NOTES
INTRODUCTION
1. Kayla Webley, “Hurricane Sandy by the Numbers: A Superstorm’s Statistics, One Month Later,” Time, November 26, 2012, http://nation.time.com/2012/11/26/hurricane-sandy-one-month-later/; Mission Investment Fund, “A Super Response to a Superstorm,” August 20, 2013, www.mif.elca.org/news/super-response-superstorm.
2. CNN Library, “Hurricane Sandy Fast Facts,” CNN, October 2, 2019, https://www.cnn.com/2013/07/13/world/americas/hurricane-sandy-fast-facts/index.html.
3. Federal Emergency Management Agency, “FEMA Fact Sheet: Mitigation Assessment Team Results—Hurricane Sandy,” June 19, 2018, https://www.fema.gov/MAT-results-hurricane-sandy; NYC Special Initiative for Rebuilding and Resiliency, “Sandy and Its Impacts,” chapter 1 in A Stronger, More Resilient New York, June 11, 2013, http://www.nyc.gov/html/sirr/downloads/pdf/final_report/Ch_1 _SandyImpacts_FINAL_singles.pdf.
4. Eric S. Blake and David A. Zelinsky, “National Hurricane Center Tropical Cyclone Report Hurricane Harvey,” National Hurricane Center, May 9, 2018, page 6, https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/data/tcr/AL092017_Harvey.pdf.
5. Marie Noelle Meyer and Nancy Lucht, “Leo Futia’s Obituary,” New York Times, January 27, 2017, https://www.legacy.com/obituaries/nytimes/obituary.aspx?n=leo-futia&pid=183730676&fhid=11210.
6. Andrew Seng, “N.Y. Creates ‘Containment Zone’ in New Rochelle,” New York Times, March 10, 2020, https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/10/nyregion/coronavirus-new-york-update.html.
7. Dan Cable, “Helping Your Team Feel the Purpose in Their Work,” Harvard Business Review, November 5, 2019, https://hbr.org/2019/10/helping-your-team-feel-the-purpose-in-their-work?_lrsc=8050627a-9c4c-415b-8e14-0148e9226490.
8. Valerie Bolden-Barrett, “Acute Skills Shortage Could Impede US Business Growth by 2030,” HR Dive, May 4, 2018, https://www.hrdive.com/news/acute-skills-shortage-could-impede-us-business-growth-by-2030/522721/.
9. Bob Evans, “Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella Unveils New Digital Strategy for Businesses: ‘Tech Intensity,’” Forbes.com, September 24, 2018, https://www.forbes.com/sites/bobevans1/2018/09/24/microsoft-ceo-satya-nadella-unveils-new-customer-weapon-tech-intensity/#7442e7514d2f; Tony Bradley, “Microsoft Reveals the Power of ‘Tech Intensity,’” Forbes.com, December 18, 2019, https://www.forbes.com/sites/tonybradley/2019/12/18/microsoft-reveals-the-power-of-tech-intensity/#63ea53c66714.
10. Anand Chopra-McGowan, “How Companies and Governments Can Advance Employee Education,” Harvard Business Review, September 24, 2019, https://hbr.org/2019/09/how-companies-and-governments-can-advance-employee-education.
11. Steve Glaveski, “Where Companies Go Wrong with Learning and Development,” Harvard Business Review, October 2, 2019, https://hbr.org/2019/10/where-companies-go-wrong-with-learning-and-development
12. Whiteshield Partners Global Labor Resilience Index, “Launch of the Global Labour Resilience Index 2019 in Davos,” press release, January 22, 2019, https://www.whiteshieldpartners.com/unlocking_the _full_potential_of_work.
1. INSURANCE: TRANSFORMING AN INCUMBENT INDUSTRY
1. Library of Congress, The European Reading Room, The Germans in America, Chronology, https://www.loc.gov/rr/european/imde/germchro.html, accessed June 12, 2020.
2. Russ Banham, Fulfilling Promises: The Guardian Life Insurance Company of America at 150 (Old Saybrook, CT: Greenwich, 2009), 26.
3. Wikipedia.org, “Mutual Insurance,” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutual_insurance, accessed May 26, 2020.
4. Daily Mail, “Global Markets Bounce Back After U.S. Credit Warning … but Dollar Could Still Lose Its Position as the World’s Currency,” April 19, 2011, https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1378176/Stocks-plunge-S-P-cuts-U-S-outlook-negative-threat-credit-score.html.
5. Kweilin Ellingrud and Meghan Lodolo, “Gender Parity Is Still a Problem in Insurance: Here’s What Leaders Can Do.” McKinsey & Company, October 17, 2019, https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/financial-services/our-insights/insurance-blog/gender-parity-is-still-a-problem-in-insurance-heres-what-leaders-can-do.
6. Michael Luis, “Indexer: Taking Over—Millennials Everywhere?” Post Alley (Seattle), December 7, 2019, https://www.postalley.org/2019/12/07/indexer-taking-over-millennials-everywhere/.
7. Shankar Vedantam, You 2.0: Rebel with a Cause, Hidden Brain, July 23, 2018, https://www.npr.org/2018/07/23/631524581/you-2-0-rebel-with-a-cause.
8. Hidden Brain (NPR podcast), “You 2.0: Rebel With A Cause,” August 19, 2019, https://www.npr.org/2019/08/19/752394477/you-2-0-rebel-with-a-cause?
9. Mwenya Mubanga, Liisa Byberg, Christoph Nowak, Agneta Egenvall, Patrik K. Magnusson, Erik Ingelsson, and Tove Fall, “Dog Ownership and the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and Death—A Nationwide Cohort Study,” Scientific Reports 7, no. 1 (November 2017). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-16118-6.
10. Mike Allen, “1 Big Thing: AI Is Coming for White-Collar Workers,” Axios AM, November 20, 2019, https://www.axios.com/newsletters/axios-am-26df1f17-b588-4529-be6c-3835aed2b8fd.html?chunk=0&utm _term=emshare#story0.
11. Andrew McAfee and Erik Brynjolfsson, The Second Machine Age: Work, Progress, and Prosperity in a Time of Brilliant Technologies (New York: Norton, 2014); Jason B, Boole Fund, “The Second Machine Age,” October 15, 2017, http://boolefund.com/the-second-machine-age/?
12. Science.gov (United States), Mortality and morbidity in the 21st century, Case, Anne; Deaton, Angus, 2017-01-01, https://worldwidescience.org/topicpages/m/mortality+biological+plausibility.html?
13. Jacob Morgan Podcast, Episode 129, “The Gig Economy Smackdown,” April 3, 2017, https://thefutureorganization.com/gig-economy-smackdown/.
14. Mary L. Gray and Siddharth Suri, Ghost Work: How to Stop Silicon Valley from Building a New Global Underclass (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2019).
2. THE FUTURE OF WORK IS HAPPENING NOW
1. Partnership for New York City, https://pfnyc.org/.
2. Mike Pence, “Remarks by the Vice President at a CEO Town Hall Meeting on the United States Business Climate,” April 4, 2017, https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/remarks-the-vice-president-ceo-town-hall-meeting-the-united-states-business-climate.
3. A. W. Geiger, “How Americans See Automation and the Workplace in 7 Charts,” Pew Research Center, April 8, 2019, https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2019/04/08/how-americans-see-automation-and-the-workplace-in-7-charts/.
4. Liam Kennedy, “Book Review: The Technology Trap: Capital, Labour and Power in the Age of Automation by Carl Benedikt Frey,” LSE Business Review, September 13, 2019, https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/businessreview/2019/09/15/the-technology-trap-capital-labour-and-power-in-the-age-of-automation-book-review/.
5. Michael Osborne and Carl Benedikt Frey, “Automation and the Future of Work: Understanding the Numbers,” Oxford Martin School, April 13, 2018 https://www.oxfordmartin.ox.ac.uk/blog/automation-and-the-future-of-work-understanding-the-numbers/.
6. Derek Thompson, “A World Without Work,” Atlantic, November 6, 2017, https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2015/07/world-without-work/395294/.
7. Alex Williams, “Will Robots Take Our Children’s Jobs?” New York Times, December 11, 2017, https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/11/style/robots-jobs-children.html.
