Bibliography

Please note that some of the links referenced throughout this work may no longer be active.

Addams, Jane. “The Modern Lear.” So Just: Speeches on Social Justice. http://www.sojust.net/speeches/addams_lear.html (accessed February 20, 2018).

________. Twenty Years at Hull-House. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1990.

Adelman, William J., et al. “The Pullman Strike: Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow.” John Marshall Law Review 33 (Spring 2000): 583–638.

Aldrich, Mark. Death Rode the Rails: American Railroad Accidents and Safety, 1828–1965. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2006.

Alexander, Benjamin F. Coxey’s Army: Popular Protest in the Gilded Age. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2015.

Altgeld, John Peter. Our Penal Machinery and Its Victims. Chicago: Jansen, McClurg, 1884.

Anaconda Standard. Anaconda, MT, 1894.

Arnesen, Eric. Brotherhoods of Color: Black Railroad Workers and the Struggle for Equality. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2001.

Badger, Reid. The Great American Fair: The World’s Columbian Exposition and American Culture. Chicago: N. Hall, 1979.

Bancroft, Hubert Howe. The Book of the Fair: An Historical and Descriptive Presentation. Chicago: Bancroft, 1893.

Barnard, Harry. Eagle Forgotten. New York: Bobbs-Merrill, 1938.

Beatty, Jack. Age of Betrayal: The Triumph of Money in America, 1865–1900. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2007.

Bly, Nellie. “Nellie Bly in Jail.” The Archive: Historic American Journalism. https://thegrandarchive.wordpress.com/nellie-bly-in-jail/ (accessed February 20, 2018).

Boase, Paul H., ed. The Rhetoric of Protest and Reform, 1878–1898. Athens: Ohio University Press, 1980.

Books of the Fairs. New York: New York Public Library. Microfilm, reel 121, item 3.

Boorstin, Daniel J. The Americans: The Democratic Experience. New York: Random House, 1973.

Brands, H. W. The Reckless Decade: America in the 1890s. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1995.

Brecher, Jeremy. Strike! Boston: South End Press, 1997.

Buder, Stanley. Pullman: An Experiment in Industrial Order and Community Planning, 1880–1930. New York: Oxford University Press, 1967.

Burg, David F. Chicago’s White City of 1893. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1976.

Burns, W. F. The Pullman Boycott: A Complete History of the Great R. R. Strike. St. Paul: McGill, 1894.

Campbell, Randolph B., et al. Our Nation’s Heritage, vol. 2. New York: American Heritage Custom Publishing, 1999.

Carnegie, Andrew. Autobiography of Andrew Carnegie. New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1920.

Carwardine, William H. The Pullman Strike. Chicago: Charles H. Kerr, 1994.

Cashman, Sean Dennis. America in the Gilded Age: From the Death of Lincoln to the Rise of Theodore Roosevelt. New York: New York University Press, 1993.

Central Pacific Railroad Photographic History Museum. http://www.cprr.org/Museum/Trans-Continental/index.html (accessed February 16, 2018).

Chandler, Alfred D., ed. The Railroads, the Nation’s First Big Business: Sources and Readings. New York: Harcourt, Brace and World, 1965.

Chicago History Museum. Pullman-Miller Family Papers.

Chicago Inter Ocean. Chicago, IL, 1894.

Chicago Times. Chicago, IL, 1894.

Chicago Tribune. Chicago, IL, 1893–1894; 1981.

Clark, Judith Freeman. America’s Gilded Age: An Eyewitness History. New York: Facts on File, 1992.

Coletta, Paolo Enrico. William Jennings Bryan, vol. 1. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1964.

Connelly, Donald B. John M. Schofield and the Politics of Generalship. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2006.

Cooper, Jerry M. The Army and Civil Disorder: Federal Military Intervention in Labor Disputes, 1877–1900. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1980.

Cozzens, Peter. The Earth Is Weeping: The Epic Story of the Indian Wars for the American West. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2016.

Currey, J. Seymour. Chicago: Its History and Its Builders. Chicago: S. J. Clarke, 1918.

