The page references in this index correspond to the printed edition from which this ebook was created. To find a specific word or phrase from the index, please use the search feature of your ebook reader.
absenteeism, voter, 7–8, 16, 164
absolutism, 5, 42, 43
Adams, Gerry, 129
Adams, John, 81, 83–5
adversary democracy, 107
Afghanistan, 39
Afsluitdijk, Netherlands, 12
Agenda Council, 141, 142, 144, 155, 161
agoraphobia, political, 89, 164
aleatoric-representative democracy, 67, 77, 93, 135, 157, 160; see also sortition
d’Alembert, Jean, 76
Alexander the Great, 58
American Airlines, 110
American Revolution (1776–89), 41, 43, 46, 55, 62, 63, 78–88, 93–8, 148
Amsterdam, Netherlands, 12
An Coinbhinsiún ar an mBunreacht, 118
anarchy, 5
d’Anglas, Boissy, 91
Anonymous, 29
anti-parliamentarianism, 30–4, 35, 36, 45, 48, 54, 158, 165
Antwerp, Belgium, 7, 12
apathy, 4, 5
Arab Spring (2011), 2, 27
Aragon, Kingdom of (1035–1706), 69, 73–4
aristocracy, 5, 43, 63, 72, 75, 76, 78–105, 148, 152, 160, 163
Aristotle, 66, 75, 85, 97, 148
Articles of Confederation (1777), 84
Assemblée Nationale, France, 81, 136
Athens, 26, 28, 58–67, 68, 72, 73, 74, 75–7, 79, 84, 85, 87, 90, 103, 108, 109, 139–40, 144, 145, 148, 150
Atlantic Monthly, The, 106, 108
austerity, 29
Austin, Texas, 110
Australia, 115
Austria, 8, 9, 18, 99
Balkenende, Jan Peter, 122
ballotta, 68, 70–2
banking crises, 12, 28
Barber, Benjamin, 107
Barcelona, Catalonia, 74
Barnave, Antoine, 81
Barnett, Anthony, 135
Belgium, 7, 8, 9, 10, 29, 48, 98–103, 131, 159–62
Ben Ali, Zine El Abidine, 53
Berlin Wall, 2, 58–9, 61
Berlusconi, Silvio, 17, 23, 51
Beurs van Berlage, Amsterdam, 28
Beyond Adversary Democracy (Mansbridge), 107
bi-representative democracy, 150–62
Björk, 128
Bologna, Italy, 70, 73
bottom-up systems, 57, 125
bourgeoisie, 31–2, 46–7, 80, 88, 91
Bouricius, Terrill, 138–50, 155, 157, 161
Bowling Green Park, New York City, 24–6
Brazil, 112, 113
Brescia, Italy, 73
Britain, see under United Kingdom
British Columbia, Canada, 117, 118, 119, 121, 122, 149
Brussels, Belgium, 31, 159
Buchstein, Hubertus, 137–8
Bulgaria, 101, 112
Burke, Edmund, 46–7, 89–91
Bush, George Herbert Walker, 106
Cairo, Egypt, 27
Callenbach, Ernest, 133–5
Cambridge University, 103
Canada, 81, 115, 117, 119–23, 126, 149, 150
Carty, Peter, 135
Castile, Kingdom of (1230–1516), 74
Catalonia, 123
central banks, 22–3, 28
Chamber of Representatives, Belgium, 159
Channel 4 (UK), 125
Channel Tunnel, 12
China, 23, 25–6, 112, 113
Citizen Juries, 113, 161
citizen participation, 106–31, 149–62, 163–4
Citizens’ Forum, Netherlands, 120, 122
citizenship, 3, 4, 12, 46, 51–2, 56, 111, 114, 150–1
civil society, 45, 47, 49–51, 123, 124, 163
clean energy, 112
climate change, 12
Clinton, William Jefferson ‘Bill’, 110
CNN (Cable News Network), 52
coalitions, 10–11, 35, 120
cohabitation, 22
colonialism, 1, 105
Commission Nationale du débat Public, 113
common sense, 18
communism, 1, 31–2, 33, 44
Congo, 39
Conscience, Hendrik, 103
conservatism, 4, 100, 136
Constitutional Assembly, Iceland, 116, 118–19, 126–8
constitutions, 23, 48, 66, 75, 81, 84–5, 88, 91, 92, 99–102, 118, 126–30
consultation, 6, 24, 31–3, 35, 37, 107–31, 149–62, 163–4
consumerism, 4, 50
Convention on the Constitution, Ireland, 118, 128–30, 161
corruption, 2, 40, 50, 60, 134, 152, 165
