INDEX

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Abrahamson, Eric, 236

Academy of Management Journal, 157

Adderley, Cannonball, 96

African Americans, 226

Aiden, Erez Lieberman, 23–26, 28, 97n

Air France Flight 447, 177–86, 195, 197, 199

AirAsia Flight 8501, 183n

Aldrich, Howard, 53

Algorithms, 10–12, 32, 55, 141, 167n, 254

dating, 243–51

Eno and, 15, 19–29, 48

failures of, 190–95

Allergan, 141

Alomar, Carlos, 9, 19, 20, 31–32

Alsup, William, 190

“Am I Wasting Time Organizing Email?” (Whittaker), 240

Amazon, 124–27, 136–41

Ambulance response time, 159–61, 170–71

Anderson, Laurie, 17n

Andreessen, Marc, 242, 243

Anechoic chambers, 75

Annealing, simulated, 10–11

Another Green World (Eno album), 9, 16

Apgar score, 153–55, 157

Apple (company and products), 63, 69, 139

Aquinas, Thomas, 93

Architecture, 68

modernist, 61–63, 72

playground, 269–70, 273

workplace, 70–73, 80, 85

Architecture of Happiness, The (de Botton), 62

Argentina, 216

Ariely, Dan, 248, 255, 256

Armitage, Simon, 31

Artificial intelligence, 252

Asch, Solomon, 47–48, 272n16

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), 18

Attentional filters, 17

Australia, 55, 68–69, 192, 207

Automation, 177–204, 258

disasters caused by, 177–86

human overreliance on, 192–98

unreliability of, 186–92

See also Computers

Autonomy

in childhood, 264

in workplace, 67–68, 80–84, 87–89

Avalanches, 165–66, 169

Aztec Empire, 34

Baar, Roland, 33

Bahns, Angela, 53–54

Bali, 190

Ball, David, 262

Banking regulations, 161–67, 169–74

Bardeen, John, 26

Barnes & Noble, 136–39

Basel Accords, 161–65, 169–70

Beagle (ship), 27

Beatles, 98

Beckmann, Johann Gottlieb, 150–53, 191, 205, 206

Belew, Adrien, 20–22, 97

Bentham, Jeremy, 170, 171

Beranek, Leo, 75–76

Berger, Warren, 71

Berkowitz, Aaron, 275n23

Berlin Wall, 8

Bevan, Gwyn, 172

Bezos, Jeff, 124–27, 129, 132, 136–41, 143–44, 146, 264

BHP Billiton, 68–69, 86

Big Sort, The (Bishop and Cushing), 217

Biodiversity, 155, 157, 206

Birmingham (England), 213–14

University of, 156

Bishop, Bill, 217

Blair, Tony, 149–50, 152, 155, 159, 170, 172, 173

Blaser, Martin, 208–9

Bletchley Park (England), 147

Blitzkrieg, 128

Blyton, Enid, 45

Bohlin, Peter, 63

Bolt, Beranek and Newman, 75–76, 78

Bombardier Inc., 51

Bonding, 36–39, 41, 57, 60

Bonin, Pierre-Cédric, 178–82, 185–86, 199

Borges, Jorge Luis, 234–39

Bose Corporation, 76, 78

Bösendorfer piano, 1–2

Boston, Route 128 technology cluster in, 214–15

Boston Attention and Learning Lab, 16

Boulder (Col.), 46–47

Bowie, David, 7–9, 16, 17n, 20, 25, 28

Boy Scouts, 42

Boyd, John, 132–35, 137, 140, 144, 264

“Boys Keep Swinging” (Bowie), 21, 22

Bradley, Sarah, 92

Brailsford, Dave, 58

Brand, Stewart, 79

Brandes, Vera, 1–3, 5

Braun, Allen, 99–100

Bridging, 38–39, 41, 57

Brin, Sergey, 81

Britain. See United Kingdom

“Broken windows” theory, 221–25

Brown, Dan, 64, 67

Brown, Michael, 55

Bryars, Gavin, 17n

Building 20 (MIT). See Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)

