell, James Clerk, 252
Mayer, Tobias, 230
Melanchthon, Philip, 70n19, 159n80, 511n10
Meier, Helmut G., 212n8
Mendelssohn-Bartholdy, Lea, 544
metaphor: absolute, 173–76, 213, 215, 218, 240, 243–44, 287; and abstraction, 119; aesthetic aspect of, 246, 269; ambiguity as feature of, 246; and concept formation, 221–22, 236, 240, 250–51; disruptive character of, 240–42; explosive metaphorics, 221, 248, 458–59; Hobbes on, 204–5; Kant and, 174–75, 287–89; life-world and, 220, 246; overextension as characteristic of, 220–21, 232–33, 293–95; philosophical roles of, 173; rhetoric and, 172, 190, 204–5, 236, 289–90, 293; role of, in human life, 189–90, 294–95; suggestive nature of, 245; and theology, 251; Wittgenstein on similes and, 243, 252–53
metaphorology: anthropological approach to, 18; and conceptual history, 212–13, 250–51; origins of, 9; outline of, 9–10, 170–76; study of light metaphors as instance of, 130; study of source metaphors as instance of, 222–27
metaphysics: Aristotle and, 118; art and, 318–19, 326, 329–37, 353–57, 500, 511–12; humanity’s status in, 181–82, 318–19, 323–26, 329, 332, 335–36
Meyer, Ahlrich, 205
Middle Ages: concept of reality in, 14, 124; government in, 86; light as metaphor in, 161–64; spiritual and secular in, 76; technology in, 309–10
Milton, John, 354
mimesis. See imitation
Mithras, 143
modernity: art and aesthetics in, 511–12; Blumenberg and, 11–13, 24–25; concept of reality in, 122–26, 515; Descartes and, 42–44; discontent as characteristic of, 360; epistemology in, 309–10; legitimacy of, 66–68, 71–72, 81–82; materialization of “natural” phenomena as characteristic of, 89–90; and nature, 359; progress as feature of, 110–11; science as an idea in, 378–79; secularization and, 69–72, 77–79, 82; self-understanding of, 71–72; the state in, 93–94; technology in, 310–15, 359; theology and, 71–72; world model victorious over world picture in, 44, 47
molecularism, 251–52
Molyneux’s problem, 236
Montaigne, Michel de, 47, 144, 207, 235, 242; Apologie de Raymond Sebond, 182
Montesquieu, Charles-Louis de Secondat, Baron de La Brède et de, 92, 115–16
Moore, Henry, 446
morality: beauty as symbolic of, 287–88; Descartes and, 43, 183–84, 244; light as metaphor pertaining to, 138–40; Newtonian world picture and, 46; thought/knowledge in relation to, 42–44
More, Thomas, Utopia, 86–87, 90–93
Möser, Justus, 450
Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus, 538–39
music, 410–14, 460
Musil, Robert, Der Mann ohne Eigenschaften (The Man without Qualities), 520
mysticism, 74, 76, 111, 118, 134, 136, 154–55, 221, 247–49, 320, 365, 450, 455, 458–59
myths and mythical thinking, 19, 249–51, 268

Nansen, Fridtjof, 571–79
National Socialism, 3–4
natura naturans (creating nature), 334, 335, 363
natura naturata (created nature), 334, 363
nature: art in relation to, 312, 316–19, 323–24, 326–28, 334–39, 347–48, 356, 429, 431, 507–10, 512–13, 515–16, 521–22; being in relation to, 133, 303–5, 326, 332–33, 339–46, 355–56; book metaphor for, 232, 244; devaluing of, 355–56; humanity in relation to, 305, 307–8, 366, 425, 432–34; light in relation to, 134; mechanistic approach to, 354–55; modernity and, 359; nineteenth-century antinaturalism, 325; notion vs. understanding of, 43; phenomenological conception of, 370; rhetoric contrasted with, 205–6; “second nature” concept, 314–15; technology in relation to, 302, 305–7, 312, 325–26, 355, 359, 363, 365, 370, 384–87; unaesthetic character of, 354–55; Valéry’s conception of, 430–34
neologisms, 38
Neoplatonism: cave imagery in, 142, 143; and creativity, 328, 340; and imitation, 509–10; light imagery of, 135, 136, 152–54
Neue Rundschau (magazine), 470
Neue Zürcher Zeitung (newspaper), 21
Newton, Isaac, 46, 245, 252, 277–78
Nicholas of Cusa: Blumenberg and, 15; and coincidentia oppositorum, 221, 248; and concept of world, 145; and creativity, 320–21, 324, 350–51; and darkness, 154n68; dialogic form employed by, 290; and human autonomy, 312–13; and language, 455; and light, 163; Three Dialogues, 320–21
Nicholls, Angus, 4n4
Nietzsche, Friedrich, 573; on art, 500; on Christianity, 71; on creativity, 324; and eternal recurrence, 221, 248, 552–57; and Goethe, 541; and immortality, 552–58; on life as a concept, 218; and philosophy, 528; on reading, 548; and rhetoric, 179, 193, 295; and skepticism, 180
Nin, Anaïs, 270–71
Nizolius, Marius, 227
Nobile, Umberto, 571–72, 578
nominalism, 285, 311, 455
non- and preconceptual thought, 9–10; anthropological approach to, 18–19; nature of, 130; philosophical concepts in relation to, 129–30, 281; significance of, 247–48, 272; Wittgenstein and, 247
northern lights. See Aurora borealis
Novalis, 156, 381
novel: aesthetic status of, 508; Blumenberg’s study of, 11, 14; concept of a reality and the possibility of, 512–24; perspectivism in, 518–20; the world as theme of, 513, 523