8. Marguerite Ward, “AI and Robots Could Threaten Your Career Within 5 Years.” CNBC, October 5, 2017. https://www.cnbc.com/2017/10/05/report-ai-and-robots-could-change-your-career-within-5-years.html.
9. R. C. Allen, “Engels’ Pause: Technical Change, Capital Accumulation, and Inequality in the British Industrial Revolution.” Explorations in Economic History 4, no.4 (2009): 418–35, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eeh.2009.04.004.
10. Liam Kennedy, “Book Review: The Technology Trap: Capital, Labour and Power in the Age of Automation by Carl Benedikt Frey,” London School of Economics, September 4, 2019, //blogs.lse.ac.uk/lsereviewofbooks/2019/09/04/book-review-the-technology-trap-capital-labour-and-power-in-the-age-of-automation-by-carl-frey/?
11. Brandon Miller and Judson Jones, “Climate Change Is Killing People Now, and It’s Going to Get Much Deadlier,” CNN, August 2, 2018, https://www.cnn.com/ampstories/world/climate-change-is-killing-people-now-and-its-going-to-get-much-deadlier.
12. “What Jobs Are Being Taken over by Robots and Computers?” Computer Hope, March 6, 2020, https://www.computerhope.com/issues/ch001799.htm.
13. Mallory Pickett, “Robots Are Now Handling Pills. Will Pharmacists Be Liberated or Out of Work?” KQED, April 28, 2016, https://www.kqed.org/futureofyou/153628/when-a-robot-counts-out-your-pills-what-will-your-pharmacist-do.
14. Jena Tesse Fox, “With Alexa for Hospitality, Marriott Adds Amazon to the Guest Experience,” Hotel Management, June 19, 2018, https://www.hotelmanagement.net/tech/alexa-for-hospitality-marriott-adds-amazon-to-guest-experience-0.
15. James Manyika, Susan Lund, Michael Chui, Jacques Bhugin, Jonathan Woetzel, Parul Batra, Ryan Ko, and Saurabh Sanghvi, “Jobs Lost, Jobs Gained: What the Future of Work Will Mean for Jobs, Skills, and Wages,” McKinsey & Company, November 2017, https://www.mckinsey.com/featured-insights/future-of-work/jobs-lost-jobs-gained-what-the-future-of-work-will-mean-for-jobs-skills-and-wages.
16. Manyika et al. “Jobs Lost, Jobs Gained.”
17. Anu Magdavkar, James Manyika, Mekala Krishnan, Kweilin Ellingrud, Lareina Yee, Jonathan Woetzel, Michael Chui, Vivian Hunt, and Sruti Balakrishnan, “The Future of Women at Work: Transitions in the Age of Automation,” McKinsey & Company, June 2019, https://www.mckinsey.com/featured-insights/gender-equality/the-future-of-women-at-work-transitions-in-the-age-of-automation.
18. Dana Tanyeri, “The Future of Automation in Foodservice,” Foodservice Equipment & Supplies, May 1, 2018, https://fesmag.com/features/foodservice-issues/15850-the-future-of-automation-in-foodservice.
19. Tanyeri, “The Future of Automation in Foodservice.”
20. Melia Robinson, “Silicon Valley’s Robot-Made-Pizza Startup Promises to Keep Human Employees When the Robots Take Over,” Business Insider, October 3, 2016, https://www.businessinsider.com/zume-pizza-robots-replacing-human-workers-2016-9.
21. Robinson, “Silicon Valley’s Robot-Made-Pizza Startup.”
22. David Deming, “The Robots Are Coming: Prepare for Trouble,” New York Times, January 30, 2020, https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/30/business/artificial-intelligence-robots-retail.html.
23. Robinson, “Silicon Valley’s Robot-Made-Pizza Startup”; and Simone Stolzoff, “These Two Silicon Valley Pizza Places Show the Challenges Posed by Automation and Inequality,” Fast Company, February 2, 2018, http://www.fastcompany.com/40511861/these-two-silicon-valley-pizza-places-show-the-challenges-posed-by-automation-and-inequality?platform=hootsuite.
24. Sarah Loff, “Apollo 11 Mission Overview,” NASA, April 17, 2015, https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/apollo/missions/apollo11.html.
25. Elizabeth Howell, “Apollo 11’s Vintage Tech: The Most Amazing Moon Landing Innovations,” Space.com, July 24, 2014, https://www.space.com/26630-apollo-11-vintage-tech-innovations.html.
26. Howell, “Apollo 11’s Vintage Tech”; and Mark Betancourt, https://www.space.com/26630-apollo-11-vintage-tech-innovations.html, Air & Space Magazine, September 19, 2017, https://www.airspacemag.com/space/we-built-saturn-v-180964759/.
27. Amanda Barnett and Jackie Wattles, “SpaceX Falcon Heavy: How the Biggest Rockets in History Stack Up,” CNN Money, February 6, 2018, https://money.cnn.com/2018/02/06/technology/future/biggest-rockets-falcon-heavy-comparison/index.html.
28. Cliff Saran, “Apollo 11: The Computers That Put Man on the Moon,” Computer Weekly, July 17, 2009, https://www.computerweekly.com/feature/Apollo-11-The-computers-that-put-man-on-the-moon.
29. Saran, “Apollo 11”; and Paul Smith, “The Brilliant, and Surprisingly Funny, Computer Code Behind the Apollo 11 Mission,” Slate, July 12, 2016, https://slate.com/technology/2016/07/the-brilliant-funny-computer-code-behind-the-apollo-11-mission.html; and Robert McMillan, “Her Code Got Humans on the Moon—And Invented Software Itself,” Wired, June 29, 2017, https://www.wired.com/2015/10/margaret-hamilton-nasa-apollo/.
30. Randy Nelson, “The Size of iPhone’s Top Apps Has Increased by 1,000 Percent in Four Years,” Sensor Tower Blog, June 19, 2017, https://sensortower.com/blog/ios-app-size-growth.
31. Rockwell Anyoha, “The History of Artificial Intelligence,” Science in the News, Harvard University Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, April 21, 2019, http://sitn.hms.harvard.edu/flash/2017/history-artificial-intelligence/.
32. Rani Molla, “Why People Are Buying More Expensive Smartphones than They Have in Years,” Vox, January 23, 2018, https://www.recode.net/2018/1/23/16923832/global-smartphone-prices-grew-faster-iphone-quarter.
33. Gary Marcus and Ernest Davis, Rebooting AI: Building Artificial Intelligence We Can Trust (New York: Random House, 2019), 43.
34. Anyoha, “The History of Artificial Intelligence.”
35. IBM, “Project Debater,” December 1, 2018, https://www.research.ibm.com/artificial-intelligence/project-debater/; Dieter Bohn, “What It’s Like to Watch an IBM AI Successfully Debate Humans,” The Verge, June 18, 2018, https://www.theverge.com/2018/6/18/17477686/ibm-project-debater-ai; Olivia Solon, “Man 1, Machine 1: Landmark Debate Between AI and Humans Ends in Draw,” Guardian, June 18, 2018, https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2018/jun/18/artificial-intelligence-ibm-debate-project-debater; and Cade Metz and Steve Lohr, “IBM Unveils System that ‘Debates’ with Humans,” New York Times, June 18, 2018, https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/18/technology/ibm-debater-artificial-intelligence.html.
36. David Rotman, “What Role Does Technology Play in Record Levels of Income Inequality?” MIT Technology Review, July 26, 2019, https://www.technologyreview.com/s/531726/technology-and-inequality/.
37. Edwin Koc, “Is There Really a Skills Gap?” National Association of Colleges and Employers, February 1, 2018, https://www.naceweb.org/talent-acquisition/trends-and-predictions/is-there-really-a-skills-gap/.
38. Leslie Stevens-Huffman, “Tech Jobs in Danger of Becoming Extinct,” Dice Insights, October 24, 2017, https://insights.dice.com/2017/10/24/tech-jobs-danger-becoming-extinct/.
39. Lauren Silverman, “Scanning the Future, Radiologists See Their Jobs at Risk,” NPR, September 4, 2017, https://www.npr.org/sections/alltechconsidered/2017/09/04/547882005/scanning-the-future-radiologists-see-their-jobs-at-risk.