Bulgaria, 157

Bunce, Steve, 120

Burkina Faso, 120n

Bush dynasty, 131, 132, 135, 139

Business Etiquette Handbook, The, 85

Byrne, David, 16

Cage, John, 75

Calendar management, 240–43

California, University of, San Francisco, 209, 281n4

Campbell, Robert, 79

Canada, 55

Cannae, Battle of, 134

Carlsen, Magnus, 120–21

Carson, Shelley, 17, 18

Carter, Jimmy, 217

Carthage, 134

Caterpillar Inc., 175

Catmull, Ed, 63, 87–89

CBS, 85

Cesarean sections (C-sections), 153–55, 210–11

Chambers, Paul, 96

Checklists, 30, 64, 234

ambiguous regulations versus, 172

messy transformation of. See Oblique Strategies

obvious clues, 165–67

Cheney, Dick, 134

Chess, 38, 119–21

computer, 121, 254–55

Chiat, Jay, 70, 72, 73

Chiat/Day, 69–73, 79, 80–82

Chicago, 225

Chicago, University of, 156

Chomsky, Noam, 75, 78

Christian, Brian, 252, 254, 256, 258–59, 264

Church, Diana, 149–50

Churchill, Winston, 131

Cities, resilience of, 212–15, 217–26. See also specific cities

Clostridium difficile, 209

Cobb, Jimmy, 96, 110

Cognitive diversity, 41, 47–50, 58

Cognitive science, 75

Cold War, 37

Coldplay, 16

Collaboration, 33–60

cognitive diversity in, 46–52, 58

creative, 7–9, 19–22, 30–32, 41, 45, 58, 260

See also Networks; Teamwork

Collins, Phil, 9, 16

Cologne opera house, 1–5, 12, 22

Colorado Springs (Col.), 46–47

Coltrane, John, 96

Comfort zones, 31, 32, 57

Common App, 156

Commuters, 13–14, 23, 219, 221

Compatibility Research Inc., 243

Computer games, 39–41, 57, 197

Computers, 62, 71, 233, 240

conversations with humans versus, 254–59

evading regulations with, 162–63, 174

human monitoring of, 199–200

mistakes due to overreliance on, 182–83, 188–95, 197, 199

workspace design and, 62, 76, 77, 80, 82

Congress, U.S., 91

Co-Operative Bank, 250–51

Corea, Chick, 97

Coronary care. See Heart attacks

Cortés, Hernán, 34

Costco, 126

Crandall, Christian, 53–54

Creativity, 1–5, 7–32, 47, 76, 83, 259, 264

collaborative, 7–9, 20–22, 30–32, 41, 45, 58, 260

distractions and disturbances as source of, 9–19

improvisation and, 1–4, 95–101, 108–11, 114–15

project-switching approach to, 23–30

workplace design intended to foster, 69–73, 80, 87, 88

Crichton, Michael, 25

Crop rotation, 28

Cross-fertilization, 214n

Crump, Dave, 244

Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly, 26

Cuba, 34

Cubicles, workspace, 64, 69, 72, 84

Cummings, Mary “Missy,” 200

Cushing, Robert, 217

Customer service, 101–5, 110, 184, 258

Cyclists, 13, 58, 203–4

Czerny, Carl, 109

Darwin, Charles, 27

Dating websites, 243–51, 255, 256

Davis, Erin, 261

Davis, Miles, 95–98, 100, 105, 110, 112, 257, 264

Davis, Sara, 27, 29

de Botton, Alain, 62

de Vann, Mathijs, 40–41, 57, 58

Death and Life of Great American Cities, The (Jacobs), 212–13

Decision making, 134, 166, 192, 194

Decision trees, 167

Declaration of Independence, 232, 234

Deepwater Horizon disaster, 168

Dementia, 106–7

Denmark, 259

Detroit, 214

Devo, 17n

Diamond, Jared, 263–64

Diemand-Yauman, Connor, 22

Difference, The (Page), 48

Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC), 76

Dilbert cartoons, 71

Dilnot, Andrew, 172, 279n24

Dioula, 120n

Disclosure (Crichton), 25

Disruptions, 5, 39, 52, 218

conversational, 255, 258

creative responses to, 12–14, 18–20

Distractions, 4–5, 64, 200–201

blocking out, 4, 15–16, 34, 35, 39

creativity and, 16–18, 22, 28, 30

Diversity, 4, 52, 208–18

of cities, 212–15, 217–18, 229

cognitive, 41, 46–50, 58

ecological, 155, 157, 205–7

economic, 215–16

of friendship networks, 54, 56

of microbiome, 208–11

social, suppression of, 227–30

DNA, 25

DNA (band), 17n

Dodd-Frank Act (2010), 164

Dragnet (TV show), 44

Dranove, David, 154–55, 158

Drew, Dick, 26, 28

Dubois, Marc, 177–79, 183–86

Duffy, Frank, 70

DuPont, 26

Edgerton, Harold, 75

eHarmony, 250

Eicher, Manfred, 1

Eiduson, Bernice, 24–25

Einstein, Albert, 226

El Alamein, Battle of, 147

Elevator to the Gallows (film), 97n

Emancipation Proclamation, 92

Emmy Awards, 26

Empowerment, workplace, 66–67, 72, 84, 86

Eno, Brian, 8–10, 14–17, 19–23, 28, 157, 202. See also Oblique Strategies

Enterobacter aerogenes, 209

Enterprises, network of, 27–28

Entrepreneurs, 2, 29, 52–53, 94–95

ER (TV show), 25

Erdős, Paul, 35–39, 57, 271n5

European Union, 163–64

Evans, Bill, 95, 96, 275n15

Evans, Gil, 275n15

Evolution, 27, 216

Facebook, 29, 55, 101, 256–57

Fallows, James, 134

Famous Five books (Blyton), 45

Faurie-Raymond hypothesis, 120

Federal Trade Commission, 137

Ferguson (Mo.), 55

Filing systems, 64, 67, 191, 235–38, 240

computer, 233, 236n, 239–40

Filo, David, 125

First World War, 117–18, 122

5S system of management (Sort, Straighten, Shine, Standardize, Sustain), 63–66, 68

