MANUSCRIPT SOURCES
Dartmouth College Library. Rauner Special Collections Library. Hanover, N.H. Some Eaton letters, some choice articles from his college days.
Huntington Library. San Marino, California. William Eaton papers. Paradise: several thousand manuscript pages available on three reels of microfilm.
Library of Congress. Manuscript Division. Papers of William Eaton, Tobias Lear, Edward Preble, John Rodgers, Samuel Barron, and others.
Library of Congress online: Thomas Jefferson Papers.
Nationaal Archief. The Hague, Netherlands. Archief van het departement van Buitenlandse Zaken, 1796-1810. Access number 2.01.08. Inv. nr. 356. Weekly reports from inside Tripoli, written in French by Dutch diplomat. Very frank. Never quoted before in English.
National Archives. College Park, Maryland. Consular Letters for Tripoli (M466: roll 1-3), Tunis, Algiers (M23, rolls 7-10); Treasury Reports (M235, roll 58)
Public Record Office, Kew, England. Consular reports from Tripoli. FO161:10
University of Michigan. William R. Clements Library. Ann Arbor, Michigan. Tobias Lear Papers.
PRINTED SOURCES
Adams, Henry. History of the United States during the Administrations of Thomas Jefferson (1921, reprint 1986).
———. History of the United States during the Administrations of James Madison (1921, reprint, 1986).
Ali Bey. Travels of Ali Bey in Morocco, Tripoli, Cyprus, Egypt, Arabia, Syria and Turkey, between the years 1803 and 1807 (Philadelphia, 1816).
Allen, Gardner. Our Navy and the Barbary Corsairs (Hamden, Conn., 1965).
Allison, Robert J. The Crescent Obscured: The United States & the Muslim World, 1776-1815 (N.Y./Oxford, 1995).
“American State Papers” Documents, legislative and executive, of the Congress of the United States . . . selected and edited under the authority of Congress, 38 vols. (Washington, D.C., 1832-1861).
Baepler, Paul. White Slaves, African Masters: An Anthology of American Barbary Captivity Narratives (Chicago, 1999).
Barnby, H. G. The Prisoners of Algiers: An Account of the Forgotten American-Algerian War, 1785-1797 (London, 1966).
Blydon, Stephen. History of the War between the United States and Tripoli (Salem, Mass., 1806).
Bonnel, Ulane. La France, les États-Unis et la guerre de course, 1797-1815 (Paris, 1961). The French perspective on Bainbridge’s surrender.
Bono, Salvatore. I Corsari barbareschi (Torino, 1964).
Braun, Ethel. The New Tripoli, and What I Saw in the Hinterland (London, 1914).
Brighton, Ray. The Checkered Career of Tobias Lear (Portsmouth, N.H., 1985).
Browne, William G. Travels in Africa, Egypt and Syria from the year 1792 to 1798 (London, 1799).
Caronni, Felice. Ragguaglio del viaggio in Barberia (Milan, 1806/reprint 1993).
Cathcart, James. Tripoli: First War with the United States. Inner History (LaPorte, Ind., 1901). A collection of letters.
Champlagarde, Anne-Charles Froment de. Histoire AbregÉe de Tripoly de Barbarie, 1794 (reprint: Paris, 2001). American consul James Cathcart lifted huge sections to pad his own report on Tripoli.
Chateaubriand, Francois-RÉnÉ. Travels in Greece, Palestine, Egypt and Barbary during the Years 1806 and 1807 (New York, 1814).
Chidsey, Donald. Wars in Barbary: Arab Piracy and the Birth of the United States Navy (N.Y., 1971).
Chinard, Gilbert. Volney et l’AmÉrique d’après des documents inedits et sa correspondence avec Jefferson (Baltimore/Paris, 1923).
Clissold, Stephen. The Barbary Slaves (London, 1977).
Coleridge, Samuel T. The Notebooks of Samuel Taylor Coleridge, ed. by Kathleen Coburn (London, 1957-1961).