Council of 500 (Boule), 59, 63, 64, 65, 67, 72, 139, 145
Croatia, 162
Crouch, Colin 51
crypto-fascism, 159
Cyprus, 159
Czechoslovakia, 102
D66 Party, 120
De loteling (Conscience), 103
debt, 12, 25
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, 88
deliberative democracy, 106–30, 149–62, 163–4
Delta Works, 12
democracy
adversary, 107
aleatoric-representative, 67, 77, 93, 135, 157, 160
bi-representative, 150–62
deliberative, 106–30, 149–62, 163–4
direct, 24–34, 67
distrust of, 2–16, 105, 164
efficiency, 5–6, 10–16, 20, 24, 54, 114, 147, 158
electoral-representative, 17, 37–57, 62, 80–105, 111, 150, 153, 157
enthusiasm for, 1–2, 36, 47
legitimacy, 5–10, 15, 19, 23, 24, 54, 114, 119, 122, 126, 128, 147, 148, 158
non-electoral representative, 67
oligarchisation of, 60, 66–7
representative, 17, 24–37, 67, 107, 158
unitary, 107
Democracy in America (de Tocqueville), 94–8
Democratic Fatigue Syndrome, 16, 17–57, 62, 105, 157, 159
democracy, 17, 20–4
electoral-representative democracy, 17, 37–57, 62
politicians, 17–20
representative democracy, 17, 24–37
Democratic Party, 25–7, 108
Denmark, 112–13
despotism, 5, 80
dictatorship, 5, 42, 56
Diderot, Denis, 76
diploma democracy, 19
direct democracy, 24–34, 67
distrust of democracy, 2–16, 105, 164
Dole, Robert Joseph ‘Bob’, 110
drawing of lots, see sortition
Dukakis, Michael, 106
Dupuis-Déri, Francis, 81
Dutch Republic (1581–1795), 42
East Germany (1949–90), 2, 58–61
East Timor, 39
Eastern Bloc, 2
economic crises, 12, 28, 44, 45, 48, 54, 118
Ecotopia (Callenbach), 134
efficiency, 5–6, 10–16, 20, 24, 54, 114, 147, 158
Egypt, 2, 27, 53
Election by Lot at Athens (Headlam), 79, 103–4
elections
and aristocracy, 78–105, 148, 152, 160, 163
coalitions, 10–11, 35, 120
electoral payback, 10, 14, 16, 56, 164
fundamentalism, 38–41, 92–3, 104
majority principle, 119
and media, 13–15, 16, 36, 49–54, 107, 122–3, 124, 125–6, 131, 133, 150–1, 152, 155
party membership, 9–10, 16, 164
proportional system, 119
reform of, 118–23, 131–62
and restriction of democracy, 62, 78–105, 163
vote-breaking, 35
voter turnout, 7–8, 16, 164
voter turnover, 8, 16
electoral payback, 10, 14, 16, 56, 164
Electoral System Citizens Forum, 162
electoral-representative democracy, 17, 37–57, 62, 80–105, 111, 150, 153, 157
Encyclopaedia (Diderot & d’Alembert), 76
enthusiasm for democracy, 1–2, 36, 47
Estonia, 162
Eurobarometer, 3
Euronews, 52
European Central Bank, 22, 28
European Citizens’ Consultations, 114
European Commission, 22
European Constitution, 123
European Council, 15
European Parliament, 137–9
European Union (EU), 3–4, 9, 12, 114, 123, 133, 137–9, 158–62, 165
Eurozone crisis, 12, 21
Extremadura, Spain, 74
Facebook, 52, 127
Farage, Nigel, 18
fascism, 1, 31, 44, 159
Federalist Papers, 84–5, 87
Ferdinand II, King of Castile and Aragon, 74
feudalism, 42, 43, 105
financial crisis (2008), 45, 54, 118
Financial Times, 135
Finding and Keeping, 15
Finland, 9, 11, 18
Finns Party, 18
First World War (1914–18), 31, 44, 48
Fishkin, James, 106–12, 125
Five Star Movement, 35–6
Flanders, Belgium, 20, 113, 159
Flickr, 52
Florentine Republic (1115–1532), 42, 69, 70, 72, 73, 74, 75, 84
FOX, 52
France, 9, 12, 17, 23, 33, 34, 41, 42, 43, 46, 55, 62, 63, 72, 75–7, 78–83, 88–92, 94–5, 99, 100–1, 103, 113, 123, 131, 133, 136–7, 148