Fleming, Alexander, 25

Flexible attention, 26

Flowers, Paul, 250–51

Forestry in the Federal Republic of Germany (Plochman), 205

Forests, 150–52, 155, 157, 205–7, 215–16

4'33" (Cage), 75

Fox News, 55

France, 61–62, 188–89, 232

in world wars, 117–18, 122, 128, 144

Franklin, Benjamin, 207, 231–33

Fraser, David, 134

Freedman, David, 236

Freud, Sigmund, 93

Friendship networks, 53–54

Frieser, Karl-Heinz, 128n

Frost, Jeana, 248, 249, 256

Frugès, Henry, 61

Fry, Hannah, 246

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), 99

Fury, Tyson, 120

Galápagos Islands, 27

Gaming the system, 159–63, 169–71, 174–75

Gandhi, Mohandas K., 93

Gariboldi, Italo, 129

Gawande, Atul, 153

Gehry, Frank, 70, 73, 80, 81

Genesis (band), 9

Geneva, 25

Germany, 1–5, 7–9, 20, 33, 174

forests in, 150–53, 205–7, 215, 216, 278n2

Nazi, 227–29, 259

in World Wars, 117–18, 122, 128–31, 135, 142, 143n, 145–48, 227

Gernsback, Hugo, 251

Gettysburg Address, 92

GI Bill, 75

Gigerenzer, Gerd, 165, 167n

Gilead Sciences, 141

Gill, Tim, 262

Glasgow, 214

Golding, William, 45

Goldstein, Harvey, 158

Google, 24, 70, 80–82, 127, 139, 188–89, 191, 196

Gordimer, Nadine, 26

Gould, Stephen Jay, 26

GPS failures, 192–94, 196, 198

Granovetter, Mark, 36–37

Gray, Peter, 260

Gréco, Juliette, 97n

Greece, 129, 163–64

Green, Lee, 166–67

Green, Nicola, 101–3

Greenberg, Andy, 187

Grindr, 244–45

Gruber, Howard, 27, 29

Guggenheim Bilbao, 70

Habit of yes, 105–7

Hackers, 75–78, 247–48

Haldane, Andy, 165–66, 170–73

Halle, Morris, 75, 76

Hankins, Victor, 187–88

Hannibal, 134

Hansa Studios (Berlin), 8

Harcourt, Bernard E., 224

Harrington, Brooke, 50–51, 58

Harris, T George, 85–86

Hartig, Georg, 206

Harvard Business Review, 141

Harvard University, 156, 243–44

Haslam, Alex, 65–68

Hastie, Reid, 46

Haworth, Guy, 121

Health care, 149–50, 152–55, 157–61, 166, 172, 173

Heart attacks, 154, 165–67, 169

Helicobacter pylori, 207–8

Herman Miller, Inc., 83

Heuristics, 165

Hidalgo, Cesar, 215–16

Hilbert, David, 226–27

Hirschberg, Julia, 238

Hitler, Adolf, 128, 129, 147–48, 227, 228

House, Simon, 9

How Buildings Learn (Brand), 79

Howard-Jones, Paul, 19

Human Error (Reason), 183

Humphrey, Laura, 241–42

Hunt-Davis, Ben, 33–35, 38, 39

Hunter-Tilney, Ludovic, 15

IBM Research, 240

Ibrahim, Rahinah, 189–90

Improvisation, 91–115, 253, 257, 264

in business, 127, 137, 143

creativity and, 1–4, 95–101, 105, 108–10

in military strategy, 119, 123, 128n, 129–30, 135, 139–40, 143–46

in public speaking, 94–95, 108–15

in workplace, 72, 75

Incentives. See Targets

Ingram, Paul, 52–53

Inside Out (film), 62

International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT), 175

Internet, 55–56, 76, 242, 246, 250, 253

“of things,” 151

Internet Explorer, 124

Investment clubs, 50–51, 58

Irving, David, 276–77n17

Isaacson, Walter, 62–63

ISIS, 140

Isolation, strategic, 34