Cooper, James Fenimore. History of the Navy of the United States of America (N.Y., 1856).
Cowdery, Jonathan. American Captives in Tripoli (Boston, 1806). Officer memoir.
Dearden, Seton. A Nest of Corsairs: The Fighting Karamanlis of the Barbary Coast (London, 1976).
Doughty, Oswald. Perturbed Spirit: The Life and Personality of Samuel Taylor Coleridge (Rutherford, N.J., 1981).
Dupuy, E. AmÉricains et Barbaresques, 1776-1824 (Paris, 1910).
Earle, Peter. Corsairs of Barbary and Malta (London, 1970).
Eaton, William. Life of the Late General Eaton, ed. by Charles Prentiss. (Brookfield, Mass., 1813). A fine collection of documents, assembled by a family friend.
———. Interesting Detail on the Operations of the American Fleet in the Mediterranean (Springfield, Mass., [1804]).
Edwards, Samuel (Noel Gerson). Barbary General: The Life of William H. Eaton (Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1968). A font of colorful misinformation that unfortunately has been used in many subsequent books.
Ellis, Joseph. American Sphinx: The Character of Thomas Jefferson (N.Y., 1996).
Feraud, L. Charles. Annales Tripolitaines (Tunis, 1927).
Fisher, Godfrey. Barbary Legend: War, Trade and Piracy in North Africa, 1415-1830 (Oxford, 1957).
Folayan, Kola. Tripoli during the Reign of Yusuf Pasha Qaramanli (Ile-Ife, Nigeria, 1979). That rare book pro-Tripoli in English.
Forester, C. S. The Barbary Pirates (N.Y., 1953). Landmark Book no. 31. A pleasure.
Fowler, William. Jack Tars & Commodores, The American Navy, 1783-1815 (Boston, 1984).
Furnas, J. C. A Social History of the United States, 1587-1914 (N.Y., 1969).
Green, Constance. Washington: Village and Capitol, 1800-1876 (Princeton, N.J., 1962).
Harris, Thomas. Life and Services of Commodore Bainbridge (Philadelphia, 1837). A friend’s biography.
Hinman, Royal. A Historical Collection from Official Records, Files &c, of the Part Sustained by Connecticut during the War of Revolution (Hartford, 1842).
Horneman, Frederick. The Journal of Frederick Horneman’s Travels from Cairo to Marzouk . . . 1797-1798 (London, 1802).
Hyde, Reverend Charles. Historical Celebration of the Town of Brimfield (Springfield, Mass., 1879).
Irwin, Ray. Diplomatic Relations of the United States with the Barbary Powers, 1776-1816 (Chapel Hill, 1931).
Jefferson, Thomas. Jefferson Himself, ed. by Bernard Mayo (Cambridge, 1942).
———. The Works of Thomas Jefferson, ed. by Paul L. Ford (N.Y., 1904).
Kitzen, Michael. Tripoli and the United States at War: A History of American Relations with the Barbary States, 1785-1805 (Jefferson, N.C., 1993).
Knox, Dudley, ed. Naval documents related to the United States wars with the Barbary Powers . . . Prepared by the Office of Naval Records and Library, Navy Department. 6 vols. (Washington, U.S. Govt. Print., 1939-44). Spectacular resource of primary source documents.
———. A History of the United States Navy (N.Y., 1936).
Leiner, Frederick. Millions for Defense: The Subscription Warships of 1798 (Annapolis, 2000).
Long, David F. Ready to Hazard: A Biography of Commodore Bainbridge, 1774-1833 (Hanover, N.H., 1981). Superb research and writing by underpraised author.
———. Nothing Too Daring: A Biography of Commodore David Porter, 1780-1843 (Annapolis, 1970).
Loomis, Hezekiah. Journal of Hezekiah Loomis (Salem, Mass., 1928).
Manno, Giuseppe. Storia di Sardegna (Capolago, 1847).
Martini, Pietro. Storia delle Invasioni degli Arabi, delle piraterie, dei barbareschi in Sardinia (Cagliari, 1861).
