SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY

All books were published in London unless otherwise stated.

MANUSCRIPT SOURCES

Selected files from:

Aberdeen Papers, British Library

Ardagh Papers, Public Record Office

Foreign Office Papers (including Stratford Canning Papers), Public Record Office

Layard Papers, British Library

Palmerston Letterbooks, British Library

Seymour Papers (Sir Hamilton Seymour), British Library

Smythe Papers (Lord Strangford; Francois Chabert; Bartolomeo Pisani), British Library

Strathnairn Papers (Sir Hugh Rose), British Library

PUBLISHED COLLECTIONS OF OFFCIAL DOCUMENTS

Documents Diplomatiques Françaises 1871–1914 (Paris, 1929–55)

Gooch, G.P. and Temperley, H.W.V. (eds), British Documents on the Origins of the War, 1898–1914 (1926–38)

Hurewitz, J.C., Diplomacy in the Near and Middle East, 2 vols (Princeton, 1956)

Hurst M. (ed.), Key Treaties for the Great Powers 1814–1914, 2 vols (Newton Abbot, 1972)

Lepsius, J., Mendelsohn Bartholdy A., Thimme F. (eds), Die Grosse Politik der europäischen Kabinette (Berlin, 1922–7)

Woodward, E.L., Butler, Rohan and others (eds), Documents on British Foreign Policy 1919–1939 Series 1 (1947–72)

Young, George (ed.), Corps de droit civil Ottoman (Oxford, 1907–8)

GENERAL BOOKS

Abbot, G.F., Turkey in Transition (1909)

—— The Holy War in Tripoli (1912)

Acton, Lord, Lectures on Modern History (1906)

Ahmad, F., The Young Turks (Oxford, 1957)

Albertini, L., The Origins of the War of 1914, vol. 1 (Oxford, 1951)

Alderson, A.D., The Structure of the Ottoman Dynasty (Oxford, 1956)

Anderson, M.S., The Eastern Question (1966)

Andrew, Prince, of Greece, Towards Disaster (1930)

Antonius, G., The Arab Awakening (Beirut, n.d.)

Arpee, L., The Armenian Awakening, History of the Armenian Church 1820–60 (Chicago, 1909)

Aspinall-Oglander, C.F., Military Operations, Gallipoli, 2 vols (1929–32)

Atamian, S., The Armenian Community (New York, 1955)

Atatürk, M. K., A Speech Delivered by Ghazi Mustapha Kemal, President of the Turkish Republic, October 1927 (Leipzig, 1929)

Barber, N., The Lords of the Golden Horn (1973)

Barker A.J., The Neglected War; Mesopotamia 1914–1918 (1967)

—— The Vainglorious War, 1854–56 (1970)

Barker, Thomas N., Double Eagle and Crescent (New York, 1957)

Benedikt, N., Der Pascha-Graf Alexander von Bonneval (Cologne and Graz, 1959)

Bennett, E.N., With the Turks in Tripoli (1912)

Berkes, N., The Development of Secularization in Turkey (Montreal, 1964)

Bernard, J.F., Talleyrand (1973)

Blaisdell, D.C., European Financial Control in the Ottoman Empire (New York, 1929)

Boutelle, L.M. and Thayer, G.W., A Digest of the Krasnyi Arkhiv volumes 1–40 (Cleveland, 1947)

Bülow, Prince B. von, Memoirs, 1897–1903 (1932)

Busch, B.C., Britain and the Persian Gulf 1894–1914 (1976)

Cassels, L., The Struggle for the Ottoman Empire 1717–1740 (1966)

Chandler, David, The Campaigns of Napoleon (1966)

Chapman, M.K., Great Britain and the Baghdad Railway 1888–1914 (Northampton, Mass., 1948)

Cheetham, Sir Nicholas, Mediaeval Greece (New Haven, Conn., 1981)

Childs, Timothy W., Italo-Turkish Diplomacy and the War over Libya, 1911–1912 (Leiden, 1990)

Clogg, R. (ed.), The Struggle for Greek Independence (Manchester 1973)

—— The Movement for Greek Independence (1976)

Cook, E., Short Life of Florence Nightingale (1925)