Israel, 134

Italy, 122–23, 128, 135n, 142, 144

Jackson, Mahalia, 91, 115

Jackson, Michael, 96

Jacobs, Jane, 212–14, 217, 218, 264

Jamaah Islah Malaysia, 190

James, Jesse, 42

Janis, Irving, 47

Japan, 34, 140

Jarrett, Keith, 1–4, 7, 9, 12, 17, 22, 97, 258, 264, 269n

Jazz, 1–4, 95–100, 105, 110

Jeanneret-Gris, Charles-Édouard. See Le Corbusier

Jemaah Islamiyah, 190

Jews, Nazi persecution of, 227–28

Jobs, Steve, 62–63, 65, 76, 87–89, 141

Joel, Billy, 29

Joffe-Walt, Chana, 107

Jones, Quincy, 96–97

Juilliard School, 97n

Jurassic Park (film), 25

Jury deliberations, 49–50, 58

Kahn, Ashley, 96

Karpov, Anatoly, 120

Katz-Lacabe, Michael, 187, 191

Kelling, George, 221–23

Kelly, Wynton, 95

Kennedy, John F., 91, 114

Kerwin, Pam, 87

Kessler, Daniel, 154–55

Kierkegaard, Søren, 28

Kind of Blue (Davis album), 96–98, 108, 110, 275n15

King, Coretta Scott, 93, 111

King, Martin Luther, Jr., 91–95, 111–15, 257, 258, 264

Kirschenbaum, Daniel, 241–42

Kirsh, David, 237

Klein, Gary, 194

Klitschko, Wladimir, 120

Knight, Craig, 65–68, 72, 86

Knight, Rob, 211

Köln Concert (Jarrett album), 3

Kondo, Marie, 4n

Konner, Joan, 26

Korean War, 133

Korman, A. K., 86

Kounios, John, 28

Krader, Kate, 104

Kramnik, Vladimir, 121

Kuperman, Bob, 72

Kwan, Julianne, 18

Kyocera Group, 64–65, 67–69, 71, 79, 82, 86

Lactobacillus sakei, 209

Laico, Fred, 95n

Langer, Ellen, 19

Langewiesche, William, 182–83

Lasseter, John, 87, 88

Le Corbusier, 61–63, 65, 67, 72

Lechtman, Heather, 79

Lennon, John, 25

Lettvin, Jerry, 75, 76

Levitin, Daniel, 233

Levitt, Steve, 223–24

Levy, Steven, 82

Lewes, Jock, 146n

Life-Changing Magic of Tidying Up, The (Kondo), 4n

Liljenquist, Katie, 49

Limb, Charles, 98–100, 275n23

Lincoln, Abraham, 92

Lindenberg, Siegwart, 218–20

Listening, 104, 107, 112

Lodger (Bowie album), 9

Loebner Prize, 252, 258

London, 13–15

Lord of the Flies (Golding), 45, 260

Los Angeles, 25

Love in the Time of Algorithms (Slater), 243

Low (Bowie album), 9

Lust for Life (Pop album), 9

Lynch, David, 17

MacCready, Paul, 26

Mack Trucks, 175

Malaysia, 190

Malcolm X, 114

Malett, Sheldon, 241–42

Malle, Louis, 97n

Maly, Tim, 141

Man Who Fell to Earth, The (film), 25

Management, corporate, 124, 137, 141, 143, 178

customer service approaches of, 101–4, 109

5S system, 63–66, 68

target setting by, 153, 154, 157–59, 257–58

workplace designs favored by, 63–73, 82–87

Manhattan Project, 74

Mann, Merlin, 234

Marginal gains, 13

Markowitz, Harry, 167–69

Marshall, Barry, 207–8, 211

Martin, John, 141

Martinez-Firestone, Martha, 53

Maser, Chris, 206, 278n2

Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), 73–83, 213, 264

Mathematics, 9–10, 48, 61, 226–27, 228n

collaboration in, 35–41, 271n

Mathematics of Love, The (Fry), 246

Mattel, 126

Mayne, Paddy, 144, 146

Mayo Clinic, 16

McClellan, Mark, 154–55

McGraw-Hill, 85

McKinley, Chris, 246–48