Frank, Thomas, 33
Frankfurt, Germany, 28–9, 73
Frankfurt Parliament (1848–9), 101
free market, 49–50, 104
freedom of association, 100
French Revolution (1789–91), 41, 43, 46, 55, 62, 63, 78–83, 88–92, 94–5, 99, 148, 159
Fukuyama, Francis, 104
fundamentalism, electoral, 38–41, 92–3, 104
G1000, 29
G500, 35
Gandhi, Mohandas, 106
Gataker, Thomas, 79
de Gaulle, Charles, 23
gay marriage, 130–1, 161
Genk, Netherlands, 113
Germany, 9, 12, 28–9, 31, 35, 42, 58–61, 73, 101, 112, 137
Gerona, Spain, 74
Global Corruption Barometer, 165
globalisation, 28
Golden Dawn, 18
good governance, 22
Google, 156
Grand Council (Consiglio Grande), 70–2
Greece, 9, 10, 18, 22, 26, 28, 58–67, 68, 72, 73, 74, 75–7, 79, 84, 85, 86, 87, 90, 101, 103, 108, 109, 139–40, 144, 145, 148, 150, 159
Grillo, Beppe, 17, 35
Ground Zero, New York, 113
group think, 141
Guardian, 135
Guerrero, Alex, 153
Gutenberg, Johannes, 56
Habermas, Jürgen, 42, 107
The Hague, Netherlands, 4
Hardt, Michael, 50
Headlam, James Wycliffe, 79, 103–4
health services, 49, 50
Hessel, Stéphane, 34
Hitler, Adolf, 31
Hofer, Norbert, 17
Honest Business (Phillips), 134
horizontality, 28, 31, 34, 57, 151, 158
House of Commons, UK, 135–6
House of Lords, UK, 135–6, 160
House of Lots, EU, 137–9
House of Peers, UK, 135
House of Representatives, US, 26, 133–5
human rights, 38, 104
Hungary, 18, 102, 159
Iceland, 116, 118–19, 126–8, 161
imborsazione (insertion), 69, 72, 74
Independent, 135
Indignados, 28, 30–1, 34
Indignez-vous (Hessel), 34
individualism, 4, 52, 123
Industrial Workers of the World (IWW), 33–4
infrastructure projects, 12
insaculación, 69, 74
Instagram, 52
Instituut Samenleving en Technology, 113
Interest Panels, 142, 144, 145, 147, 161
International Herald Tribune, 127
International Monetary Fund (IMF), 22
international treaties, 12
Internet, 29, 45, 47, 52–4, 56, 127, 150–1, 152
Iowa, United States, 107
Iran, 101
Iraq, 25, 39
Ireland, 9, 11, 116, 118–19, 123, 128–30, 150, 161
Italy, 9, 10, 17, 22, 23, 31, 35–6, 51, 70, 159
Ivrea, Italy, 73
Japan, 112
Jefferson, Thomas, 85–6
Jobbik, 18
Journal of Public Deliberation, 138
juries, 60, 64, 89, 92, 95, 97–8, 113, 122, 134, 145–6, 152, 155
Kanne, Peter, 4, 125
King’s College, Cambridge, 103
kleroterion, 64, 68
Kosovo, 23
Le Pen, Marine, 17
legitimacy, 5–10, 15, 19, 23, 24, 54, 114, 119, 122, 126, 128, 147, 148, 158
Lenin, Vladimir, 31–2
Lincoln, Abraham, 104
literacy, 106, 150
Lithuania, 138
Lleida, Spain, 74
London School of Economics, 29
London Stock Exchange, 28
Lucca, Italy, 73
Luxembourg, 101
Madison, James, 81, 84–5, 86–7, 88
Madrid, Spain, 27, 30, 32
magistracies (arkhai), 63, 65, 67
majority principle, 119
Malta, 138
La Mancha, Spain, 74
Manchester, England, 113
Manin, Bernard, 62–3
Mansbridge, Jane, 107
Marat, Jean-Paul, 92
marketing, 19
Marx, Karl, 32
MasterCard, 134
media, 13–15, 16, 36, 43–54, 107, 122–3, 124, 125–6, 131, 133, 150–1, 152, 155
Meeting of the Minds, 114
Middle Ages, 42, 56, 70
migration, 12
military sortition, 102–3
Mill, John Stuart, 131
Minoa, 58
monarchy, 80, 100
Montesquieu, 75–6, 78, 80, 82
Monti, Mario, 22, 23
Mubarak, Hosni, 53
multinational corporations, 12
Munich, Germany, 29
Murcia, Spain, 74
Mussolini, Benito, 31
Nantes, France, 12
Napoleon I, Emperor of the French, 72
National Congress of Belgium, 99–100