40. Kevin Sharps, Chin Ma, Michele van Rensburg, and Nikias Stefanakis, “Embracing Digital Disruption: Consumer Buying Preferences and Life Insurance in a Digital Age,” Deloitte Insights, 2018, https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/insights/us/articles/4381_Life-insurance/DI_Life-insurance.pdf.
41. Jacqueline Barrett, “Quantifying Skills Gaps with the Economic Graph,” April 19, 2018, https://economicgraph.linkedin.com/blog/Quantifying-skills-gaps-with-the-economic-graph; Silverman, “Scanning the Future.”
42. LinkedIn Economic Graph Team, “LinkedIn Workforce Report | United States | April 2019,” April 8, 2019, https://economicgraph.linkedin.com/resources/linkedin-workforce-report-april-2019.
43. Tanay Warerkar, “Uber Surpasses Yellow Cabs in Average Daily Ridership in NYC,” Curbed NY, October 13, 2017, https://ny.curbed.com/2017/10/13/16468716/uber-yellow-cab-nyc-surpass-ridership.
44. Carmen Reinicke, “Autonomous Vehicles Won’t Only Kill Jobs. They Will Create Them, Too,” CNBC, August 11, 2018, https://www.cnbc.com/2018/08/10/autonomous-vehicles-are-creating-jobs-heres-where.html.
45. Reinicke, “Autonomous Vehicles Won’t Only Kill Jobs.”
46. Suhasini Gadam, “What Kind of Jobs Are Self-Driving Cars Going to Create?” Medium, June 26, 2018, https://medium.com/datadriveninvestor/what-kind-of-jobs-are-self-driving-cars-going-to-create-412a11d820a6.
47. Erin Winick, “Self-Driving Cars Endanger Nearly Four Million Jobs but Could Create a $7 Trillion Industry,” MIT Technology Review, April 23, 2019, https://www.technologyreview.com/f/609747/self-driving-cars-endanger-nearly-four-million-jobs-but-could-create-a-7-trillion-industry/.
48. John Seabrook, “The Age of Robot Farmers,” New Yorker, June 25, 2019, https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2019/04/15/the-age-of-robot-farmers.
49. Altaira Northe, “The Future of Checkout: How Retailers Are Innovating the Payment Experience,” Shopify, December 21, 2017, https://www.shopify.com/retail/trend-watch-the-death-of-the-checkout-line.
50. Eric Adams, “Drone Delivery Services Are Actually, Finally Almost Here,” Wired, April 27, 2019, https://www.wired.com/story/drone-delivery-services-are-actually-finally-almost-here/.
51. Dan Kopf, “Low-Skill Workers Aren’t Actually the Ones Most Threatened by Robots,” Quartz, June 26, 2017, https://qz.com/1010831/the-middle-skill-job-is-disappearing-in-rich-countries/.
52. Derek Thompson, “The Hollowing Out of America’s Middle Class,” Atlantic, September 1, 2010, https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2010/09/the-hollowing-out-of-americas-middle-class/62330/; Michael Chui, James Manyika, and Mehdi Miremadi, “Where Machines Could Replace Humans—And Where They Can’t (Yet),” McKinsey & Company, July 16, 2016, https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/digital-mckinsey/our-insights/where-machines-could-replace-humans-and-where-they-cant-yet.
53. Larry Elliott, “Robots Will Not Lead to Fewer Jobs—But the Hollowing Out of the Middle Class,” Guardian, August 20, 2017, https://www.theguardian.com/business/2017/aug/20/robots-are-not-destroying-jobs-but-they-are-hollow-out-the-middle-class.
54. “Inequality Hurts Economic Growth, Finds OECD Research,” OECD, September 12, 2014, http://www.oecd.org/newsroom/inequality-hurts-economic-growth.htm.
55. “Inequality Hurts Economic Growth.”; Christopher Ingraham, “How Rising Inequality Hurts Everyone, Even the Rich,” Washington Post, February 6, 2018, https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2018/02/06/how-rising-inequality-hurts-everyone-even-the-rich/?utm_term=.eb7820c0098c; Rupa Duttagupta, Stefania Fabrizio, Davide Furceri, and Sweta Saxena, “Growth That Reaches Everyone: Facts, Factors, Tools,” IMF Blog, September 20, 2017, https://blogs.imf.org/2017/09/20/growth-that-reaches-everyone-facts-factors-tools/; and Pedro Nicolaci da Costa, “Inequality Is Getting So Bad It’s Threatening the Very Foundation of Economic Growth,” Business Insider, September 25, 2017, https://www.businessinsider.com/inequality-impact-economic-growth-2017-9.
56. Ingraham, “How Rising Inequality Hurts Everyone, Even the Rich.”
3. ALL TOGETHER NOW: ALIGNING EDUCATION AND TRAINING FOR THE FUTURE
1. “Pathways Between Education & Employment,” Strada Education Network, n.d., https://www.stradaeducation.org/.
2. “Targeted Universalism: Policy & Practice,” Targeted Universalism: Policy & Practice | Othering & Belonging Institute, May 8, 2019, https://haasinstitute.berkeley.edu/targeteduniversalism.
3. Tara Westover, “Is College Merely Helping Those Who Need Help Least?,” New York Times, September 11, 2019, https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/11/books/review/the-years-that-matter-most-paul-tough.html.
4. Donald Fan, “Elevating Today’s Workforce to Meet Tomorrow’s Challenges: A Case Study,” Profiles in Diversity Journal, July 3, 2019, https://diversityjournal.com/19416-elevating-todays-workforce-to-meet-tomorrows-challenges-a-case-study/.
5. Susan Lund, James Manyika, Liz Hilton Segel, André Dua, Bryan Hancock, Scott Rutherford, and Brent Macon, “The Future of Work in America: People and Places, Today and Tomorrow,” McKinsey & Company, July 2019, https://www.mckinsey.com/featured-insights/future-of-work/the-future-of-work-in-america-people-and-places-today-and-tomorrow.
6. Julie Murphy, executive vice president of People, Walmart U.S., March 27, 2019, “Unlock the Future: Introducing Live Better U, the New Name for Associate Education Benefits,” https://corporate.walmart.com/newsroom/2019/03/27/unlock-the-future-introducing-live-better-u-the-new-name-for-associate-education-benefits.
7. “Code.org,” n.d., https://code.org/promote.
8. “ChannelPoint Stakes Claim to Be Insurance Industry Portal,” Computer Business Review, April 6, 1999, https://www.cbronline.com/news/channelpoint_stakes_claim_to_be_insurance_industry_portal.
9. Kenny Kline, inc.com, “How This Startup Is Using Data to Majorly Disrupt the Home Insurance Industry: Data Is the Key,”April 19, 2018, https://www.inc.com/kenny-kline/how-this-startup-is-majorly-disrupting-home-insurance-industry.html.
10. Alex Gray, “The 10 Skills You Need to Thrive in the Fourth Industrial Revolution,” World Economic Forum, January 19, 2016, https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/01/the-10-skills-you-need-to-thrive-in-the-fourth-industrial-revolution/; and World Economic Forum, “The Future of Jobs: Employment, Skills and Workforce Strategy for the Fourth Industrial Revolution,” Global Challenge Insight Report, January 2016, http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Future_of_Jobs.pdf.
11. “Strategy by Design,” Fast Company, December 5, 2005, https://www.fastcompany.com/52795/strategy-design.
4. BRING THE CLASSROOM INTO THE WORKPLACE
1. Magnus W. Alexander, “The Apprenticeship System of the General Electric Company at West Lynn, Massachusetts.” ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 33, no. 1 (January 1909): 141–50, https://doi.org/10.1177/000271620903300117.
2. “Los Angeles Conservancy,” General Motors Training Center, n.d., https://www.laconservancy.org/locations/general-motors-training-center.
3. Peter Cappelli, “What Employers Really Want? Workers They Don’t Have to Train,” Washington Post, September 5, 2014, https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/on-leadership/wp/2014/09/05/what-employers-really-want-workers-they-dont-have-to-train/?noredirect=on&utm_term=.1dcc3c4e36c9.