Methylphenidate, 16

Mexico, 157, 228

MGonz, 253–54

Microbiome, 208–11

Microsoft, 70, 123, 124, 127, 139

Miliband, Ed, 94, 95, 109

Military strategies, 117–19, 122–24, 128–34, 142–48

Millennium Development Goals, 156–57

Minimalism, 63, 69

Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company (3M), 26, 28

Modernism, 61–62, 66, 71, 72

Monderman, Hans, 201–4

Montgomery, Bernard, 147, 148n

Montgomery (Ala.) bus boycott, 111

Morris, Michael, 52–53

Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus, 29

MSNBC, 55

Music for Airports (Eno album), 16

Muslims, 229

My Life in the Bush of Ghosts (Eno and Byrne), 16

NASA, 68

National Academy of Sciences, 24

Nazis, 227–29, 259

Neale, Margaret, 49

Nebelong, Helle, 263

“Negging,” 253

Nemeth, Charlan, 18

Netherlands, 216, 328

Netscape, 242

Networks

collaborative, 35–39, 57, 60

of enterprises, 27–28

social, 52–57

New Guinea, 263–64

New York City, 212–13, 222–24

New York University, 156

Nixon, E. D., 111

Nobel Prize, 24, 26, 74, 168, 169, 207, 282n17

Noguchi, Yukio, 236, 239

Northeastern University, 155–56

Northern California Regional Intelligence Center, 187

Norton, Michael, 248

Norway, 144

Number theory, 38

Nyman, Michael, 17n

Oblique Strategies, 8–9, 20–22, 30–32, 48, 57, 88n, 255, 264

Obree, Graeme, 13

Obvious-clues checklist, 165–67

O’Connor, Richard, 131, 135n

OkCupid, 245–48

Oldenburg, Claes, 70

Olympics, 13, 33

Omnicom, 73

Onion, The, 18

Online dating. See Dating websites

OODA loops, 132, 134–35, 137, 140, 141, 147, 228

Open office design, 69–73

Operation Match, 243–46

Oppenheimer, Daniel M., 22

Organized Mind (Levitin), 233

Ottaviano, Gianmarco, 229

Oxford and Cambridge Boat Race, 33

Page, Larry, 81

Page, Scott, 48

Palantir Technology, 187

Palo Alto (Cal.), 223

Pariser, Eli, 56

Parks, Rosa, 111, 112

Pasteur, Louis, 25

Pauling, Linus, 26

Penfield, Paul, 78, 79

Perfect Mess, A (Abrahamson and Freedman), 236

Peri, Giovanni, 229

Perry, Rick, 94, 95, 98, 109

Pesce, Gaetano, 70

Peters, Tom, 134

Philadelphia, 25

Phillips, Katherine, 49, 230

Pickett, Kate, 53–54

Pickup artists, 253–55, 258

Pierson, Emma, 55–56

Pitchfork (magazine), 17

Pixar, 62–63, 87–89

Plato, 93

Playgrounds, 4, 217, 259–65

Pliske, Rebecca, 195, 200

Plochman, Richard, 205, 278n2

Pokémon, 126

Pop, Iggy, 7–9

Portfolio Associates, 52

Postmodernism, 72

Pradhan, Anuj K., 197

Predictably Irrational (Ariely), 248

Prefrontal cortex, 99–100

Prince, 16

Probability theory, 38

Project switching, 23–30

Propst, Robert, 83–84, 264

Proust, Marcel, 256

Psych Central website, 16

Psychology Today, 85

Public speaking, 4, 94–95, 108–15

Pyott, David, 141

Radiation Laboratory (Rad Lab), 73–75, 77

Rajkumar, Raj, 196

Randomness, 4–5, 10–13, 15–23, 39, 171–72, 237

algorithmic, 10–12, 32, 48

workplace connections engendered by, 76, 87

See also Oblique Strategies

Ratner, Gerald, 94–95, 108–9