objecthood: ambiguity and, 416, 418, 424, 442; of art, 413, 424, 435–37, 442–44, 459
object horizon, 369–70
objective cultural debt, 80–82
omnipotence, 340, 344–45
On the Cosmos (pseudo-Aristotelian work), 336
ordinary language, 454–55
ordinary language philosophy, 14
Ortega y Gasset, José, 313
Otto, Rudolf, 96n19

Panofsky, Erwin, 511n10
paradigm, concept of, 228–32
Parmenides, 118, 132–33
Parmigianino, 317–18
Pascal, Blaise, 123, 200, 358–59, 426n60, 555, 574
peace: and the state, 83–85, 96–97; utopia and, 108–10; worldwide, 97, 108–10, 112–14
pensiveness, 525–30
perspective, in painting. See linear perspective
Petrarch, 504–5n6, 511n10
Petrus Damiani, 345
phenomenology: ambiguity in, 38–39; anthropological approach to, 19–20; history from perspective of, 370–73, 387, 389, 397; and infinity, 389–94; intentionality as fundamental feature of, 368–73, 377, 384, 389, 393; language and, 37–39; overview of, 368–77; reduction as method of, 376; technization from perspective of, 367–68, 377–84
Philo of Judaeus (of Alexandria), 149, 157
philosophical anthropology: Blumenberg’s engagement with, 16–20; exploration of humanity by, 189; opponents of, 16; overview of, 16, 177–78; phenomenology and, 19–20; and physical existence, 187–88
philosophy: art/technē and, 365, 416, 419, 419–20n44, 422; Blumenberg’s conception of, 11–12; Blumenberg’s narrative approach to, 21–23; Cartesian conception of, 170–72; cave imagery in, 144–46; Christianity in relation to, 65–67; concepts in, 9, 129–30, 132, 171, 281, 455; critical function of, 11–12; cultural, 11; fundamental function of, 41; language of, 33–39, 455; and the life-world, 530; mathematics in relation to, 280, 282; metaphor as component of, 173; non- and preconceptual thought in, 9–10; pensiveness and, 527, 529–30; reading vs. seeing and hearing, 547–51; rhetoric in relation to, 172–73, 179–81, 184–85, 289–91, 364–65; role of, in the university, 41; science in relation to, 34–35, 38–41, 44–46, 50–51, 391, 393; scientific vs. historical approaches to, 211–12; self-criticism of, 360; theology in relation to, 66; and world pictures, 46–48
Picasso, Pablo, 446
Plato: and anamnesis, 255; on art, 326–28, 330–32, 507–10; on being, truth, and light, 133–34, 139, 142; cave imagery of, 20, 91, 120, 133–34, 140–42, 152–54, 206; on creation, 330–31, 340, 405–6, 509; dialogic form employed by, 289–90; Laws, 92; Meno, 283; and politics, 89–94, 110; reality and unreality in, 120, 124, 206, 501–2; Republic, 89, 91, 133–34, 326–28, 330–32, 507–9; and rhetoric/Sophism, 17, 94, 105–6, 172–73, 178–80, 206, 289–90, 295, 394; Socrates as prototypical philosopher for, 265–66; Timaeus, 330–31, 405, 509
Platonic ideas: and creation, 340; mimesis and, 327–29, 331, 508–9; reality associated with, 91, 181, 330–32, 342, 501; skeptical backlash against, 180; theory of, 89–90, 124, 283; truth associated with, 91, 394, 404
Platonism: and aesthetics, 507–8; and concepts, 274; and creation, 330–31; and mimesis, 328, 330–32; More’s utopianism vs., 91–92; Nietzsche’s criticism of, 295; Renaissance revival of, 511, 511n, 513; skepticism as outgrowth of, 138n22; Socrates and, in Valéry’s Eupalinos, 403–14, 422; Sophism vs., 17, 94; and truth, 67n15, 91–93, 393–94. See also Neoplatonism
Plessner, Helmuth, 16, 390n76, 549–50
Plotinus, 143, 147, 151, 155, 534
poetic language, 452–54, 456–65. See also poetry
Poetics and Hermeneutics, 13–15, 25, 27
poetry, and truth, 499–501. See also poetic language
politics: autonomy of, 87–88; capacities for action in, 95; economics and, 101–3; information as factor in, 106–7; and peace, 97–98; and power, 98–100, 103–4; rhetoric and, 94–95, 100, 105–7, 203–4, 290–91; scope of concept of, 101. See also state
Ponge, Francis, 438
Porphyry, 143
Posidonius, 337–38
positivism, 199, 233–34, 252
possibility: art and, 356–57, 435, 440, 461–62, 514; metaphysical, 332, 341–44, 348–55
Pound, Ezra, 143n34, 444, 464
power, politics and, 98–100, 103–4
preemption, and development of human nature, 262–69, 271
pre-Socratic thought, 5, 35, 143
progress: modernity and, 110–11; not secularized eschatology, 57–59, 63–65
Prometheus, 19, 474
property, 58, 66–69
Proudhon, Pierre-Joseph, 73–74
Proust, Marcel, In Search of Lost Time, 75n21, 461