4. Daisuke Wakabayashi, “Google Unveils Job Training Initiative with $1 Billion Pledge,” New York Times, October 12, 2017, https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/12/technology/google-job-training-initiative.html; Scott Mautz, “Amazon Is Paying Its Employees $12,000 to Train for a Job at Another Company. And It’s Brilliant,” Inc.com, May 10, 2018, https://www.inc.com/scott-mautz/amazon-is-paying-its-employees-12000-to-train-for-a-job-at-another-company-its-brilliant.html; TeachThought Staff, “What You Need to Know About Amazon’s New Career Choice Program,” TeachThought, August 28, 2017. https://www.teachthought.com/current-events/what-you-need-to-know-about-amazons-new-career-choice-program/; and Taryn Oesch, “IBM’s $1 Billion Training Investment,” Training Industry, December 14, 2016, https://trainingindustry.com/articles/it-and-technical-training/ibms-1-billion-training-investment/.
5. Business Roundtable, “Open Letter to President Trump and Members of the 116th Congress,” February 5, 2019, https://www.businessroundtable.org/business-roundtable-open-letter-to-president-trump-and-members-of-the-116th-congress.
6. On Business Roundtable’s Workforce Partnership Initiative, see press release, “BRT Launches CEO-led and Community Partnerships to Strengthen U.S. Workforce”; for backgrounds on the Boeing/ Salt Lake community College initiative, see http://www.slcc.edu/workforce/uap.aspx
7. “Business Roundtable Joins BHEF to Launch New York City Regional Education Project Initiative Seeks to Diversify Financial Services Workforce,” Business Roundtable, n.d., https://www.businessroundtable.org/archive/media/news-releases/business-roundtable-joins-bhef-launch-new-york-city-regional-education-project.
8. BHEF & PwC, “Investing in America’s Data Science and Analytics Talent: The Case for Action,” April 2017, https://www.bhef.com/sites/default/files/bhef_2017_investing_in_dsa.pdf, 2; Brian K. Fitzgerald, Steve Barkanic, Isabel Cardenas-Navia, et al., “Lessons from the Great Recession: A Digital Recovery Rewards Digital Skills in Emerging Fields,” BHEF 32, no. 1, December 26, 2017, https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0950422217749189.
9. “Average Cost-per-Hire for Companies Is $4,129, SHRM Survey Finds,” SHRM, August 3, 2016, https://www.shrm.org/about-shrm/press-room/press-releases/pages/human-capital-benchmarking-report.aspx.
10. Heather Boushey and Sarah Jane Glynn, “There Are Significant Business Costs to Replacing Employees,” Center for American Progress, November 16, 2012, https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/economy/reports/2012/11/16/44464/there-are-significant-business-costs-to-replacing-employees/.
11. Rishi Iyengar, “Shop at H&M or Walmart? You Could Be Helping India’s Rural Women,” CNNMoney, December 22, 2017, https://money.cnn.com/2017/12/22/news/economy/india-women-garment-manufacturing-shahi-exports/index.html.
12. Achyuta Adhvaryu, Namrata Kala, and Anant Nyshadham, “The Skills to Pay the Bills: Returns to On-the-Job Soft Skills Training,” December 2017, https://namratakala.files.wordpress.com/2018/04/akn _pace_dec2017-1.pdf.
13. Adhvaryu et al., “The Skills to Pay the Bills.”
14. Achyuta Adhvaryu, Lavanya Garg, Namrata Kala, and Anant Nyshadham, “An Experiment in India Shows How Much Companies Have to Gain by Investing in Their Employees,” Harvard Business Review, July 25, 2017, https://hbr.org/2017/07/an-experiment-in-india-shows-how-much-companies-have-to-gain-by-investing-in-their-employees.
15. Adhvaryu et al., “An Experiment in India.”
16. David Murphey, Tawana Bandy, Hannah Schmitz, Kristin and A. Moore, “Caring Adults: Important for Positive Child Well-Being,”Childtrends.org, December 2013, https://www.childtrends.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/2013-54CaringAdults.pdf.
17. “Bloc,” Forbes.com, https://www.forbes.com/profile/bloc/#632e43c72633.
18. Anand Chopra-McGowan, “How Companies and Governments Can Advance Employee Education,” Harvard Business Review, September 24, 2019, https://hbr.org/2019/09/how-companies-and-governments-can-advance-employee-education.
19. Gail Kelman, personal communication, April 26, 2019.
20. “2004 Founders’ IPO Letter,” Alphabet Investor Relations, 2004, https://abc.xyz/investor/founders-letters/2004-ipo-letter/; “If You Had Invested Right After Google’s IPO,” Investopedia, August 13, 2015, https://bit.ly/2FvsVXw; and “ORM S-1 REGISTRATION STATEMENT Under the Securities Act of 1933: Google Inc.,” U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, April 29, 2004, https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1288776/000119312504073639/ds1.htm.
21. Ben Lovejoy, “Google’s 20 Percent Time—Birthplace of Gmail, Google Maps & Adsense—Now Effectively Dead—9to5Google,” Google, August 16, 2013, https://9to5google.com/2013/08/16/googles-20-percent-time-birthplace-of-gmail-google-maps-adsense-now-effectively-dead/.
22. “Guide: Create an Employee-to-Employee Learning Program,” re: Work with Google, n.d., https://rework.withgoogle.com/guides/learning-development-employee-to-employee/steps/introduction/.
23. “Guide: Create an Employee-to-Employee Learning Program.”
24. “Guide: Create an Employee-to-Employee Learning Program.”
25. Susan Caminiti, “AT&T’s $1 Billion Gambit: Retraining Nearly Half Its Workforce for Jobs of the Future,” CNBC, March 13, 2018, https://www.cnbc.com/2018/03/13/atts-1-billion-gambit-retraining-nearly-half-its-workforce.html.
26. Caminiti, “AT&T’s $1 Billion Gambit.”
27. AT&T, “AT&T’s Workforce: Preparing for Success Tomorrow by Investing in Our People Today,” 2016, https://about.att.com/ecms/dam/csr/PDFs/AT&T_Skilled%20Workforce%20One%20Pager_030216.pdf.
28. Caminiti, “AT&T’s $1 Billion Gambit.”
29. AT&T, “AT&T’s Workforce.”
30. Caminiti, “AT&T’s $1 Billion Gambit.”
31. John Donovan and Cathy Benko, “AT&T’s Talent Overhaul,” Harvard Business Review, October 2016, https://hbr.org/2016/10/atts-talent-overhaul.
32. Transcript, Scott Smith and Nicole Anderson.
33. Caminiti, “AT&T’s $1 Billion Gambit.”
34. Donovan and Benko, “AT&T’s Talent Overhaul.”
35. Carol Dweck, The New Psychology of Success (New York: Random House, 2007); and Christine Gross-Loh, “How Praise Became a Consolation Prize,” Atlantic, December 16, 2016, https://www.theatlantic.com/education/archive/2016/12/how-praise-became-a-consolation-prize/510845/.
36. “Why Fostering a Growth Mindset in Organizations Matters,” Senn Delaney: A Heidrick and Struggles Company, 2014, http://knowledge.senndelaney.com/docs/thought_papers/pdf/stanford_agilitystudy _hart.pdf.
37. “Leading in Learning: Building Capabilities to Deliver on Your Business Strategy,” Deloitte, n.d., https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/global/Documents/HumanCapital/gx-cons-hc-learning-solutions-placemat.pdf.
38. Tomas Chamorro-Premuzic and Josh Bersin, “4 Ways to Create a Learning Culture on Your Team,” Harvard Business Review, July 12, 2018, https://hbr.org/2018/07/4-ways-to-create-a-learning-culture-on-your-team.
39. Josh Bersin, “Becoming Irresistible: A New Model for Employee Engagement,” Deloitte Insights, January 27, 2015, https://www2.deloitte.com/insights/us/en/deloitte-review/issue-16/employee-engagement-strategies.html.
40. Robert J. Grossman, “How to Create a Learning Culture,” SHRM, May 1, 2015, https://www.shrm.org/hr-today/news/hr-magazine/pages/0515-learning-culture.aspx.
41. Jim Harter, “Employee Engagement on the Rise in the U.S.,” Gallup, August 26, 2018, https://news.gallup.com/poll/241649/employee-engagement-rise.aspx.