Cooke, M.A. (ed.), A History of the Ottoman Empire to 1730 (Cambridge, 1976)

Corti, E., The Downfall of Three Dynasties (1934)

Crampton, R.J., A History of Bulgaria, 1878–1918 (New York, 1983)

Crawley, C.W., The Question of Greek Independence (Cambridge, 1930)

Curtiss, J.S., Russia’s Crimean War (Durham, NC, 1979)

Dakin, D., The Greek Struggle in Macedonia (Salonika, 1966)

—— The Unification of Greece (1972)

Davison, Roderic H., Reform in the Ottoman Empire, 1856–1876 (Princeton, 1963)

—— Essays in Ottoman and Turkish History (Austin, Texas, 1990)

Devereux, R., The First Ottoman Constitutional Period (Baltimore, 1963)

Djemal Pasha, Memoirs of a Turkish Statesman, 1913–19 (1922)

Djevad Bey, A., État militaire ottoman (Constantinople, 1882)

Earle, E.M., Turkey, the Great Powers and the Baghdad Railway (New York, 1923)

Einstein, Lewis, Inside Constantinople (1917)

Eliot, Sir Charles (‘Odysseus’), Turkey in Europe (1900)

Feis, Herbert, Europe, the World’s Banker (New Haven, Conn., 1930)

Edib, Halide, The Turkish Ordeal (1928)

Elliot, Sir Henry, Some Revolutions and Other Diplomatic Experiences (1922)

Emin (Yalman), Ahmed, Turkey in the World War (New Haven, Conn., 1930)

Encyclopaedia of Islam, first edition (Leiden, 1913–38)

Encyclopaedia of Islam, second edition (Leiden, 1954 continuing)

Falls, Cyril, Armageddon (1964)

Fischer, F., Germany’s Aims in the First World War (1967)

—— War of Illusions, German Policies 1911 to 1914 (1975)

Fitzherbert, M., The Man Who Was Greenmantle (1983)

Flachat, Jean-Claude, Observations sur le Commerce et sur les art . . . même des Indes Orientales (Lyons, 1766)

Frazee, C.A., Orthodox Church and Independent Greece (1969)

—— Christians and Sultans (1980)

Friedman, Isaiah, Germany, Turkey and Zionism (Oxford, 1977)

Fromkin, David, A Peace to End All Peace (1989)

Fulford, Roger (ed.), Your Dear Letter (1971)

Gaulis, G., La Ruine d’une Empire (Paris, 1921)

Gibb, Sir Hamilton and Bowen, H., Islamic Society and the West, two parts (1950, 1957)

Gilbert, Martin, Winston S. Churchill, vol. 3 (1982), Companion to vol. 3 (1972), and vol. 4 (1985)

—— Sir Horace Rumbold, Portrait of a Diplomat, 1869–1941 (1973)

Gillard, D., The Struggle for Asia (1977)

Göltz, W.L.C. von der, Die Thessalische Krieg und die türkische Armee (Berlin, 1898)

—— The Turkish Army, characteristics and capabilities (1898)

—— Denkwürdigkeiten (ed. F. von der Göltz and W. Foerster, Berlin, 1929)

Grant, N., The Kaiser’s Letters to the Tsar (1920)

Gulbersoy, Celik, Dolmabahche (Istanbul, 1984) (in Turkish)

Halsband, R., The Complete Letters of Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, vol. 1 (Oxford, 1965)

Harington, Sir Charles, Tim Harington Looks Back (1940)

Haslip, Joan, The Sultan (1958)

Hayder, Ali, A Prince of Arabia (ed. G. Stitt) (1948)

Helmreich, E.C., Diplomacy of the Balkan Wars (Cambridge, Mass., 1938)

Herold, C., Bonaparte in Egypt (1963)

Hinsley, F.H. (ed.), British Foreign Policy under Sir Edward Grey (Cambridge, 1977)

Hobhouse, J.C., A Journey through Albania . . . to Constantinople during the Years 1809 and 1810 (1913)

Holland, Sir Henry, Travels in Ionian Islands, Albania . . . , vol. 1 (1819)

Holt, P.M., Egypt and the Fertile Crescent, 1576–1922 (1965)

Holt, P.M., Lambton, A.K.S. and Lewis, B. (eds), Cambridge History of Islam (1970)