Quintilian, 175, 242–43, 288

readers. See viewers/readers, of art
realism: classical, 125; philosophical, 118; political, 86, 94, 108
reality: absolutism of, 19; art/aesthetics in relation to, 269–71, 434–35; art in relation to, 501; in Greek thought, 502n3; historical concepts of, 501–6; philosophy in relation to, 180; in Plato’s cave allegory, 120; rhetoric in relation to, 180, 182, 184, 189, 205–6; state’s claims concerning, 83–84, 93–94, 108, 111–12, 114–15; substitutions for, 193–94; theoretical vs. practical, 296–97; theory in relation to, 265–66; unreality in relation to, 117, 120–21. See also concepts of reality
reason: concepts in relation to, 259–67, 284–86; Kant on, 200–201, 257–58, 273, 275–77, 296–97; rhetoric in relation to, 198–201, 203; theoretical vs. practical, 200–201, 257–58, 275–77; understanding in relation to, 273, 278
Reich, Wilhelm, 232
Reinhold, Carl Leonhard, 296
Rembrandt, 168
reoccupation, of vacant concepts/positions, 11, 12, 47, 64–65, 73, 194, 202
rhetoric: aesthetics and, 178–79, 194; antagonism to, 17, 94, 95, 103–6, 172–73, 206–7, 289–90, 292, 295; anthropological approach to, 178–208, 292, 295–96; Blumenberg on, 17; and consensus, 182, 186, 187, 192–93, 198, 201; economics and, 103; education and, 196–97; in Greek thought, 172–73, 184–85, 295; and language, 291–92; and metaphor, 172, 190, 204–5, 236, 289–90, 293; nature contrasted with, 205–6; philosophy in relation to, 172–73, 179–81, 184–85, 289–91, 364–65; political, 94–95, 100, 105–7, 203–4, 290–91; prayer and, 198; reality in relation to, 180, 182, 184, 189, 205–6; reason in relation to, 198–201, 203; in relation to action, 94–95, 105–6, 179, 182, 190–91, 193, 195–97; reoccupation of vacant concepts dependent on, 202; spiritual and secular, 76–77; truth in relation to, 178, 289. See also Sophism
Richter, Jean Paul. See Jean Paul
Rilke, Rainer Maria, 469, 555, 568; Book of Hours, 469
Ritter, Joachim, 9, 209–11, 242n8
roles, metaphor of, 191–92
Romanticism, 535–37
Rorty, Richard, 25
Rothacker, Erich, 9, 239
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 77–78, 101–2, 362–63, 366, 553