42. Blair Heitmann, “Nearly a Third of U.S. Professionals Are Career Sleepwalking: A Career Pivot Could Be Your Wake Up Call,” LinkedIn Blog, August 15, 2018, https://blog.linkedin.com/2018/august/15/nearly-a-third-of-u-s-professionals-are-career-sleepwalking-career-pivot.
43. David Sturt and Todd Nordstrom, “10 Shocking Workplace Stats You Need to Know,” Forbes, March 8, 2018, https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidsturt/2018/03/08/10-shocking-workplace-stats-you-need-to-know/#749f0844f3af.
44. “Breaking Boredom: What’s Really Driving Job Seekers in 2018,” Korn Ferry, January 8, 2018, https://www.kornferry.com/insights/articles/job-hunting-2018-boredom.
45. Susan Sorenson and Keri Garman, “How to Tackle U.S. Employees’ Stagnating Engagement,” Gallup, June 11, 2013, https://news.gallup.com/businessjournal/162953/tackle-employees-stagnating-engagement.aspx.
46. Nadia Pflaum, “Trump: U.S. Spends More than ‘Almost Any Other Major Country’ on Education,” PolitiFact, September 8, 2016, https://www.politifact.com/ohio/statements/2016/sep/21/donald-trump/trump-us-spends-more-almost-any-other-major-countr/.
47. “Unlocking the Secrets of Employee Engagement,” Deloitte, n.d., https://www2.deloitte.com/us/en/pages/finance/articles/cfo-insights-employee-engagement.html.
48. Harrison Kratz, “Maximizing Millennials: The Who, How, and Why of Managing Gen Y,” UNC Kenan-Flagler Business School, June 24, 2013, https://onlinemba.unc.edu/news/geny-in-the-workplace/.
49. Heitmann, “Nearly a Third of U.S. Professionals Are Career Sleepwalking.”
50. Ellen J. Langer and Judith Rodin, “The Effects of Choice and Enhanced Personal Responsibility for the Aged: A Field Experiment in an Institutional Setting,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 34, no. 2 (1976): 191–98, https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.34.2.191.
5. BRING THE WORKPLACE INTO THE CLASSROOM
1. “Using a Teletype to Interface with a Computer,” Vintage Computer, n.d., https://www.vintagecomputer.net/teletype101.cfm.
2. William H. Gates, “Raising Bill Gates” (parenting secrets from father of Microsoft founder Bill Gates), April 16, 2009, http://archive.fortune.com/2009/04/15/technology/gates_secrets.fortune/index.htm.
3. Bill Gates, “Press Room Speech: Bill Gates at Lakeside School,” The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, September 23, 2005, https://www.gatesfoundation.org/media-center/speeches/2005/09/bill-gates-lakeside-school.
4. Gates, “Bill Gates at Lakeside School.”
5. Aristotle, “Nicomachean Ethics,” MIT Internet Classics Archive, 350 BC, http://classics.mit.edu/Aristotle/nicomachaen.2.ii.html.
6. Linda B. Specht and Petrea K. Sandlin, “The Differential Effects of Experiential Learning Activities and Traditional Lecture Classes in Accounting,” Simulation & Gaming 22, no. 2 (June 1991): 196–210, https://doi.org/10.1177/1046878191222003.
7. Pearson, “The Global Learner Survey, September 2019,” https://www.pearson.com/content/dam/one-dot-com/one-dot-com/global/Files/news/gls/Pearson_Global_Learner_Survey_2019.pdf.
8. Jeffrey Scott Coker, Evan Heiser, Laura Taylor, and Connie Book, “Impacts of Experiential Learning Depth and Breadth on Student Outcomes,” Journal of Experiential Education 40, no. 1 (2016): 5–23, https://doi.org/10.1177/1053825916678265.
9. Michael Carren, phone call with the author, October 25, 2018.
10. Regina Stanback Stroud, “The Skyline College Promise Is Helping More Students Complete Their Education: Here's How,” Forbes, January 31, 2018, https://www.forbes.com/sites/civicnation/people/reginastanbackstroud/#3aa1b66d7424.
11. Alan Murray and David Meyer, “Helping Young People Into the Workforce,” Fortune, October 8, 2019, https://fortune.com/2019/10/09/helping-young-people-into-the-workforce-ceo-daily/.
12. A. Beer, J. Bray, and M. Calloway. “Partnerships for a future-ready workforce.” Washington, D.C. Association of Community College Trustees, 2018.
13. Michelle Hackman, “Looking for an Alternative to College? U.S. Studies German Apprenticeships,” Wall Street Journal, December 31, 2018, https://www.wsj.com/articles/looking-for-an-alternative-to-college-u-s-studies-german-apprenticeships-11546095602.
14. Debbie Reed, Albert Yung-Hsu Liu, Rebecca Kleinman, Annalisa Mastri, Davin Reed, Samina Sattar, and Jessica Ziegler, “An Effectiveness Assessment and Cost-Benefit Analysis of Registered Apprenticeship in 10 States: Final Report,” Mathematica Policy Research, July 25, 2012, https://www.mathematica-mpr.com/download-media?MediaItemId=%7B96EFC004-5C8F-4EF8-A396-16E2EE00796F%7D.
15. “Apprenticeship Toolkit,” U.S. Department of Labor, n.d., https://www.dol.gov/apprenticeship/toolkit/toolkitfaq.htm.
16. Tamar Jacoby, “Why Germany Is So Much Better at Training Its Workers,” Atlantic, October 16, 2014, https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2014/10/why-germany-is-so-much-better-at-training-its-workers/381550/.
17. “Graph: Germany Population Live,” Worldometer, accessed April 14, 2020, http://www.worldometers.info/world-population/germany-population/; “United States Population (LIVE),” Worldometer, Accessed April 14, 2020, http://www.worldometers.info/world-population/us-population/; “Apprenticeship: Data and Statistic,” United States Department of Labor, n.d., https://doleta.gov/oa/data_statistics.cfm; “Germany’s Apprenticeship System,” Apprenticeship Toolbox, October 4, 2019, https://www.apprenticeship-toolbox.eu/germany/apprenticeship-system-in-germany.
18. “Germany’s Apprenticeship System.”
19. Byron Auguste, “What Happens After America Graduates from High School?,” Forbes.com, https://www.forbes.com/sites/byronauguste/2019/06/26/what-happens-after-america-graduates-from-high-school/#4026ab0Pac18c9.
20. Business Wire, “Aon and Accenture Join Forces to Expand Apprenticeships Across Chicago,” August 30, 2017, https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20170830005221/en/Aon-Accentis fre-Join-Forces-Expand-Apprenticeships-Chicago.
21. Chicago Apprentice Network, “Bridging the Gap Between Talent and Opportunity: An Apprenticeship Playbook for Professional Jobs,” Accenture.com, n.d., https://www.accenture.com/us-en/about/company/apprenticeships.
22. “Bridging the Gap Between Talent and Opportunity: A Modern Apprenticeship Playbook,” Chicago Apprenticeship Network, n.d., https://s3.amazonaws.com/brt.org/Chicago-ApprenticeNetwork _BridgingtheGap_Digital_Final-2.pdf.
23. “ICATT Apprenticeship Program,” ICATT, https://www.icattapprentice ships.com/about-us/.
24. “Answers to the Top 4 Questions for Future ICATT Network Companies,” ICATT, January 2018, https://www.icattapprenticeships.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/ICATT-Company-FAQ-118.pdf.
25. “ICATT Apprentices FAQ,” ICATT, n.d, https://www.icattapprenticeships.com/apprentices/faq/; and “Retain: How the ICATT Apprenticeship Program Retains Top Talent,” ICATT, https://www.icattapprenticeships.com/retain-how-the-icatt-apprenticeship-program-retains-top-talent/.
26. “Profile of an Apprentice: Nicholas Christensen,” ICATT, n.d., https://www.icattapprenticeships.com/profile-of-an-apprentice-nicholas-christensen/.
27. “The Problem,” 12 For Life: Better Lives Through Education & Employment | A Southwire Company Initiative in Partnership with Local Schools, n.d., http://www.12forlife.com/problem.html.
28. “America’s Largest Private Companies 2019: Southwire,” Forbes, December 17, 2019, https://www.forbes.com/companies/southwire/#dc5dbde382e8.
29. “Southwire Gives Back,” 12 For Life: Better Lives Through Education & Employment | A Southwire Company Initiative in Partnership with Local Schools, n.d., http://www.12forlife.com/givingback.html.
