CHAPTER 7. The First Big Machine
Edman and Begg’s chemistry work: Edman, Pehr and Begg, Gregory. “A Protein Sequenator.” European Journal of Biochemistry. 1967. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1432-1033.1967.tb00047.x/pdf
Dreyer secured a patent: Dreyer, William J. “Peptide or protein sequencing method and apparatus” U.S. Patent 4,065,412. Issued December 27, 1977 http://patents.com/us-4065412.html
a gas-liquid phase chamber: Sharrer, Terry. “The Dreyer Peptide and Protein Sequencer.” The Scientist. July 2007. http://www.the-scientist.com/?articles.view/articleNo/25189/title/The-Dreyer-Peptide-and-Protein-Sequencer/
An important new phase of protein chemistry is underway: Hunkapiller, Michael W. and Hood, Leroy E. “Direct microsequence analysis of polypeptides using an improved sequenator, a nonprotein carrier (Polybrene), and high pressure liquid chromatography.” Biochemistry. May 1978. http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/bi00604a016?journalCode=bichaw
patent application was whipped together: Hood, Leroy; Hunkapiller, Michael W. U.S. Patent #4,252,769. Filed Dec. 26, 1979, Issued Feb. 24, 1981 “Apparatus for the performance of chemical processes.” http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nphParser?Sect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsearchbool.html&r=38&f=G&l=50&co1=AND&d=PTXT&s1=4,252,769&OS=4,252,769&RS=4,252,769
excitement was palpable: Hunkapiller Michael W., Hood, Leroy. “New Protein Sequenator with Increased Sensitivity.” 1 Feb. 1980. Science 207:523-525 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7352258 http://www.sciencemag.org/content/207/4430/523
a blockbuster series of three more papers: Hunkapiller Michael W., Hood, Leroy. “Human Fibroblast Interferon: Amino Acid Analysis and Amino Terminal Amino Acid Sequence” 1 Feb. 1980. Science
207:525-526. http://www.sciencemag.org/content/207/4430/525.short
a blockbuster series of three more papers: Zoon KC, Smith ME, Bridgen PJ, Anfinsen CB, Hunkapiller MW, Hood LE. (1980) Amino Terminal Sequence of the Major Component of Human Lymphoblastoid
Interferon. Science 1 Feb. 1980 207:527-528. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7352260
a blockbuster series of three more papers: Taira HR, Broeze J, Jayaram BM, Lengyel P, Hunkapiller MW, Hood L. Mouse
Interferons: Amino Terminal Amino Acid Sequences of Various Species. Science 1 Feb. 1980 207:528-530. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7352261
a definitive paper: Hewick RM, Hunkapiller MW, Hood LE, Dreyer WJ. “A gas-liquid solid phase peptide and protein sequenator.” Journal of Biological Chemistry. 10 Aug. 1981 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7263636
Dreyer was the senior author: Interview with Lee Hood 19 Mar. 2016 (Confirmation that Dreyer deserved to be senior author on key 1981 publication in the Journal of Biological Chemistry describing the protein sequencer’s gas-liquid solid phase technology).
the instrument I invented: Dreyer, William. Interview by Shirley K. Cohen. Pasadena, California, February 18–March 2, 1999. Oral History Project, California Institute of Technology Archives. Retrieved Feb. 27, 2016 from the World Wide Web: http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechOH:OH_Dreyer_W
we’re going to make picks and shovels for the biotech gold rush: Applied Biosystems Company History. “Twenty Five Years of Advancing Science.”
a booster rocket: Dietrich, Bill. “Future Perfect -- Thanks To Bill Gates’ $12-Million Endowment, Scientist Leroy Hood Continues His Search For A New Genetic Destiny.” The Seattle Times. Pacific Magazine. 9 Feb. 1992. Page 6. http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=19920209&slug=1474735
once deemed impossible: Bell, John R., Hunkapiller, Michael W., Hood, Leroy E., Strauss James H. “Amino-Terminal Sequence Analysis of the Structural Proteins of Sindbis Virus.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. June 1978 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC392635/pdf/pnas00018-0188.pdf
mechanisms of life itself: Caltech Formally Welcomes The Braun Laboratories to Campus. Caltech News. Feb. 1983. Page 1. http://caltechcampuspubs.library.caltech.edu/2414/1/1983_02_17_01.pdf
they were more supportive of his dreams: Interview with Leroy Hood: America’s most productive biologist on philanthropy’s role in science. Philanthropy magazine. 31 Jan. 2013
Additional background reading:
A Report for the Year 1977-1978 on the Research and Other Activities of the Division of Biology at the California Institute of Technology.”
Hood, Leroy. “My Life and Adventures Integrating Biology and Technology.” A Commemorative Lecture for the 2002 Kyoto Prize in Advanced Technologies. https://www.systemsbiology.org/download/2002Kyoto.pdf
Hendricks, Melissa. “The Big Biology of Leroy Hood.” Johns Hopkins Magazine. Feb. 1990
Hood, Lee. “A Personal Journey of Discovery: Developing Technology and Changing Biology.” Annual Review of Analytical Chemistry. Annual Reviews. 20 Feb. 2008 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20636073