Raudenbush, Stephen, 225–26

Reason, James, 183

Redgrave, Steve, 33, 34

Regan, Ken, 121

Renault, 175

Republican Party, 94, 98, 110, 131–32, 228

Research Excellence Framework, 156

Reserve Officers’ Training Corps (ROTC), 77–78

Resilience, 5, 205–30

of cities, 212–15, 217–26

ecological, 205–7

economic, 215–17

in human health, 207–11

Riggio, Len, 136–38

Riggio, Stephen, 136, 138

Ritalin, 16

Ritchie, Neil, 142–43

Robbers Cave State Park (Okla.), 42–45, 56–57, 59–60

Robert, David, 177–82, 285

Rocky II (film), 119

Rome, ancient, 134

Rommel, Erwin, 117–19, 122–25, 128–32, 135, 139–41, 145–48, 257, 276–77n17

Rosin, Hanna, 261, 262

Rothwell, Jonathan, 218

Rowing crews, 33–35, 41, 52

Roxy Music, 8, 16, 30

Rubio, Marco, 110–11, 257

Rules of thumb, 165, 170–71

Rust, Bernhard, 227

Rust, John, 251

Ryle, Gilbert, 107

Salah, George, 82

Salk, Jonas, 25

Sampson, Robert, 225–26

Satterthwaite, Mark, 154–55

Sawyer, Keith, 26

Saxenian, AnnaLee, 214–15

Schechter, Bruce, 37

Schelling, Thomas, 282n17

Schkade, David, 46

Schmidt, Eric, 82

Schofield, Grant, 263

Schultz, Howard, 141

Schwarzenegger, Arnold, 242–43

Scotch tape, 26

Scott, James, 264

Second World War, 74–75, 83, 122, 128–31

Segregation, 55, 217

self-, 44, 60

Serendipity, 5, 63, 87, 88

Set theory, 38

Sex and the City (TV show), 255

Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band (Beatles album), 98

Shah, Priti, 18

Shankar, Ravi, 26

Sheppard, David, 23

Sherif, Muzafer, 43, 45, 56–57, 59–60

Short-termism, 158, 161, 213

Silicon Valley, 162, 187, 214–15, 242

Simon, Paul, 16

Simulated annealing, 10–11

Sinatra, Frank, 96

Slater, Dan, 243

Smartphones, 154, 193, 197

Smith, Peter, 157, 159, 281n3

Social capital, 38–39

Social media, 55, 56, 101–3, 256. See also Facebook; Twitter

Sommer, Robert, 68

Sommers, Samuel, 49, 58

Sood, Amit, 16

Sørensen, Carl Theodor, 259, 264

Soviet Union, 37, 133

Spacewar (video game), 75

Spiegelhalter, David, 158, 172, 279n24

Stalin, Joseph, 129

Stanton, Andrew, 88n

Stapel, Diederik, 218–21

Starbucks, 141

Stark, David, 40–41, 57, 58

Stereotyping, 219–20

Stevens Institute of Technology, 32

Stirling, David, 141–47

Stobbe, Karen, 107

Stone, Brad, 124, 125, 127

Strategies, 107, 157, 202, 227, 258

business, 124–27, 141

military, 117–19, 122–24, 128–31

policing, 221–25

of political candidates, 110–11, 139–40

team-building, 33–34

See also Oblique Strategies

Stratocaster guitar, 20

Structural folds, 41–42

Sunstein, Cass, 46

Sussman, Gerald, 80

Swift, Taylor, 9

Tagamet, 207

Talking Heads, 16

Target (store chain), 137

Targets, 4, 5, 149–75, 258

banking regulation, 161–67, 169–74

economic, 156–57, 167–69

forest management, 150–52, 206

health care, 149–50, 152–55, 157–61, 166, 172, 173

university admissions, 155–56

Tarr, Jeff, 244

Teamwork, 33–42

of children, experiment on, 42–46, 56–57, 59–60