Debs, Eugene V. “About the Unions.” Railway Times 1 (January 1, 1894). https://www.marxists.org/archive/debs/works/1893/931200-debs-abouttheunion.pdf (accessed February 19, 2018).

________. Debs: His Life, Writings and Speeches. Girard, KS: Appeal to Reason, 1908.

________. Letters of Eugene V. Debs. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1990.

________, et al. Organized Labor’s Demands. New York: Morning Advertiser, 1894.

________. “President’s Keynote Address” (June 12, 1894). https://www.marxists.org/archive/debs/works/1894/940612-debs-keynoteaddress.pdf (accessed February 17, 2018).

D’Eramo, Marco. The Pig and the Skyscraper: Chicago: A History of Our Future. New York: Verso, 2002.

Deverell, William. Railroad Crossing: Californians and the Railroad, 1850–1910. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993.

Douglas, George H. All Aboard: The Railroad in American Life. New York: Paragon House, 1992.

Dray, Philip. There Is Power in a Union: The Epic Story of Labor in America. New York: Doubleday, 2010.

Durham Globe. Durham, NC, 1894.

Edwards, Rebecca. New Spirits: Americans in the “Gilded Age,” 1865–1905. New York: Oxford University Press, 2015.

Eggert, Gerald G. Railroad Labor Disputes: The Beginnings of Federal Strike Policy. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1967.

________. Richard Olney: Evolution of a Statesman. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1974.

Elshtain, Jean Bethke. The Jane Addams Reader. New York: Basic Books, 2002.

Ely, Richard T. “Pullman: A Social Study.” Harper’s 70 (February 1885). http://urbanplanning.library.cornell.edu/DOCS/pullman.htm (accessed February 16, 2018).

Emerson, Jason. Giant in the Shadows: The Life of Robert T. Lincoln. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 2012.

Fink, Leon. The Long Gilded Age: American Capitalism and the Lessons of a New World Order. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2015.

________, et al., eds. Workers in Hard Times: A Long View of Economic Crises. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2014.

Fogelson, Robert M. America’s Armories: Architecture, Society, and Public Order. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1989.

Foner, Philip Sheldon. The Great Labor Uprising of 1877. New York: Monad Press, 1977.

________. History of the Labor Movement in the United States. New York: International Publishers, 1947.

Fraser, Steve. The Age of Acquiescence: The Life and Death of American Resistance to Organized Wealth and Power. New York: Little, Brown, 2015.

Gamst, Frederick C. “Labor Hero Eugene V. Debs.” Journal of Transportation Law, Logistics, and Policy 74 (Second Quarter 2007): 241–69.

Gilbert, James Burkhart. Perfect Cities: Chicago’s Utopias of 1893. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991.

Ginger, Ray. Altgeld’s America: The Lincoln Ideal Versus Changing Realities. New York: Funk and Wagnalls, 1958.

________. The Bending Cross: A Biography of Eugene Victor Debs. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1949.

Gompers, Samuel. Seventy Years of Life and Labour: An Autobiography. New York: A. M. Kelley, 1967.

Gould, Lewis L. The Progressive Era. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 1974.

Hirsch, Susan E. After the Strike: A Century of Labor Struggle at Pullman. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2003.

Howard, O. O. “The Menace of ‘Coxeyism.’” North American Review 158, no. 451 (June 1894): 687–705.

Howe, Irving. Socialism and America. San Diego: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1985.

Indianapolis Journal. Indianapolis, IN, 1894.

Indianapolis News. Indianapolis, IN, 1893–1894.

Karsner, David. Talks with Debs in Terre Haute. New York: New York Call, 1922.

Kaufman, Bruce E. Hired Hands or Human Resources? Case Studies of HRM Programs and Practices in Early American Industry. Ithaca: ILR Press, 2010.

Kersten, Andrew. Clarence Darrow: American Iconoclast. New York: Hill and Wang, 2011.

Knight, Louise W. Citizen: Jane Addams and the Struggle for Democracy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2005.

Labor, Earle. Jack London: An American Life. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2013.