30. “Sustainability.” Southwire, n.d., https://www.southwire.com/ourcompany/sustainability/12-for-life.htm.
31. “Sustainability” www.southwire.com/ourcompany/sustainability/12-for-life.htm; andhttps://i3community.ed.gov/i3-profiles/370.
32. Transcripts, Southwire.
33. Transcripts, Southwire.
34. “Carroll County, Georgia,” Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carroll_County,_Georgia; and “Rhode Island,” Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhode_Island.
35. Transcripts, Southwire.
36. “Graduation Rate for All Carroll County High Schools Exceeds 90 percent,” Gradick Communications LLC, September 19, 2018, http://www.gradickcommunications.com/2018/09/19/graduation-rate-for-all-carroll-county-high-schools-exceeds-90/.
37. Christopher Helman, “The Dream Factory: How Putting Kids to Work Helps Them Stay in School,” Forbes, July 31, 2014, https://www.forbes.com/sites/christopherhelman/2014/07/30/the-dream-factory-how-giving-kids-a-job-helps-keep-them-in-school/#5728d17351b9.
38. “History of P-TECH,” NYC P-Tech Schools, n.d., http://nycptechschools.org/web/about-nyc-p-tech-schools/history-of-p-tech.
39. “TECH.org,” NYC P-Tech Schools, March 5, 2020, http://www.ptech.org/.
40. “Obama’s 2013 State of the Union Speech: Full Text,” Atlantic, February 13, 2013, https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2013/02/obamas-2013-state-of-the-union-speech-full-text/273089/.
41. Stanley S. Litow, The Challenge for Business and Society: From Risk to Reward (Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2018).
42. “Meet the Board of Trustees: Stanley S. Litow.” SUNY, n.d. https://www.suny.edu/about/leadership/board-of-trustees/meet-the-trustees/board-of-trustees-stanley-litow/.
43. “Meet the Board of Trustees: Stanley S. Litow.”
44. “Meet the Board of Trustees: Stanley S. Litow.”
45. Transcript, Stan Litow.
46. Litow, The Challenge for Business and Society; and “Paul Robeson,” Encyclopædia Britannica, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Paul-Robeson.
47. Litow, The Challenge for Business and Society.
48. “P-TECH Scholars Head to ‘New Collar’ Future,” P-TECH, May 29, 2018, https://www.ibm.com/thought-leadership/ptech/index.html.
49. Kristina M. Johnson and Jennifer Ryan Crozier, “When Public and Private Sectors Join Forces to Create Opportunity,” Forbes, July 19, 2018, https://www.forbes.com/sites/gradsoflife/2018/07/19/what-happens-when-public-and-private-sectors-join-forces-to-create-opportunity/#6b273e547758.
50. Litow, The Challenge for Business and Society.
51. Transcript, Stan Litow.
52. Courtney Connley, “Patriots’ Joejuan Williams Lives off 10 percent of His Income and Says a High School Finance Class Taught Him How to Save,” CNBC, November 10, 2019, https://www.cnbc.com/2019/11/10/patriots-joejuan-williams-lives-off-10percent-of-his-income.html?__source=sharebar|email&par=sharebar.
53. Madeline Farber, “Nearly Two-Thirds of Americans Can’t Pass a Basic Test of Financial Literacy,” Fortune, July 12, 2016, http://fortune.com/2016/07/12/financial-literacy/.
54. Sam Paul, “Americans Are Clueless When It Comes to Personal Finance,” New York Post, January 18, 2018, https://nypost.com/2018/01/18/americans-are-clueless-when-it-comes-to-personal-finance/.
55. Paul, “Americans Are Clueless When It Comes to Personal Finance.”
56. Anna Bahney, “40 percent of Americans Can’t Cover a $400 Emergency Expense,” CNNMoney, May 22, 2018, https://money.cnn.com/2018/05/22/pf/emergency-expenses-household-finances/index.html.
57. Transcript, Tracy Rich.
58. Elizabeth Mann, “Connecting Community Colleges with Employers: A Toolkit for Building Successful Partnerships,” Brookings Institute, July 2017, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/gs _20170731_community_colleges_toolkit_final.pdf.
59. Transcript, Tracy Rich.
60. Michael Carren, email to the author, April 16, 2019.
61. Transcript, Tracy Rich.
62. Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library, Museum, and Boyhood Home, “The Eisenhowers: Quotes,” National Archives, https://www.eisenhowerlibrary.gov/eisenhowers/quotes.
63. Transcript, Deanna Mulligan.
6. REIMAGINE THE DIPLOMA
1. Todd Rose and Ogi Ogas, Dark Horse: Achieving Success Through the Pursuit of Fulfillment (New York: HarperOne, 2020).
2. “Astronomers Announce Exciting New Discovery Made with Microlensing Technique,” National Science Foundation, February 13, 2008, https://www.nsf.gov/news/newsmedia/planet_audio08/index.jsp.
3. Rose and Ogas, Dark Horse.
4. “Jennie McCormick—The Super Stargazer,” RNZ Radio, October 27, 2013, https://www.radionz.co.nz/national/programmes/labourday/audio/2574289/jennie-mccormick-the-super-stargazer.
5. Joseph B. Fuller and Manjari Raman, “Dismissed by Degrees: How Degree Inflation Is Undermining U.S. Competitiveness and Hurting America’s Middle Class,” Harvard Business School, October 2017, https://www.hbs.edu/managing-the-future-of-work/Documents/dismissed-by-degrees.pdf.
6. Ryan Craig, “The Skills Gap Is Actually an Awareness Gap—And It’s Easier to Fix,” Forbes, March 17, 2017, https://www.forbes.com/sites/ryancraig/2017/03/17/the-skills-gap-is-actually-an-awareness-gap-and-its-easier-to-fix/#7558f6d3ff4a.
7. “L’Oréal and General Assembly Launch ‘Digital Marketing Level 1’” L’Oréal Group, June 13, 2017. https://www.loreal.com/media/press-releases/2017/june/loreal-and-general-assembly-launch-digital-marketing-level-one.
8. “L’Oréal and General Assembly Set New Standard to Measure Marketing Skills in the Digital Age,” Business Wire, November 12, 2018, https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20181112005029/en/L’Oréal-General-Assembly-Set-New-Standard-Measure.
9. Kieran Luke, “What We Learned About 10,000 Professionals’ Digital Marketing Skills,” The Index, June 27, 2018, https://theindex.generalassemb.ly/what-we-learned-about-10-000-professionals-digital-marketing-skills-ef1374c7ffce.
10. Claire Cain Miller and Quoctrung Bui, “Switching Careers Doesn’t Have to Be Hard: Charting Jobs That Are Similar to Yours,” New York Times, July 27, 2017, https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/27/upshot/switching-careers-is-hard-it-doesnt-have-to-be.html.
11. Miller and Bui, “Switching Careers Doesn’t Have to Be Hard.”
12. European Union, “Europass Mobility,” Europass, n.d., https://europass.cedefop.europa.eu/documents/european-skills-passport/europass-mobility.
13. “Skills Passport,” Skills Passport, https://skillspassport.net/ (requires login).
14. “Ontario Skills Passport,” Ontario Ministry of Education, n.d., http://www.skills.edu.gov.on.ca/OSP2Web/EDU/Welcome.xhtml.
15. “Programs,” South Seattle College, http://www.southseattle.edu/programs-and-courses/.
16. Holly Moore, “The Potential for Stackable Credentials: From 30,000 Feet,” The EvoLLLution, May 26, 2016, https://evolllution.com/programming/credentials/the-potential-for-stackable-credentials-from-30000-feet/.
17. Morgan Jacobsen, “Stackable Credentials: A Model for College and Job Success,” Deseret News, January 30, 2016, https://www.deseretnews.com/article/865646573/Stackable-credentials-A-model-for-college-and-job-success.html.
18. Jacobsen, “Stackable Credentials.”
19. CsforAll, “New Initiative Aims to Bring Computer Science & Cyber Education to Half a Million JROTC Youth,” Medium.com, October 23, 2019, https://medium.com/csforall-stories/new-initiative-aims-to-bring-computer-science-cyber-education-to-half-a-million-jrotc-youth-c34b3df12818.