Hovannissian, Richard, Armenia on the Road to Independence (Berkeley, 1967)

Howard, H.N., The Partition of Turkey 1913–1923 (Norman, Oklahoma, 1931)

—— An American Enquiry in the Middle East: the King-Crane Commission (Beirut, 1963)

—— Turkey, the Straits and U.S. Policy (Baltimore, 1974)

Inalcik, Halil, The Ottoman Empire, 1300–1600 (1973)

Issawi, C., The Economic History of the Middle East (Chicago, 1966)

—— The Economic History of Turkey 1800–1914 (Chicago, 1980)

James, Robert Rhodes, Gallipoli (1965)

Jelavich, Barbara, History of the Balkans, Vol. 2, XXth Century (Cambridge, 1983)

Jelavich, C., Tsarist Russia and Balkan Nationalism (Westport, Conn., 1978)

Juchereau de St Denys, A., Les Revolutions de Constantinople en 1807–08 (Paris, 1819)

Kedourie, Elie, England and the Middle East, The Destruction of the Ottoman Empire 1914–21 (1956: rev. ed. 1987)

—— The Chatham House Version (1970)

—— In the Anglo-Arab Labyrinth (Cambridge, 1976)

Kelly, Laurence, Istanbul, A Traveller’s Companion (1987)

Kannengeisser, Hans, The Campaign in Gallipoli (1927)

Kennedy, A.L., Salisbury, 1830–1903 (1953)

Kent, Marian (ed.), The Great Powers and the End of the Ottoman Empire (1984)

Kinross, Lord, Atatürk, The Rebirth of a Nation (1964)

—— The Ottoman Centuries; The Rise and Fall of the Turkish Empire (1987)

Koetschek, J., Aus dem Leben Serdar Ekrem Omer pasha (Sarajevo,? 1890)

—— Aus Bosniens letzer Turkenzeit (Vienna, 1905)

Kreutel, Richard, Kara Mustafa vor Wien (Graz, 1955)

Lane-Poole, S., Life of Stratford Canning, Viscount Stratford de Redcliffe, 2 vols (1888)

Langer, W.L., The Diplomacy of Imperialism (New York, rev. ed. 1951)

Lawrence, T.E., The Seven Pillars of Wisdom (1935)

Lecestre, L., Lettres inédites de Napoléon I, vol. 1 (Paris, 1897)

Lewis, Bernard, The Emergence of Modern Turkey (Oxford, 1968)

Llewellyn-Smith, Michael, Ionian Vision: Greece in Asia Minor, 1919–22 (1973)

Longrigg, S., Oil in the Middle East (3rd ed., Oxford, 1968)

Lorenz, Reinhold, Kaiser Karl und der Untergang der Donaumonarchie (Graz, 1959)

Lowenthal, M. (ed.), Diaries of Theodor Herzl (1958)

McCullagh, F., The Fall of Abdul-Hamid (1910)

Macfarlane, C., Constantinople in 1828 (1829)

Mackesy, Piers, The War in the Mediterranean, 1803–10 (1957)

MacMunn, Sir George and Falls, Cyril, Military Operations in Egypt and Palestine, 2 vols (1930–39)

Mansfield, P., The Ottoman Empire and its Successors (1973)

—— The Arabs (2nd ed. 1985)

Marchand, L.A. (ed.), Byron Letters, vol. 1 (1973)

Marder, A.J., British Naval Policy 1890–1905 (1941)

Mears, E.G., and others, Modern Turkey (New York, 1924)

Meyendorff, A. (ed.), Correspondence Diplomatique de M. de Staal, vol. 2 (Paris, 1929)

Midhat, Ali Haydar, The Life of Midhat Pasha (1903)

Miot de Melito, A.F., Mémoires I (Paris, 1858)

Miller, W., The Ottoman Empire and its Successors (4th ed., Cambridge, 1936)

Moltke, H. von, Briefe aus dem Turkei (Berlin, 1873)

Morgenthau, Henry, Secrets of the Bosphorus (1918)

Moseley, P.E., Russian Diplomacy and the Opening of the Eastern Question in 1838 and 1839 (Cambridge, Mass., 1934)