Leach, Eugene E. “Chaining the Tiger: The Mob Stigma and the Working Class, 1863–1894.” Labor History 35, no. 2 (Spring 1994): 187–215.

Leach, Frank A. “The Great Railroad Strike of 1894.” Library of Congress. http://www.loc.gov/teachers/classroommaterials/presentationsandactivities/presentations/timeline/riseind/railroad/strike.html (accessed February 19, 2018).

Leonard, John. “Mr. Debs, My Darling.” Nation 269, no. 16 (November 15, 1999): 23–28. https://www.thenation.com/article/mr-debs-my-darling (accessed February 16, 2018).

Le Prade, Ruth, ed. Debs and the Poets. Pasadena: Cal. U. Sinclair, 1920.

Lewis, Lloyd. Chicago: The History of Its Reputation. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1929.

Leyendecker, Liston E. Palace Car Prince: A Biography of George Mortimer Pullman. Niwot: University Press of Colorado, 1992.

Lindsey, Almont. The Pullman Strike: The Story of a Unique Experiment and of a Great Labor Upheaval. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1942.

Locomotive Firemen’s Magazine.

Mack, Adam. Sensing Chicago: Noisemakers, Strikebreakers, and Muckrakers. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2015.

Madison, James. The Papers of James Madison. New York: J. and H. G. Langley, 1841.

Madsen, Axel. The Marshall Fields. New York: J. Wiley, 2002.

Martin, Albro. James J. Hill and the Opening of the Northwest. New York: Oxford University Press, 1976.

________. Railroads Triumphant: The Growth, Rejection, and Rebirth of a Vital American Force. New York: Oxford University Press, 1992.

McMurry, Donald Le Crone. Coxey’s Army: A Study of the Industrial Army Movement of 1894. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1968.

Menand, Louis. The Metaphysical Club. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2002.

Miller, Donald L. City of the Century: The Epic of Chicago and the Making of America. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1996.

________. “The White City.” American Heritage 44, no. 4 (July/August 1993). https://www.americanheritage.com/content/white-city (accessed February 16, 2018).

Montgomery, David. The Fall of the House of Labor: The Workplace, the State, and American Labor Activism, 1865–1925. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1987.

The National Cyclopaedia of American Biography, vol. 15. New York: James T. White, 1916.

Nevins, Allan. Grover Cleveland: A Study in Courage. New York: Dodd, Mead, 1933.

Newberry Library, Chicago, IL. Pullman Company Archives.

New York Times. New York, NY, 1893–1894.

New York World. New York, NY, 1894.

Pacyga, Dominic A. Chicago: A Biography. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2009.

Papke, David Ray. The Pullman Case: The Clash of Labor and Capital in Industrial America. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1999.

Pierce, Bessie Louise. A History of Chicago, Vol. 3: The Rise of a Modern City, 1871–1893. New York: Knopf, 1937.

Prout, Jerry. “Coxey’s Challenge in the Populist Moment.” Ph.D. diss., George Mason University, 2012.

Pullman’s Palace Car Company. The Story of Pullman. Chicago: Blakely and Rogers, 1893. https://archive.org/stream/storyofpullman00worl/storyofpullman00worl_djvu.txt (accessed March 28, 2018).

Rezneck, Samuel S. “Unemployment, Unrest, and Relief in the United States During the Depression of 1893.” Journal of Political Economy 61, no. 4 (August 1953): 324–45.

Riley, James Whitcomb. The Complete Poetical Works of James Whitcomb Riley. New York: Bobbs-Merrill, 1937.

Rondinone, Troy. The Great Industrial War: Framing Class Conflict in the Media, 1865–1950. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 2011.

Rousiers, Paul de. American Life. Paris, New York: Firmin-Didot, 1892.

Sacramento Daily Union. Sacramento, CA, 1894.

St. Paul Daily Globe. St. Paul, MN, 1893–1894.

Salvatore, Nick. Eugene V. Debs: Citizen and Socialist. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1982.

Sandburg, Carl. The Letters of Carl Sandburg. New York: Harcourt, Brace and World, 1968.

San Francisco Call. San Francisco, CA, 1894.