Miller, David Hunter. Treaties and Other International Acts of the United States of America (Washington, D.C., U.S. Government Printing Office, 1931).
Millett, Allan. Semper Fidelis: The History of the United States Marine Corps (N.Y., 1991).
Morris, Richard. A Defense of the Conduct of Morris during His Command in the Mediterranean (N.Y., 1804).
Nash, Howard. Forgotten Wars: The Role of the U.S. Navy in the Quasi War with France and the Barbary Wars 1798-1805 (South Brunswick, N.J., 1968).
Noah, Mordecai. Correspondence and Documents Relative to the Attempt to Negotiate for the Release of the American Captives at Algiers (Washington, 1816).
———. Travels in England, France, Spain and the Barbary States in the years, 1813, 1814 and 1815 (N.Y., 1819).
O’Toole, George. Honourable Treachery: A History of U.S. Intelligence, Espionage and Covert Action from the American Revolution to the CIA (N.Y., 1991).
Pananti, Fillippo. Avventure e Osservazioni di Fillippo Pananti sopra le coste di Barberia (Firenze, 1817).
Pennell, R. “Tripoli, A Guidebook to the City, 1767,” printed in Revue d’histoire maghrebine, vol. 25-26, June 1982, pp. 91-123.
Perkins, Roger, and Captain K. J. Douglas-Morris. Gunfire in Barbary (Homewell, 1982).
Plumer, William. William Plumer’s Memorandum of Proceedings in the United States Senate, 1803-1807 (N.Y., 1923).
Ray, William. Horrors of Slavery, or The American Tars in Tripoli (Troy, N.Y., 1808, Magazine of History reprint, 1911). Schoolteacher-turned-sailor memoir of captivity.
Rea, John. “A Letter to William Bainbridge Esq. . . .” (Philadelphia, 1802).
Rodd, Francis Rennell. General William Eaton: The Failure of an Idea (N.Y., 1932).
Smyth, W. H. Sailor’s Word-Book: An Alphabetical Digest of Nautical Terms (London, 1867).
Sonnini de Manoncourt, Charles. Travels in Upper and Lower Egypt (London, 1799).
Sumner, Charles. White Slavery in the Barbary States (Boston, 1853).
Todd, Mabel Loomis. Tripoli: The Mysterious (London, 1912).
Tucker, Glenn. Dawn Like Thunder: The Barbary Wars and the Birth of the U.S. Navy (Indianapolis/NY, 1963). A fine account of the U.S. Navy vs. Tripoli.
———. Mad Anthony Wayne and the New Nation (Harrisburg, Penn., 1973).
Tully, (Miss). Narrative of a Ten Years’ Residence at Tripoli in Africa (London, 1817). Fascinating memoir by the sister of British consul Richard Tully.
Tyler, Royall. The Algerine Captive (New Haven, 1797).
Volney, Constantin-Francois. Travels through Syria and Egypt in the years 1783, 1784 and 1785 (London, 1787).
Wafi, Muhammed abd al-Karim. Yusuf Basha al-Qaramanli wa-al-hamlah al-Faransiyah alá Misr (Tripoli, 1984).
Waldo, S. Putnam. Life and Character of Stephen Decatur (Hartford, Conn., 1821).
Ward, Philip. Tripoli: Portrait of a City (Stoughton, Wis., 1969).
Wheelan, Joseph. Jefferson’s War: America’s First War on Terror, 1801-1805 (N.Y., 2003).
Whipple, A. B. C. To the Shores of Tripoli: The Birth of the U.S. Navy and Marines (N.Y., 1991).
White, Arthur Silva. From Sphinx to Oracle: Through the Libyan Desert to the Oasis of Jupiter Ammon (London, 1899).
Wright, Louis, and Julia Macleod. First Americans in North Africa: William Eaton’s Struggle for a Vigorous Policy against the Barbary Pirates, 1789-1805 (Princeton, 1945).