Moutraye, Aubrey de la, Travels, vol. 1 (1723)

Nalbandian, L., The Armenian Revolutionary Movement (Berkeley, 1963)

Napoleon, I., Corréspondence de Napoléon I (Paris, 1854–69)

Nicholas, Prince, of Greece, My Fifty Years (1926)

Nicolson, Harold, Lord Carnock (1930)

—— Peacemaking 1919 (1933)

—— Curzon, The Last Phase (1934)

Norris, J., The First Afghan War (Cambridge, 1967)

Ochsenwald, W., The Hij’az Railroad (Charlottesville, 1980)

Orga, Irfan, Portrait of a Turkish Family (1988)

Palmer, Alan, The Gardeners of Salonika (1965)

—— Metternich (1972)

—— Alexander I, Tsar of War and Peace (1974)

—— The Kaiser (1976)

—— The Chancelleries of Europe (1983)

—— The Banner of Battle (1987)

Papadopoulos, George S., England and the Near East, 1896–1898 (Salonika, 1969)

Papen, Franz von, Memoirs (1952)

Pears, E., Forty Years at Constantinople (1916)

—— Life of Abdul-Hamid (1917)

Petrovich, M. Boro, History of Modern Serbia, vol. 1 (New York, 1976)

Plomer, William, Ali the Lion (1936)

Polk, W.R., The Opening of South Lebanon (Cambridge, Mass., 1963)

Porter, D., Mother Teresa, The Early Years (1986)

Pribicevich, Stoyan, Macedonia, Its People and History (Pittsburgh, Penn., 1982)

Puryear, V., Napoleon and the Dardanelles (Berkeley, 1951)

Ramsaur, E.F., The Young Turks (Princeton, 1957)

Remerland, G., Ali de Tekelen, Pasha de Janina (Paris, 1928)

Rose, Kenneth, The Later Cecils (1975)

Runciman, Sir Stephen, The Fall of Constantinople 1453 (1969)

Russell, Braddon, The Siege (1969)

Russell, G.W.E., Malcolm MacColl (1914)

Ryan, Sir Andrew, The Last of the Dragomans (1951)

Sanders, Liman von, Five Years in Turkey (Annapolis, 1927): original German version, Funf Jahre Turkei (Berlin, 1920), is preferable

Sarkissian, A.O., History of the Armenian Question to 1885 (Urbana, 1938)

Schiemann, T., Geschichte Russlands unter Kaiser Nikolaus I, 4 vols (Berlin, 1904–19)

Seton-Watson, R.W., Disraeli, Gladstone and the Eastern Question (1933)

—— History of the Rumanians (Cambridge, 1934)

Shaw, S.J., Between Old and New: The Ottoman Empire under Sultan Selim III (Cambridge, Mass., 1971)

—— History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey: Empire of the Gazis (Cambridge, 1977)

Shaw, S.J. and E.K., History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey: Reform, Revolution and Republic (Cambridge, 1977)

Shay, M.L., Ottoman Empire from 1720 to 1734 as revealed in despatches of the Venetian bailo (Urbana, 1944)

Shilder, N., Imperator Nikolaus I (St Petersburg, 1903)

Skendi, S., The Albanian National Awakening, 1878–1912 (Princeton, 1967)

Slade, Adolphus, Record of Travels in Turkey, Greece, etc. (1854)

Smith, C.L., The Embassy of Sir William White at Constantinople 1886–1891 (Oxford, 1957)

Stein, L.J., The Balfour Declaration (1961)

Stiles, Andrina, The Ottoman Empire 1450–1700 (1989)

Stoye, John, The Siege of Vienna (1967)

Stratford de Redcliffe, Lord, The Eastern Question (1881)

Sumner, B.H., Russia and the Balkans, 1870–1880 (Oxford, 1937)

Swire, J., Balkan Conspiracy (1939)

Taylor, A.J.P., The Struggle for Mastery in Europe (Oxford, 1954)

Temperley, H.W.V., History of Serbia (1917)

—— The Foreign Policy of Canning, 1822–27 (1925)

—— England and the Near East, The Crimea (1936)

Thomson, Gladys Scott, Catherine the Great and the Expansion of Russia (1950)