20. Adela Soliz, “Preparing America’s Labor Force: Workforce Development Programs in Public Community Colleges,” Brookings Institute, December 9, 2016, https://www.brookings.edu/research/preparing-americas-labor-force-workforce-development-programs-in-public-community-colleges/.
21. Hunt Lambert and Pete Wheelan, “Leapfrogging in Higher Ed,” TechCrunch, January 27, 2017, https://techcrunch.com/2017/01/27/leapfrogging-in-higher-ed/.
22. “Making ALL Credentials Transparent & Revealing the Marketplace of Credentials,” Credential Engine, https://credentialengine.org/.
23. Sydney Johnson, “Why New Jersey Is Banking on a Credential Registry to Boost Its Middle Class,” EdSurge, December 27, 2018, https://www.edsurge.com/news/2017-12-07-why-new-jersey-is-banking-on-a-credential-registry-to-boost-its-middle-class.
24. Elizabeth Durant and Alison Trachy, “Digital Diploma Debuts at MIT,” MIT News, October 17, 2017, http://news.mit.edu/2017/mit-debuts-secure-digital-diploma-using-bitcoin-blockchain-technology-1017; and Sydney Johnson, “In the Era of Microcredentials, Institutions Look to Blockchain to Verify Learning,” EdSurge, October 31, 2017, https://www.edsurge.com/news/2017-10-31-in-the-era-of-microcredentials-institutions-look-to-blockchain-to-verify-learning.
25. Chris Sturgis, “Chugach School District: A Personalized, Performance-Based System: Insights from the Field,” Aurora Institute, March 2016, http://www.aurora-institute.org/wp-content/uploads/CW_Chugach SchoolDistrict_APersonalizedPerformanceBasedSystem.pdf.
26. Sturgis, “Chugach School District.”
27. Sturgis, “Chugach School District.”
28. Alix Spiegel, “Teachers’ Expectations Can Influence How Students Perform,” NPR, September 17, 2012, https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2012/09/18/161159263/teachers-expectations-can-influence-how-students-perform.
29. Adam Grant, “What Straight-A Students Get Wrong,” New York Times, December 8, 2018, https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/08/opinion/college-gpa-career-success.html?utm_source=pocket&utm _medium=email&utm_campaign=pockethits.
30. Jeffrey Dastin, “Amazon Scraps Secret AI Recruiting Tool that Showed Bias Against Women,” Reuters, October 9, 2018, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-amazon-com-jobs-automation-insight/amazonscraps-secret-ai-recruiting-tool-that-showed-bias-against-women-idUSKCN1MK08G.
31. Sushman Biswas, “Can Artificial Intelligence Eliminate Bias in Hiring?” HR Technologist, October 12, 2018, https://www.hrtechnologist.com/articles/recruitment-onboarding/can-artificial-intelligence-eliminate-bias-in-hiring/.
32. “About,” Skillful, https://www.skillful.com/about.
33. “Opportunity@Work,” Opportunity at Work, https://opportunityat work.org/.
7. PUT PEOPLE FIRST
1. “Walter Reuther Quote Collection,” United Automobile, Aerospace and Agricultural Implement Workers of America, April 20, 2016, https://uaw.org/walter-reuther-quote-collection/.
2. “Crowd of Applicants Outside Highland Park Plant After Five Dollar Day Announcement, January 1914,” The Henry Ford, https://www.thehenryford.org/collections-and-research/digital-collections/artifact/35765/.
3. “Crowd of Applicants Outside Highland Park Plant.”
4. Sarah Cwiek, “The Middle Class Took Off 100 Years Ago … Thanks to Henry Ford?” NPR, January 27, 2014, https://www.npr.org/2014/01/27/267145552/the-middle-class-took-off-100-years-ago-thanks-to-henry-ford.
5. Lola Fadulu, “Why Is the U.S. So Bad at Worker Retraining?” Atlantic, February 27, 2019, https://www.theatlantic.com/education/archive/2018/01/why-is-the-us-so-bad-at-protecting-workers-from-automation/549185/.
6. Peter Blair Henry, “Averting Tragedy: Corporate Ethics and the Educational Commons,” Ethisphere, n.d., https://magazine.ethisphere.com/averting-tragedy-corporate-ethics-and-the-educational-commons/.
7. “Average Hourly Rate for Costco Wholesale Company Employees,” PayScale, April 16, 2020, https://www.payscale.com/research/US/Employer=Costco_Wholesale_Company/Hourly_Rate.
8. Andres Cardenal, “Costco vs. Wal-Mart: Higher Wages Mean Superior Returns for Investors,” Motley Fool, March 12, 2014, https://www.fool.com/investing/general/2014/03/12/costco-vs-wal-mart-higher-wages-mean-superior-retu.aspx.
9. Jeremy Bowman, “Better Buy: Costco Wholesale Corporation vs. Walmart,” Motley Fool, September 30, 2018, https://www.fool.com/investing/2018/09/30/better-buy-costco-wholesale-corporation-vs-walmart.aspx.
10. “Employment in Families with Children in 2016,” U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, April 27, 2017, https://www.bls.gov/opub/ted/2017/mobile/employment-in-families-with-children-in-2016.htm.
11. Dan Burrows, “20 Most Expensive U.S. Cities to Live In,” Kiplingers Personal Finance, April 26, 2019, https://www.kiplinger.com/slideshow/real-estate/T006-S001-most-expensive-u-s-cities-to-live-in-2019/index.html.
12. Alan Kohll, “What Employees Really Want at Work,” Forbes, July 10, 2018, https://www.forbes.com/sites/alankohll/2018/07/10/what-employees-really-want-at-work/#7aef2ffd5ad3.
13. Psychologist World, “The Zeigarnik Effect Explained,” https://www.psychologistworld.com/memory/zeigarnik-effect-interruptions-memory; and Jena McGregor, “Productivity Expert David Allen on Getting Things Done in a Digital World,” Washington Post, April 29, 2015, https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/on-leadership/wp/2015/04/29/productivity-expert-david-allen-on-getting-things-done-in-a-digital-world/?utm_term=.6aed58f41bf7.
14. Money and Mental Health Policy Institute, “Overstretched, Overdrawn, Underserved: Financial Difficulty and Mental Health at Work,” May 2017, https://www.moneyandmentalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/MMHPIOverstretched-Overdrawn-Underserved.pdf.
15. “Guardian Benefits: We Care About Our Employees, and It Shows,” Guardian, https://www.guardianlife.com/corporate-careers/guardian-benefits.
16. Geoffrey A. Fowler, “The Perk Bubble Is Growing as Tech Booms Again,” Wall Street Journal, July 6, 2011, https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702303763404576419803997423690.
17. Katie Canales, “Cayenne Pepper Ginger Shots, Homemade Lemon Tarts, and Michelin-Starred Chefs—Here’s What Employees at Silicon Valley’s Biggest Tech Companies Are Offered for Free,” Business Insider, July 31, 2018, https://www.businessinsider.com/free-food-silicon-valley-tech-employees-apple-google-facebook-2018-7; Ruth Umoh, “5 Companies with Employee Perks That Rival Google’s,” CNBC, April 28, 2018, https://www.cnbc.com/2018/04/27/facebook-netflix-amazon-and-others-offer-perks-that-rival-google.html.
18. “Netflix Culture,” Netflix, https://jobs.netflix.com/culture.
19. “Friedrich Nietzsche Quote,” BrainyQuote, https://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/friedrich_nietzsche_103819.
20. J. Brady McCollough, “Inside the USC Women’s Track Team’s Relay Miracle at the NCAA Championship,” Los Angeles Times, June 12, 2018, https://www.latimes.com/sports/usc/la-sp-usc-relay-ellis-20180612-htmlstory.html.
21. Norbert L. Kerr, “Köhler Effect,” Encyclopædia Britannica, https://www.britannica.com/science/Kohler-effect.
8. TRUST IN PURPOSE
1. “2019 Edelman Trust Barometer: Global Report,” Edelman Trust, March 2019, https://www.edelman.com/sites/g/files/aatuss191/files/2019-03/2019_Edelman_Trust_Barometer_Global_Report.pdf.
2. “2019 Edelman Trust Barometer: Global Report.”