national debt, 12, 25
national gut feeling, 18
National Issues Convention, 110
nationalism, 4
neo-liberalism, 49–50, 104
neo-parliamentarians, 35–6
Netherlands, 4, 7–8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13–15, 17, 20, 34, 35, 48, 57, 99, 101, 113, 115, 117, 118, 120–3, 126, 159, 162
Neue Mitte, 22
New Cambridge Modern History, The, 102
New Hampshire, United States, 107
New York, United States, 24–8, 30, 32, 84–5, 113
New York Packet, The, 87
newspapers, 43, 46, 54
nominati, 73
non-electoral representative democracy, 67
Northern Ireland, 112, 129
Norway, 9
Novara Italy, 70
nuclear waste, 29
Obama, Barack, 25
Occupy Wall Street, 26–8, 30–1, 32–4
Of the Nature and Use of Lots (Gataker), 79
offshore fraud, 12
oligarchy, 5, 60, 66, 67, 70, 86
ombudsman, 164
Ontario, Canada, 117, 118, 121, 122, 123
openDemocracy, 135
Orvieto, Italy, 73
Ostend, Belgium, 7
Ottoman Empire (1299–1923), 101
overpopulation, 12
Oversight Council, 143, 146, 155, 161
Papadimos, Loukas, 22
Paris Commune (1871), 32
parliaments, 2, 3, 8, 13–15, 19–20, 24, 30–4, 35, 46–9, 54, 132–62, 165
anti-parliamentarianism, 30–4, 35, 36, 45, 48, 54, 158, 165
coalitions, 10–11, 35, 120
neo-parliamentarians, 35–6
and sortition, 132–62
Parma, Italy, 73
participedia.net, 113
particracy, 38
party membership, 9–10, 16, 164
PBS (Public Broadcasting Service), 110
People’s Assembly (Ekklesia), 59, 60, 63, 64, 65, 67, 139, 140
People’s Court (Heliaia), 59, 60, 63, 64, 65, 67, 139, 144
people’s mic, 27–8
People’s Parliament, The, 125–6
Pericles, 59, 61
Perugia, Italy, 73
Phillips, Michael, 133
Piedmont-Sardinia (1324–1861), 101
Pinterest, 52
Pirate Party, 29, 35
Pisa, Italy, 70
Pistoia, Italy, 73
Planungszellen (planning booths), 112, 114
Poland, 102
Policy Jury, 143, 145–6, 148
political agoraphobia, 89, 164
political talk shows, 14
politicians
political parties, 2, 3, 9–11, 14, 16–20, 23, 25–7, 31, 35, 37, 43–5, 47–8, 50, 54, 56, 119, 122, 124, 125
careerism, 17, 19–20, 66
coalitions, 10–11, 35, 120
distrust of citizens, 125
and electoral payback, 10, 14, 16, 56, 164
emergence of, 43, 48
financing, 11, 37, 50, 107
membership, 9–10, 16, 45, 54, 164
as out of touch, 17–19
populism, 17–20, 24, 30, 33, 35, 45, 54, 157, 159, 164–5
Porto Alegre, Brazil, 113
Portugal, 9, 159, 162
post-democracy, 51, 159
post-political thinking, 22
powerlessness, 12
press freedom, 47, 54, 100
Principles of Representative Government, The (Manin), 62–3
Principles of Solidarity, 28
printing press, 56, 150
professional citizens, 114
proportional system, 119
proto-democratic institutions, 40
Prussia (1525–1947), 101
Public Perspective, 110
public sphere, 42–6, 49
Puerta del Sol, Madrid, 27
rating bureaux, 12
Rawls, John, 107
Real Democracy Now, 28
referendums, 38, 121–4, 127, 128, 130, 164
Reflections on the Revolution in France (Burke), 89–91
reform of democracy, 118–23, 131–62
Renaissance, 46, 56, 63, 68, 75, 93
representative democracy, 17, 24–37, 67, 107, 158
Representative House, 133–5
Republican Party, 25–7, 108
republicanism, 80–98
restriction of democracy, 62, 78–105, 163
Review Panels, 142, 145, 146, 155, 161
Robespierre, Maximilien, 91
Roma, 112
Romania, 101
Rome, Ancient (509 BC–395 ad), 60, 68, 70
Rosanvallon, Pierre, 33
rotation, 61, 68, 69, 74, 90
Rotmans, Jan, 57