in computer game industry, 39–41

improvisational, 101–3, 143–44

isolationist approach to, 33–35, 38

workplace design and, 4, 5, 69, 79

Technology. See Algorithms; Automation; Computers

Thacher, David, 224–25

Tharp, Twyla, 17n, 29–30

3M, 26, 28

Times Higher Education, 156

Tinder, 244–45

Toronto, University of, 209

Tour de France, 13, 58

Toy Story (films), 62, 63

Toys“R”Us, 126, 137, 138

Trump, Donald, 131–32, 135, 139, 146, 228

Tunnel vision, 168

Turing test, 252, 253, 258

Turkle, Sherry, 257

Twitter, 55, 101–3, 111, 132

Two Cheers for Anarchism (Scott), 264

Ultra (code-breaking operation), 130n, 147

Unintended consequences, 55, 153, 157–59

Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI), 13

United Kingdom, 13–14, 55, 77, 140, 156, 213–14, 227

Labour Party, 94

National Health Service (NHS), 149–50, 152, 159, 172

Olympic teams of, 13, 33–35

O2 phone outage in, 101–3

playgrounds in, 262

Revenue & Customs agency, 68, 69

in Second World War, 128–31, 135, 139, 142–47, 257

Statistics Authority, 172

United Nations, 156–57

United States, 227–30

crime in, 223

playgrounds in, 262

Terrorism Screening Database (TSDB), 190, 193

University rankings, 155–56

Urban resilience, 212–15, 217–26

Urmson, Chris, 196

Uruguay, 216

U.S. News & World Report, 155–56

U2, 16, 17n

Valéry, Paul, 237n

Validation therapy, 107

Vanderbilt, Tom, 201–2

Vaughan, Erikka, 22

Vedres, Balázs, 40–42, 57, 58

Video games, 75, 78

Vietnam War, 78n

Virginia Mason Medical Center, 68

Visconti, Tony, 8, 20, 21

Volkswagen, 174–75

Volvo, 175

Waldinger, Fabian, 227–28

Wales, 260–61

Wall Street Journal, The, 64

Walmart, 137

Wang, Christine Tien, 247–48

Warren, J. Robin, 207–8

Warren, Neil Clark, 250

Watson, James, 25

West Berlin, 7–9, 25

Westworld (film), 25

“What the Frog’s Eye Tells the Frog’s Brain” (Lettvin), 75

Whiston, Don, 73

White, Holly, 18

Whittaker, Steve, 238, 239

Wiener, Earl, 186–87, 198, 202

Wiesner, Jerome, 76, 79, 83

Williams, Caroline, 16

Wilson, Darren, 55–56

Wilson, James Q., 221–23

Winning, 117–48

of battles, 117–19, 122–24, 128–35, 142–48

in business, 124–27, 136–41

of chess matches, 120–21, 254–55

of political campaigns, 131–32, 135

in sports, 13, 33–35, 58, 119–20

Winterkorn, Martin, 174

Wired, 80, 247

Wojcicki, Susan, 81

Workplaces, 4–5, 61–89

designs intended to foster creativity in, 69–73, 79–80, 87, 88

empowerment and autonomy in, 65–68, 80–84, 87–89

management-imposed tidiness in, 62–69, 82–86

randomness in, 73–79, 87–88

World Until Yesterday, The (Diamond), 263

World wars. See First World War; Second World War

World Wide Web, 123–27, 136, 146, 159. See also Internet

Xerox PARC, 239

Yahoo!, 125

Yang, Jerry, 125

Yanomami, 120n

Yes, habit of, 105–7

Yong, Ed, 23

YouTube, 81

Zacharias, Jerrold, 79

Zantac, 207

Zappos, 104, 110, 258

Zimbardo, Philip, 223

Zoning restrictions, 217–18

Zuckerberg, Mark, 257