Saint-Simon, Henri de, 202n30
Sartre, Jean-Paul, 10
Scaliger, Julius C., 353, 505n6
Scheler, Max, 16, 550
Schiller, Friedrich, 535, 542
Schmitt, Carl, 24 86n4; Political Theology II, 13
Scholasticism: Descartes’s criticism of, 144–45; the language of philosophy in, 36, 38; light as metaphor in, 161–64; metaphysics of, 346–50
Schopenhauer, Arthur, 260, 264, 556
Schultz, Christoph Ludwig Friedrich, 542
Schwyzer, Hans-Rudolf, 223–24
science: autonomy of, 44–45; humanities in relation to, 51–52; language of, 454–55, 460; limitations of, 43–44, 50–51; modernity and, 378–79; motivation and rationale for, 246; nature of, 51; paradigms in, 228–32; philosophy in relation to, 34–35, 38–41, 44–46, 50–51, 391, 393; and practical life, 198–201; relation of, to humans and nature, 43–44; technology as applied, 42, 51, 302, 374–75; “unscientific” statements in relation to, 535–38; world models as product of, 43–44
Scott, Walter, 519n16
secularization: Blumenberg’s critique of concept of, 12, 53–82; as expropriation of the formerly spiritual, 55–56, 62–63; historical notion of, 53–56; intellectual property and, 69; legal notion of, 54; linguistic, 76–78; metaphorical uses of, 81; modernity and, 69–72, 77–79, 82; the spiritual in relation to, 53, 74; theology and, 53–54, 57–65, 68–69, 82; varieties of, 73
Seebeck, Thomas Johann, 532
Sembdner, Helmut, 253
Seneca, 338–39
sensus communis, 234–36
Seven Years’ War, 116
Sextus Empiricus, 15
Sigmund Freud Prize, 22
Simmel, Georg, 191–92, 221, 248–49, 548–49; Philosophy of Money, 119
skepticism: and action, 292; and human place in metaphysics, 182–83; and light as metaphor, 137; Platonic Academy as source of, 138n22, 180
Snell, Bruno, 213, 499n1, 502n3
Socrates: and Aesop’s fables, 528; and ambiguity, 416–19, 422, 424–26, 429, 431, 440, 448; body-soul dualism of, 412; and concepts, 283, 409; and the dialogue form, 289–90; on knowledge and virtue, 42, 180; and philosophy, 265–66, 364, 416, 424, 426, 448, 527–28, 566–67; and Platonism, 403–14, 422; and reality, 104, 137, 147; Sophists as antagonists of, 289, 364; in Valéry’s Eupalinos, 400–431, 448
Sophism: antagonism to, 17, 94, 95, 103–4, 178–80, 206, 289, 364, 394; and language/speech/persuasion, 35, 100, 103–4, 172–73, 184, 206, 289–90; and technē, 328–29, 364; and technology, 394. See also rhetoric
source, as a metaphor, 222–27
space, concept of, 123
speech acts, 291–92
Stallman, Martin, 56n4
state: Aristotelian conception of, 86, 90; classical conceptions of, 115; coercive character of, 111–12; crisis heightens sense of reality for, 84; in global federation, 112–14; Machiavellian conception of, 88–90; modern, 93–94; as natural, 85, 86; and peace, 83–85, 96–97; Platonic conception of, 89–94, 110; reality as claimed and granted by, 83–84, 93–94, 108, 111–12, 114–15; self-preservation of, 101, 112–14, 205; sovereignty of, 86; utopian conceptions of, 90–93, 108–11; withering of the, 104. See also politics
Sterne, Laurence, Tristram Shandy, 516
Stoicism, 137, 139, 332, 336, 557
Strauß, Franz Josef, 107n31
subjectivity, aesthetics and, 441, 442, 445, 447
Suhrkamp (publisher), 15, 22, 570
sun, life span of, 572–77
surrealism, 270–71, 318
symbols: concepts in relation to, 254–55, 286; in Kant’s thought, 286–88; meaning of, 285; metaphor in relation to, 189; the unconscious and, 275