3. Andrew Ross Sorkin, “Leaders Take a New Look at the Trust Factor,” New York Times, November 11, 2019, https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/11/business/dealbook/leaders-conference-long-term-trust.html?searchResultPosition=1.
4. John D. Stoll, “A New Year’s Resolution for Corporations: Address the Trust Crisis,” Wall Street Journal, https://www.wsj.com/articles/a-new-years-resolution-for-corporations-address-the-trust-crisis-11577473171?mod=searchresults&page=1&pos=2.
5. Stoll, “A New Year’s Resolution.”
6. Jeff Raikes, “Our ‘Bootstraps’ Narrative Is Tying Us Down,” Forbes.com, November 4, 2019, https://www.forbes.com/sites/jeffraikes/2019/11/04/our-bootstraps-narrative-is-tying-us-down/#79f284d119f3.
7. Camilo Maldonado, “Price of College Increasing Almost 8 Times Faster than Wages,” Forbes, July 24, 2018, https://www.forbes.com/sites/camilomaldonado/2018/07/24/price-of-college-increasing-almost-8-times-faster-than-wages/#25162cd366c1.
8. Aarthi Swaminathan, “ ‘Lousy System’: U.S. Official Who Resigned Explains How the Student Debt Crisis Got So Bad,” Yahoo! Finance, April 9, 2019, https://finance.yahoo.com/news/student-loans-government-problem-193631224.html.
9. Zack Friedman, “Student Loan Debt Statistics in 2019: A $1.5 Trillion Crisis,” Forbes, October 14, 2019, https://www.forbes.com/sites/zackfriedman/2019/02/25/student-loan-debt-statistics-2019/; and Abigail J. Hess, “College Grads Expect to Earn $60,000 in Their First Job—Here’s How Much They Actually Make,” CNBC, February 17, 2019, https://www.cnbc.com/2019/02/15/college-grads-expect-to-earn-60000-in-their-first-job----few-do.html.
10. Jeanna Smialek, “Student Debt Is a Driver of Low Millennial Homeownership,” Bloomberg, January 16, 2019, https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-01-16/high-student-debt-is-driving-low-millennial-homeownership-rates.
11. Vadim Revzin and Sergei Revzin, “Student Debt Is Stopping U.S. Millennials from Becoming Entrepreneurs,” Harvard Business Review, April 26, 2019, https://hbr.org/2019/04/student-debt-is-stopping-u-s-millennials-from-becoming-entrepreneurs.
12. Bora Yagiz, “U.S. Consumer Bureau Under Fire in Congress Over Reduced Protection Activity,” Reuters, March 19, 2019, https://www.reuters.com/article/bc-finreg-cfpb-reduced-protection-activi-idUSKCN1R02DL.
13. Schoeff, Mark. “SEC Further Extends Filing Deadline; Finra Pushes Arb Hearings Back Again.” InvestmentNews, March 25, 2020. https://www.investmentnews.com/article/20160329/free/160329928/fidelity-offers-to-help-employees-pay-off-student-loans.
14. Mark Schoeff, Jr., “SEC Further Extends Filing Deadline; Finra Pushes Arb Hearings Back Again,” InvestmentNews, March 25, 2020, https://www.investmentnews.com/sec-extends-filing-deadline-finra-pushes-arb-hearings-back-again-190597.
15. “Fidelty Tackles Student Loan Debt (infographic),” Fidelity, https://www.fidelity.com/bin-public/060_www_fidelity_com/documents/about-fidelity/StudentLoans_infographic.pdf.
16. Alexia Elejalde-Ruiz, “Abbott 401(k) Program to Help Employees Who Have Student Debt Could Become National Model,” Chicago Tribune, August 31, 2018, https://www.chicagotribune.com/business/ct-biz-irs-student-loan-perk-0902-story.html.
17. “Talent Investments Pay Off., Lumina Foundation, 2016, https://www.luminafoundation.org/files/resources/talent-investments-pay-off-cigna-full.pdf.
18. “Human Capital Development.” Cigna, 2018. https://www.cigna.com/about-us/corporate-responsibility/report/our-people/employee-development.
19. “Talent Investments Pay Off.”
20. “Starbucks College Achievement Plan: Frequently Asked Questions.” Starbucks, April 6, 2015. https://stories.starbucks.com/press/2015/starbucks-college-achievement-plan-frequently-asked-questions/.
21. “Starbucks College Achievement Plan: Frequently Asked Questions.” Starbucks, April 6, 2015.
22. Ark, Tom Vander. “Education As A Benefit: More Companies Support Degree Pathways.” Forbes, April 20, 2018. https://www.forbes.com/sites/tomvanderark/2018/04/16/education-as-a-benefit-more-companies-support-degree-pathways/#3a4a4625474f.
23. Whitten, Sarah. “Starbucks, Chipotle and Others Are Offering up a New Employee Perk: Paying for Their Education.” CNBC, April 18, 2018. https://www.cnbc.com/2018/04/13/restaurants-use-college-tuition-programs-to-combat-high-turnover.html.
24. Zellner, Sara. “Financial Wellness in the Workplace: The Business Imperative.” U.S. Chamber of Commerce Foundation, n.d. https://www.uschamberfoundation.org/sites/default/files/Financial Wellness Paper Layout Final For Website.pdf.
25. Elejalde-Ruiz, Alexia. “Abbott 401(k) Program to Help Employees Who Have Student Debt Could Become National Model.” Chicago Tribune.
26. “IRS Private Ruling on Student Loan Benefit Under 401(k) Plan Likely to Fuel Interest.” Groom Law Group, August 21, 2018. https://www.groom.com/resources/irs-private-ruling-on-student-loan-benefit-under-401k-plan-likely-to-fuel-interest/.
27. “Talent Investments Pay Off.”
28. Stephen Miller, “Tuition Benefits Yield Financial Payback for Employers,” SHRM, April 29, 2016, https://www.shrm.org/resourcesandtools/hr-topics/benefits/pages/tuition-benefits-yield-financial-payback-for-employers.aspx.
29. Paul Petrone, “Starbucks Is Paying 4,000 College Tuitions (And It’s Helping Them Recruit, Big Time),” LinkedIn Talent Blog, January 28, 2016, https://business.linkedin.com/talent-solutions/blog/employer-brand/2016/starbucks-is-paying-4000-college-tuitions-and-its-helping-them-recruit-big-time.
9. CONCLUSION
1. McKinsey & Co., “The CEO of Guardian Life On Talent in an Age of Digital Disruption,” March 20, 2018, https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/organization/our-insights/the-ceo-of-guardian-life-on-talent-in-an-age-of-digital-disruption?.
2. “American Workforce Policy Advisory Board,” U.S. Department of Commerce, March 17, 2020, https://www.commerce.gov/americanworker/american-workforce-policy-advisory-board.
3. “Higher Education,” Business Roundtable, n.d., https://www.business roundtable.org/policy-perspectives/building-americas-tomorrow-ready-workforce/higher-education?.
4. “Business Roundtable Outlines Principles for HEA Reauthorization,” Business Roundtable, n.d., https://www.businessroundtable.org/archive/resources/business-roundtable-outlines-principles-hea-reauthorization.
5. “Statement from the Press Secretary Regarding the National Defense Authorization Act,” The White House, December 10, 2019, https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/statement-press-secretary-regarding-national-defense-authorization-act/.
6. Rockefeller Foundation, “New Research Report Commissioned by the Rockefeller Foundation Shows American Men and Women Believe Business Leaders and Companies Have the Greatest Responsibility When It Comes to Creating Gender Equality in the Workplace,” https://www.rockefellerfoundation.org/news/13274/.
7. Tara Law, “Women Are Now the Majority of the U.S. Workforce—But Working Women Still Face Serious Challenges,” Time, January 16, 2020, https://time.com/5766787/women-workforce/; Jack Kelly, “Women Now Hold More Jobs Than Men in the U.S. Workforce,” Forbes.com, January 13, 2020, https://www.forbes.com/sites/jackkelly/2020/01/13/women-now-hold-more-jobs-than-men/#5e49deb08f8a.
8. Claire Zillman, “The Fortune 500 Has More Female CEOs Than Ever Before,” May 16, 2019, https://fortune.com/2019/05/16/fortune-500-female-ceos/.