Schneirov, Richard. Labor and Urban Politics: Class Conflict and the Origins of Modern Liberalism in Chicago, 1864–97. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1998.

________, et al., eds. The Pullman Strike and the Crisis of the 1890s: Essays on Labor and Politics. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1999.

Schwantes, Carlos A. Coxey’s Army: An American Odyssey. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1985.

Shaw, Albert. “Post-Election Reflections.” Review of Reviews 15 (January–June 1897): 88–92.

Smith, Carl S. Urban Disorder and the Shape of Belief: The Great Chicago Fire, the Haymarket Bomb, and the Model Town of Pullman. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1995.

Smith, John H. Diaries. Signature Books Library. http://signaturebookslibrary.org/gaining-statehood/ (accessed February 19, 2018).

Smith, Page. The Rise of Industrial America: A People’s History of the Post-Reconstruction Era. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1984.

Stead, W. T. Chicago To-day: The Labour War in America. New York: Arno Press, 1969.

Steeples, Douglas W., and David O. Whitten. Democracy in Desperation: The Depression of 1893. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1998.

Steinway, William. Diary, 1861–1896. Smithsonian. http://americanhistory.si.edu/steinwaydiary/diary/?view=transcription&show_anno=true&page=2292 (accessed February 19, 2018).

Studenski, Paul. Financial History of the United States. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1963.

Taft, Philip. The A. F. of L. in the Time of Gompers. New York: Harper, 1957.

Taillon, Paul Michel. Good, Reliable, White Men: Railroad Brotherhoods, 1877–1917. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2009.

Teaford, Jon C. The Twentieth-Century American City: Problem, Promise, and Reality. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986.

Trachtenberg, Alan. The Incorporation of America: Culture and Society in the Gilded Age. New York: Hill and Wang, 1982.

Traubel, Horace. “Debs.” Conservator 14, no. 2 (May 1903): 40.

Truer, Tamara C. “Eugene V. Debs, James J. Hill and the Great Northern Railway Strike.” Ramsey County History 25, no. 1 (1990).

Tuchman, Barbara W. The Proud Tower: A Portrait of the World Before the War, 1890–1914. New York: Macmillan, 1966.

Turner, Frederick Jackson. The Frontier in American History. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1986.

Tye, Larry. Rising from the Rails: Pullman Porters and the Making of the Black Middle Class. New York: Henry Holt, 2004.

United States Department of Justice. Appendix to the Annual Report of the Attorney General of the United States for the Year 1896. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1897.

United States Strike Commission. Report on the Chicago Strike of June–July, 1894. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1894.

United States Supreme Court. In re Debs, 158 U.S. 564 (1895). https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/158/564/ (accessed February 18, 2018).

Wagenknecht, Edward. Chicago. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1964.

Watson, Bruce. Bread and Roses: Mills, Migrants, and the Struggle for the American Dream. New York: Viking, 2005.

Welch, Richard E. The Presidencies of Grover Cleveland. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1988.

White, John H. The American Railroad Passenger Car. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1978.

White, Richard. Railroaded: The Transcontinentals and the Making of Modern America. New York: Norton, 2011.

White, W. Thomas. “Montana and the Pullman Strike of 1894: A Western Response to Industrial Warfare.” Master’s thesis, University of Montana, 1970.

Whitman, Walt. The Works of Walt Whitman. New York: Funk and Wagnalls, 1968.

Wiebe, Robert H. The Search for Order, 1877–1920. New York: Hill and Wang, 2001.

Winston, A. P. “The Significance of the Pullman Strike.” Journal of Political Economy 9, no. 4 (September 1901): 540–61.

Wolmar, Christian. The Great Railroad Revolution: The History of Trains in America. New York: Public Affairs, 2012.

Wooster, Robert. Nelson A. Miles and the Twilight of the Frontier Army. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1993.

Wright, Carroll D. “The Significance of the Recent Labor Troubles in America.” International Journal of Ethics 5 (1895): 137–47.

Young, Marguerite. Harp Song for a Radical: The Life and Times of Eugene Victor Debs. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1999.