taste, 288, 441, 447
Taubes, Jacob, 15–6, 24
technē (art, skill): art in relation to, 310; conceptual history of, 8, 27, 316–17, 363–64; nature in relation to, 304–7; philosophy and, 365. See also art; technology
technization: defined, 361; history in relation to, 384; Husserl’s therapeutic project against, 387–89; life-world in relation to, 386, 395–96; in non-Western countries, 398–99; phenomenological approach to, 367–68, 377–84; self-understanding and self-responsibility lost through, 384–89; theoretical character of, 381
technology: America and, 488–92; anthropological approach to, 303, 305, 307–8; as applied science, 42, 51, 302, 374–75; art in relation to, 310–13; autonomy of, 303, 314–15; Blumenberg’s philosophy of, 8–9; consciousness in relation to, 42; demonism of, 303, 323, 337, 491; Greek metaphysics and, 303–5; language appropriate to, 321–22; light as metaphor in relation to, 168–69; in Middle Ages, 309–10; in modernity, 310–15, 359; nature in relation to, 302, 305–7, 312, 325–26, 355, 359, 363, 365, 370, 384–87; as philosophical problem, 301–15, 323, 360–62; as second nature, 314–15; side effects of, 361–62; Sophism and, 394. See also technē; technization
Tertullian, 61n14, 67–68, 337, 339
Thales of Miletus, 249, 265–66, 566–67
Theiler, Willy, 224
theōria (contemplation): cognition of truth vs., 133; eschatological significance of, 157–58; eudaimonía (happiness) linked to, 137; human nature and, 305; mysticism vs., 136; philosophy and, 72, 139; suspension of thought vs., 137
theology: aspirational/transcendent thought and language of, 74; and human autonomy, 312–13; metaphor and, 251; modernity and, 71–72; philosophy in relation to, 66; secularization and, 53–54, 57–65, 68–69, 82
Theorie series, published by Suhrkamp, 15–16
theory: aesthetics compared to, 125, 458; anthropological approach to, 261, 265–66; reality in relation to, 265–66
Thielicke, Helmut, 477
Thomson, George, 506
thought/knowledge: language in relation to, 449–52, 462–63; morality in relation to, 42–44
time: concept of, 215, 245; metaphors of, 245–46
time, in Valéry’s Eupalinos, 418–19
Tocqueville, Alexis de, 161
tradition, 159–60
Trierweiler, Denis, 24n68
Truman doctrine, 95
truth: art in relation to, 513–15; Enlightenment conception of, 166–67; light as metaphor pertaining to, 151; metaphorological study of, 9; non-relative character of, 133; Plato on, 133; poetry and, 499–501; pre-Socratic thought and, 35; property in relation to, 68; rhetoric in relation to, 178, 289
typology, 214–15

unconscious, 274–75
understanding: defined, 285; reason in relation to, 273, 278; technical character of, in modernity, 311
United States. See America
universities, 41, 47–48, 52
University of Bochum, 15
University of Gießen, 11, 13, 40–41, 52
University of Hamburg, 4, 9
University of Kiel, 4, 7–8
University of Münster, 16
utopias, 90–91, 108–11

Vaihinger, Hans, 552–53
Valéry, Paul, 400–440; aesthetics of, 14, 421–24, 431–37, 439, 447, 449, 456–57, 460–62, 464–65; and creativity, 421–22; Eupalinos, 400–431, 448, 521; on language and meaning, 247, 272, 517n15; and Leonardo, 358–59, 415n33, 423, 432, 433, 439; “A Poet’s Notebook,” 464; “The Young Fate” (Jeune Parque), 401, 421, 435–36
Verne, Jules, 10
via negationis (way of negation), 78, 221, 248, 455
Vico, Giambattista, 160, 171–72, 174, 313
Vienna Circle, 14
viewers/readers, of art, 436, 446
vision, metaphors of, 153–61, 502n3
Vitruvius, 146
Vives, Juan Luis, 564
Voegelin, Eric, 12
Voltaire, 46, 116, 235, 291
Voyager 1 (space probe), 537
Voyager 2 (space probe), 537
Vulpius, Christian August, 228

Walzel, Oskar, 353
Waugh, Evelyn, 10
Weizsäcker, Carl Friedrich von, 97, 110n33, 573
whole, conceptions of, 218–19
Whorf, Benjamin Lee, 14, 452
Wieland, Christoph Martin, 566
will: divine, 346–48; light linked to, 149; metaphysical significance of, 343–44
William of Ockham, 349, 351
Wittgenstein, Ludwig, 243, 247–48, 252–53, 455; Philosophical Investigations, 248; Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus, 247, 272
Wolff, Christian, 280, 514n11
Wolzogen, Wilhelm von, 535
world: adequacy of language to, 247, 272; concept of, 284–85; phenomenological conception of, 370; as theme of the novel, 513, 523; as a totality, 285
world models: defined, 43; as scientific product, 43–44; world pictures in relation to, 43–48
world pictures: Darwinian, 49–50; defined, 43; disappearance of, 45–49, 51; materialistic, 50; philosophy and, 46–48; plurality of, 48–49; role of, in development of human consciousness, 48; world models in relation to, 43–48
Wright, Orville, 322–23

Zelter, Karl Friedrich, 532, 541, 544–45