Rotterdam, Netherlands, 113
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 47, 76–7, 90, 93
Rudd, Kevin, 115
Rules Council, 143, 146–7, 155, 161
Russia, 162
San Marino, 75
Saxony, Kingdom of (1806–1918), 101
Schecter, David, 140, 149
Schinkel, Willem, 34
Scotland, 123
Second World War (1939–45), 1, 31, 44, 49, 55
self-learning system, 147
self-selection, 68, 76, 114–15, 120–1
senates, 76, 100, 135, 160
House of Lords, UK, 135–6, 160
Sénat, France, 136
Senate, Belgium, 159–61
Senate, US, 26, 134, 160
Seven Laws of Money, The (Phillips), 134
Siena, Italy, 73
Sieyès, Emmanuel Joseph, 89
Signoria, 72
Sintomer, Yves, 136
slavery, 82, 86
Slovenia, 33
Social Contract (Rousseau), 78
social media, 45, 47, 52–4, 56, 127, 150–1, 152
socialism, 48, 103
sortition, 60–80, 82, 86, 90, 92, 93, 95, 102–3, 105, 108, 109, 112–14, 120–1, 26, 128, 131–62, 163
Southwestern Bell, 110
sovereign rulers, 42–3, 80
Soviet Union (1922–91), 33
Spain, 9, 10, 27, 28, 30, 32, 69, 73–4, 101, 159
Sparta, 58, 66
Spirit of the Laws, The (Montesquieu), 75–6, 78
St Mark’s Basilica, Venice, 71
State and Revolution (Lenin), 32
state health services, 49, 50
Stealth Democracy (Hibbing & Theiss-Morse), 21
Stembreker, 35
Stjórnlagaþing á Íslandi, 116, 118–19, 126–8
Strong Democracy (Barber), 107
strong leaders, 2
Stuttgart, Germany, 12, 28
Sutherland, Keith, 136
Sweden, 8, 9, 29, 35
Swiss Confederation (1815–48), 101
Switzerland, 9, 101
Syntagma Square, Athens, 28
Tahrir Square, Cairo, 27
talk shows, 14
Tea Party, 25
teaching, 14
technocracy, 21–4, 25, 30, 35, 45, 54, 87, 157, 165
Teknologi-rådet, 112
Texas, United States, 110, 112
TGV network, 12
Third House, France, 136–7
Third Way, 22
Thoughts on Government (Adams), 83–4
Time, 29
TINA (there is no alternative), 22
Tischgemeinschaften, 42
Tobback family, 20
de Tocqueville, Alexis, 93–8, 102
top-down systems, 57, 125
topicality, 53
totalitarianism, 5, 31, 48
trade unions, 31, 49, 50, 128
traffic safety, 144
transparency, 37, 127, 162
Transparency International, 165
trial by jury, see under juries
True Finns, 18
Trump, Donald, 18
Tumblr, 52
Tunisia, 2, 53
Turkey, 101
Twitter, 52, 127
unitary democracy, 107
United Kingdom, 9, 11, 18, 42, 46, 48, 51, 82, 89–91, 109, 112, 113, 119, 123, 125–6, 129, 132, 135–6, 137, 139, 159, 160
United Kingdom Independence Party (UKIP), 18
United States, 12, 18, 21, 24–8, 30, 32, 41, 43, 46, 50, 55, 62, 63, 78–88, 93–8, 104, 106–12, 113, 122, 132, 133–5, 137, 148
Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948), 38, 104
universal suffrage, 38, 43, 47
University College Dublin, 129
University of Exeter, 136
University of Texas, 107
Van Doorn, Jacobus Adrianus Antonius, 19
Van Parijs, Philippe, 131
Van Rompuy, Herman, 15
Venetian Republic (697–1797), 42, 68, 70–2, 73, 75
Verdin, 58–62, 67
Vermont, United States, 138
Vicenza, Italy, 70
voting
turnout, 7–8, 16, 164
turnover, 8, 16
vote-breaking, 35
Wallonia, Belgium, 159
We the Citizens project, 129
Wenling, Zhejiang, 113
What is the Third Estate? (Sieyès), 89
Wilders, Geert, 17
Wir sind das Volk, 59
women’s suffrage, 131, 154
workers’ rights, 102, 154, 165
World Bank, 22
World Values Survey, 1–2
Wutbürger, 28–9
Year of Citizens, 114, 158
Young Turk Revolution (1908), 101
Zaragoza, Spain, 74
Žižek, Slavoj, 33
Zuccotti Park, New York, 27, 32