Toynbee, A.J., The Western Question in Greece and Turkey (1922)

Trumpener, U., Germany and the Ottoman Empire 1914–1918 (Princeton, 1968)

Vacalopoulos, Apostolos P., A History of Thessaloniki (Salonika, 1963)

Vandal, L.J.A., Une Ambassade Française en Orient sous Louis XV (Paris, 1887)

Vatikiotis, P.J., The History of Modern Egypt (1991)

Victoria, Queen, Letters, 3rd Series, vol. 3 (1930)

Volkan, V.D. and Itzkowitz, N., The Immortal Atatürk (Chicago and London, 1984)

Walder, David, The Chanak Affair (1969)

Walsh, R., A Residence at Constantinople (1836)

Ward Price, G., Extra-Special Correspondent (1957)

Webster, Sir Charles, The Foreign Policy of Palmerston, vol. 1 (1951)

Weissmann, Nahoum, Les Janissaries (Paris, 1964)

Wilson, A.T., Mesopotamia: Loyalties 1914–17 (1930)

Wilson, Derek, Rothschild (1988)

Wilson, Jeremy, Lawrence of Arabia (1989)

Wolf, J.B., The Diplomatic History of the Baghdad Railroad (Missouri, 1936)

Woodhouse, Hon. C.M., The Greek War of Independence (1952)

—— The Battle of Navarino (1965)

—— Capodistria (Oxford, 1973)

Yapp, M.E., The Making of the Modern Near East (1987)

—— Near East since the First World War (1991)

Young, George, Constantinople (1926)

Zaionchkovskii, A.A., Vostochnaia voina v sviazi s sovremennoi i politeschloi obstanovki (St Petersburg, 1908–13)

ARTICLES IN PERIODICALS

Ahmad, Feroz, ‘Great Britain’s Relations with the Young Turks’, Middle East Studies, vol. 2, no. 4 (1966)

Arnakis, G.G., ‘The Greek church of Constantinople and the Ottoman Empire’, JMH, vol. 24, Sept. 1952

Bolsover, G.H., ‘Nicholas I and the Partition of Turkey’, SEER, vol. 27 (1948–9)

Coquelle, M.P., ‘Sébastiani, ambassadeur à Constantinople’, Revue Historique Diplomatique, vol. 18 (1904)

Corrigan, H.S.R., ‘German-Turkish Relations and the Outbreak of War in 1914, A Re-Assessment’, Past and Present, 36 (1967)

Davison, R., ‘The Treaty of Kuchuk Kainardji, A Note on the Italian text’, International History Review, vol. 10, no. 4 (1988)

Dyer, Gwynne, ‘The Turkish Armistice of 1918’ in Middle East Studies, vol. 8, for May and Oct. 1972

Friedman, I., ‘The Hussein–McMahon Correspondence and the Question of Palestine,’ Journal of Contemporary History, vol. 5, no. 2 (1970); and correspondence in no. 4 of 1970

Herkless, J.L., ‘Stratford, the Cabinet and the Crimean War’, HJ, vol. 18, no. 3 (1975)

Hourani, A., ‘The Changing Face of the Fertile Crescent in the Eighteenth Century’, Studia Islamica, 8 (1953)

Kedourie, E., ‘The Surrender of Medina, January 1919’, Middle East Studies, vol. 13, no. 1 (1977)

Lewis, B., ‘The Impact of the French Revolution on Turkey’, Journal of World History, vol. 1 (1953)

McCullagh, Francis, ‘The Constantinople Mutiny of April 13th’, Fortnightly Review, vol. 86 (1908)

Rifat, Abou El-Haj, ‘Ottoman Diplomacy at Karlowitz’, Journal of American Oriental Society, vol. 87 (1967)

Skiotis, D.N., ‘From Bandit to Pasha’ in International Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, vol. 2 (1971)

Swanson, V.R., ‘The Military Rising in Istanbul, 1909’, Journal of Contemporary History, 5 (1970)

Temperley, H.W.V., ‘British Policy towards Parliamentary Rule and Constitutionalism in Turkey’, Cambridge HJ, vol. 4, no. 2 (Oct. 1933)

Trumpener, U., ‘Turkey’s Entry into World War I,’ JMH, vol. 39 (1962)